Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p075
id	cf2011_p075
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Chen Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Visual Dataflow Modelling: A Comparison of Three Systems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 801-816.
summary	Visual programming languages enable users to create computer programs by manipulating graphical elements rather than by entering text. The difference between textual languages and visual languages is that most textual languages use a procedural programming model, while most visual languages use a dataflow programming model. When visual programming is applied to design, it results in a new modelling approach that we refer to 'visual dataflow modelling' (VDM). Recently, VDM has becoming increasingly popular within the design community, as it can accelerate the iterative design process, thereby allowing larger numbers of design possibilities to be explored. Furthermore, it is now also becoming an important tool in performance-based design approaches, since it may potentially enable the closing of the loop between design development and design evaluation. A number of CAD systems now provide VDM interfaces, allowing designers to define form generating procedures without having to resort to scripting or programming. However, these environments have certain weaknesses that limit their usability. This paper will analyse these weaknesses by comparing and contrasting three VDM environments: McNeel Grasshopper, Bentley Generative Components, and Sidefx Houdini. The paper will focus on five key areas: * Conditional logic allow rules to be applied to geometric entities that control how they behave. Such rules will typically be defined as if-then-else conditions, where an action will be executed if a particular condition is true. A more advanced version of this is the while loop, where the action within the loop will be repeatedly executed while a certain condition remains true. * Local coordinate systems allow geometric entities to be manipulated relative to some convenient local point of reference. These systems may be either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, using either Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical systems. Techniques for mapping geometric entities from one coordinate system to another also need to be considered. * Duplication includes three types: simple duplication, endogenous duplication, and exogenous duplication. Simple duplication consists of copying some geometric entity a certain number of times, producing identical copies of the original. Endogenous duplication consist of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined as part of the duplication process. Lastly, exogenous duplication consists of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined by some other external geometry. * Part-whole relationships allow geometric entities to be grouped in various ways, based on the fundamental set-theoretic concept that entities can be members of sets, and sets can be members of other sets. Ways of aggregating data into both hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures, and ways of filtering data based on these structures need to be considered. * Spatial queries include relationships between geometric entities such as touching, crossing, overlapping, or containing. More advanced spatial queries include various distance based queries and various sorting queries (e.g. sorting all entities based on position) and filtering queries (e.g. finding all entities with a certain distance from a point). For each of these five areas, a simple benchmarking test case has been developed. For example, for conditional logic, the test case consists of a simple room with a single window with a condition: the window should always be in the longest north-facing wall. If the room is rotated or its dimensions changed, then the window must re-evaluate itself and possibly change position to a different wall. For each benchmarking test-case, visual programs are implemented in each of the three VDM environments. The visual programs are then compared and contrasted, focusing on two areas. First, the type of constructs used in each of these environments are compared and contrasted. Second, the cognitive complexity of the visual programming task in each of these environments are compared and contrasted.
keywords	visual, dataflow, programming, parametric, modelling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p127
id	cf2011_p127
authors	Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year	2011
title	Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary	The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called ‚Äúgingerbread houses‚Äù, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords	Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia11_318
id	acadia11_318
authors	Doumpioti,Christina
year	2011
title	Responsive and Autonomous Material Interfaces
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 318-325
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.318
summary	This paper presents continuing research on responsive systems in architecture; the ability of architectural systems to change certain properties in response to their surrounding environmental pressures. While doing so, it shifts from current and past examples of mechanical approaches of adaptation, towards biological paradigms of seamless material integration. Looking at biological mechanisms of growth and focusing on the material make-up behind them, the research proposes the exploration of material systems in a two-fold interrelated manner: firstly, through passive material systems of variable elasticity, and secondly through the embedment of smart materials with shape-changing properties. The combination of the two is aiming at architectural systems of functional versatility.Through an interdisciplinary approach, the paper examines the following questions: Is it possible to envisage structures that share the principles of adaptation and response of living organisms? What are the technological challenges faced when designing self-actuated responsive interfaces? Which is the conceptual framework for understanding and investigating complex adaptive and responsive systems? By exploring and synthesizing theories and tools from material science, bioengineering and cybernetics the aim is to inform architectural interfaces able to enhance interconnectivity between the man-made and the natural. Focusing on the self-organization of material systems the intention is to suggest architectural interventions, which become sub-systems of their ecological milieu. The emphasis therefore is placed not on architectural formalism, but on how we can define synthetic environments through constant exchanges of energy, matter and information.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cf2011_p109
id	cf2011_p109
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif; Lee Jinkook, Eastman Chuck
year	2011
title	Automated Cost Analysis of Concept Design BIM Models
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 403-418.
summary	AUTOMATED COST ANALYSIS OF CONCEPT DESIGN BIM MODELS Interoperability: BIM models and cost models This paper introduces the automated cost analysis developed for the General Services Administration (GSA) and the analysis results of a case study involving a concept design courthouse BIM model. The purpose of this study is to investigate interoperability issues related to integrating design and analysis tools; specifically BIM models and cost models. Previous efforts to generate cost estimates from BIM models have focused on developing two necessary but disjoint processes: 1) extracting accurate quantity take off data from BIM models, and 2) manipulating cost analysis results to provide informative feedback. Some recent efforts involve developing detailed definitions, enhanced IFC-based formats and in-house standards for assemblies that encompass building models (e.g. US Corps of Engineers). Some commercial applications enhance the level of detail associated to BIM objects with assembly descriptions to produce lightweight BIM models that can be used by different applications for various purposes (e.g. Autodesk for design review, Navisworks for scheduling, Innovaya for visual estimating, etc.). This study suggests the integration of design and analysis tools by means of managing all building data in one shared repository accessible to multiple domains in the AEC industry (Eastman, 1999; Eastman et al., 2008; authors, 2010). Our approach aims at providing an integrated platform that incorporates a quantity take off extraction method from IFC models, a cost analysis model, and a comprehensive cost reporting scheme, using the Solibri Model Checker (SMC) development environment. Approach As part of the effort to improve the performance of federal buildings, GSA evaluates concept design alternatives based on their compliance with specific requirements, including cost analysis. Two basic challenges emerge in the process of automating cost analysis for BIM models: 1) At this early concept design stage, only minimal information is available to produce a reliable analysis, such as space names and areas, and building gross area, 2) design alternatives share a lot of programmatic requirements such as location, functional spaces and other data. It is thus crucial to integrate other factors that contribute to substantial cost differences such as perimeter, and exterior wall and roof areas. These are extracted from BIM models using IFC data and input through XML into the Parametric Cost Engineering System (PACES, 2010) software to generate cost analysis reports. PACES uses this limited dataset at a conceptual stage and RSMeans (2010) data to infer cost assemblies at different levels of detail. Functionalities Cost model import module The cost model import module has three main functionalities: generating the input dataset necessary for the cost model, performing a semantic mapping between building type specific names and name aggregation structures in PACES known as functional space areas (FSAs), and managing cost data external to the BIM model, such as location and construction duration. The module computes building data such as footprint, gross area, perimeter, external wall and roof area and building space areas. This data is generated through SMC in the form of an XML file and imported into PACES. Reporting module The reporting module uses the cost report generated by PACES to develop a comprehensive report in the form of an excel spreadsheet. This report consists of a systems-elemental estimate that shows the main systems of the building in terms of UniFormat categories, escalation, markups, overhead and conditions, a UniFormat Level III report, and a cost breakdown that provides a summary of material, equipment, labor and total costs. Building parameters are integrated in the report to provide insight on the variations among design alternatives.
keywords	building information modeling, interoperability, cost analysis, IFC
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p098
id	cf2011_p098
authors	Bernal, Marcelo; Eastman Charles
year	2011
title	Top-down Approach for Interaction of Knowledge-Based Parametric Objects and Preliminary Massing Studies for Decision Making in Early Design Stages
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 149-164.
summary	Design activities vary from high-degree of freedom in early concept design stages to highly constrained solution spaces in late ones. Such late developments entail large amount of expertise from technical domains. Multiple parallel models handle different aspects of a project, from geometric master models to specific building components. This variety of models must keep consistency with the design intent while they are dealing with specific domains of knowledge such as architectural design, structure, HVAC, MEP, or plumbing systems. Most of the expertise embedded within the above domains can be translated into parametric objects by capturing design and engineering knowledge through parameters, constraints, or conditionals. The aim of this research is capturing such expertise into knowledge-based parametric objects (KPO) for re-usability along the design process. The proposed case study ‚Äì provided by SOM New York‚ is the interaction between a massing study of a high-rise and its building service core, which at the same time handles elevators, restrooms, emergency stairs, and space for technical systems. This project is focused on capturing design expertise, involved in the definition of a building service core, from a high-rise senior designer, and re-using this object for interaction in real-time with a preliminary massing study model of a building, which will drive the adaption process of the service core. This interaction attempts to provide an integrated design environment for feedback from technical domains to early design stages for decision-making, and generate a well-defined first building draft. The challenges addressed to drive the instantiation of the service core according to the shifting characteristics of the high-rise are automatic instantiation and adaptation of objects based on decision rules, and updating in real-time shared parameters and information derived from the high-rise massing study. The interaction between both models facilitates the process from the designer‚Äôs perspective of reusing previous design solutions in new projects. The massing study model is the component that handles information from the perspective of the outer shape design intent. Variations at this massing study model level drive the behavior of the service core model, which must adapt its configuration to the shifting geometry of the building during design exploration in early concept design stages. These variations depend on a list of inputs derived from multiple sources such as variable lot sizes, building type, variable square footage of the building, considerations about modularity, number of stories, floor-to-floor height, total building height, or total building square footage. The shifting combination of this set of parameters determines the final aspect of the building and, consequently, the final configuration of the service core. The service core is the second component involved in the automatic generation of a building draft. In the context of BIM, it is an assembly of objects, which contains other objects representing elevators, restrooms, emergency stairs, and space for several technical systems. This assembly is driven by different layouts depending on the building type, a drop-off sequence, which is the process of continuous reduction of elevators along the building, and how this reduction affects the re-arrangement of the service core layout. Results from this research involves a methodology for capturing design knowledge, a methodology for defining the architecture of smart parametric objects, and a method for real-time-feedback for decision making in early design stages. The project also wants to demonstrate the feasibility of continuous growth on top of existing parametric objects allowing the creation of libraries of smart re-usable objects for automation in design.
keywords	design automation, parametric modeling, design rules, knowledge-based design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ijac20109301
id	ijac20109301
authors	Biloria, Nimish
year	2011
title	InfoMatters, a multi-agent systems approach for generating performative architectural formations
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 3, 205-222
summary	The research paper exemplifies upon a computationally intensive inter-disciplinary research driven design investigation into spatializing the relationship between digital information and physical matter. Focusing on the development of architectural scale urban inserts, the design-research work operates on the intersection of information technology, environmental design, architecture, and computer aided manufacturing domains.The research framework revolves around developing a seamless integration of the aforementioned disciplines in order to establish iterative simulation driven methodologies for generating bottom-up sustainable architectural formations. This is achieved by establishing parametrically driven relational linkages between differential data sets (environmental, social, topological, material etc), which formulate the context (both global and local) within which the proposed project has to be designed. A selforganizing multi-agent system based simulation methodology for generating resultant spatial formations, in time, based on the impacts of the parametric relationships between the aforementioned data sets is eventually embarked upon. This implies, understanding the site as a dynamic information field within which interdependent ecology of agents (representing typology of people, program, structure, speed, desired social interaction etc) with multi-level relational affinities amongst each other as well as the dynamic urban information field. The resultant self-organized multi-agent formations are iteratively mined for identifying logical three-dimensional structural patterns or subjected to programmatic and environmental need driven additional layer of structural simulation with pre-embedded material restraints. An optimized system of multi-performative components that not only populates but also serves as an integrated structural + skin system of the results obtained from the agent based simulations (based upon the degree of inclusion/exclusion of parameters such as the amount of light, sound, wind etc) is subsequently generated. These experimental projects attained the status of self-evolving ecologies of multi-dimensional agents with embodied behavioural profiles, thus providing engaged, highly interdependent design by simulation outputs. The outputs showcase a dynamic system's driven approach towards sustainable design by stressing upon the idea of cohesively binding information and material systems from the very beginning of the design process. Such approaches help in reducing post-optimization of built form and consequently allow for rational understanding of performance criteria and its impact on formal articulations throughout the design process.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	cf2011_p092
id	cf2011_p092
authors	Bittermann, Michael S.
year	2011
title	Sustainable Conceptual Building Design using a Cognitive System
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 297-314.
summary	A cognitive system for conceptual building design is presented. It is based on an adaptive multi-objective evolutionary algorithm. The adaptive approach is novel and, in contrast with conventional multi-objective evolutionary algorithms, it explores the solution space effectively, while maintaining diversity among the solutions. The suitability of the approach for conceptual design of a multi-purpose building complex is demonstrated in an application. In the application, the goal of maximizing sustainability is treated by means of a model, which is established using neural computations. The approach is found to be suitable for treating the soft nature of the sustainability concept. Also, the capability of the approach to compare the performance of alternative solutions from an unbiased viewpoint, i.e. without committing a-priori to a relative importance among the performance aspects, is demonstrated.
keywords	computational design, sustainable design, adaptive evolutionary algorithm, Pareto optimality, neural computation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia11_138
id	acadia11_138
authors	Buell, Samantha; Shaban, Ryan; Corte, Daniel; Beorkrem, Christopher
year	2011
title	Zero-waste, Flat Pack Truss Work: An Investigation of Responsive Structuralism
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 138-143
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.138
summary	The direct and rapid connections between scripting, modeling and prototyping allow for investigations of computation in fabrication. The manipulation of planar materials with two-dimensional CNC cuts can easily create complex and varied forms, volumes, and surfaces. However, the bulk of research on folding using CNC fabrication tools is focused upon surfaces, self-supporting walls and shell structures, which do not integrate well into more conventional building construction models.This paper attempts to explain the potential for using folding methodologies to develop structural members through a design-build process. Conventional building practice consists of the assembly of off-the-shelf parts. Many times, the plinth, skeleton, and skin are independently designed and fabricated, integrating multiple industries. Using this method of construction as an operative status quo, this investigation focused on a single structural component: the truss. A truss is defined as: “A triangulated arrangement of structural members that reduces nonaxial external forces to a set of axial forces in its members.” (Allen and Iano 2004)Using folding methodologies and sheet steel to create a truss, this design investigation employed a recyclable and prolific building material to redefine the fabrication of a conventional structural member. The potential for using digital design and two-dimensional CNC fabrication tools in the design of a foldable truss from sheet steel is viable in the creation of a flat-packed, minimal waste structural member that can adapt to a variety of aesthetic and structural conditions. Applying new methods to a component of the conventional ‘kit of parts’ allowed for a novel investigation that recombines zero waste goals, flat-packing potential, structural expression and computational processes.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2011_172
id	sigradi2011_172
authors	Castañé, Dora; Tessier, Carlos
year	2011
title	Estrategias Implementales en la Investigación Patrimonial. 3 casos de modelos urbanos digitales [Implementales strategies in the heritage research. 3 Cases of digital urban models]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 86-89
summary	This paper shows 3 digital models implemented in two research product of a team of researchers of CONICET, CEDODAL projects who have been developing various annual proposals. The objective of this work is to show the implementales strategies used in each case. With the digital technological tools of three-dimensional modelling and its interfaces from spatial databases with different levels of complexity representational 2d-3d-4 d-5 d, applied to the recognition and research of this cultural and urban architectural heritage. Who allowed to store and retrieve information in multiple formats with a diversity of views to the review and analysis.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	cf2011_p165
id	cf2011_p165
authors	Chasznar, Andre
year	2011
title	Navigating Complex Models in Collaborative Work for (Sustainably) Integrated Design
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 619-636.
summary	Increasingly intensive use of computational techniques such as parametric-associative modeling, algorithmic design, performance simulations and generative design in architecture, engineering and construction are leading to increasingly large and complex 3D building models which in turn require increasingly powerful techniques in order to be manipulated and interpreted effectively. Further complexities are of course due also to the multi-disciplinary nature of building projects, in which there can be significant variation and even conflict among the aims of architects, engineers and builders, as well as owners, occupants and other stakeholders in the process. Effective use of model information depends to a large extent on sense-making, which can in some ways be helped but also hindered by schemes for organizing the information contained. Common techniques such as layering, labeling (aka ‚Äòtagging‚Äô) and assignment of various other attributes to model objects have significant limitations ‚Äì especially those arising from general problems of language, ontology and standardization, as well as but distinct from issues of interoperability ‚Äì both with respect to locating the desired items in a 3D building model and also with respect to displaying the objects in informative ways which effectively assist collaborative design and decision-making. Sustainable design in particular is an area generally requiring a high level of inter-disciplinary collaboration to achieve highly integrated designs which make multiple use of the elements and systems incorporated (though integrated design may also be pursued without explicit aims of sustainability). The proposed paper describes ongoing research concerning alternatives to the currently common techniques for locating and displaying information in 3D building models in support of sense-making to promote collaborative and integrated design. These alternatives comprise on the one hand interactive geometric-content-based methods for search and classification of model objects ‚Äì as an alternative or complement to common assigned-attribute-based methods ‚Äì and on the other hand visual analytic techniques ‚Äì in contrast to existing, relatively static tabular and "physical" views ‚Äì which can help to increase the informativeness of the geometric data within the model, as well as the non-geometric data that is attached to geometric objects (e.g. as in the cases of BIM and various types of CAE performance simulations). Tests undertaken with architects and engineers in practice and academia to evaluate the proposed methods are also described. Finally conclusions are drawn regarding these methods‚Äô positive present performance and some of their shortcomings, as well as indicating directions for future research concerning the methods‚Äô refinement and extension to help 3D building models become more effective components of the design process than they are at present, both with respect to these models‚Äô present levels of complexity and especially with respect to their anticipated increasing complexity in future.
keywords	CAD/CAE/BIM, content-based search, visual analytics
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	sigradi2011_071
id	sigradi2011_071
authors	Chiarella, Mauro
year	2011
title	Pliegues despliegues y repliegues Didáctica proyectual e instrumentos de Ideación [Foldings, unfoldings and refoldings. Pedagogy for the project and instruments of ideation]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 27-30
summary	The international architecture of the last decades has examples of works and architectural projects presented graphic from the two-dimensional unfolding of three-dimensional folded surfaces. These valuable individual experiences have not represented generalized strategies that can be transferred to the professional practice and to architectural education. This article uses results of more than 10 workshops (with Unfolding and Folding methodologies) developed in Chile, Argentina and Brazil to build up a pedagogy for the project that makes it possible to investigate the spatial and material properties of folded compositions in Architecture. It proposes to review and update project instruments through the incorporation of Parametric Design; 3D origami software and Digital Manufacturing.
keywords	Folded compositions; pedagogy for the project; parametric design; digital manufacturing
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	cf2011_p168
id	cf2011_p168
authors	Ciblac, Thierry
year	2011
title	Parametric Design with Standard Elements for Non-Standard Architecture
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 119-132.
summary	The development of non-standard architecture is often combined with the use of non-standard elements. But for economical or sustainable reasons, the use of standard elements may be particularly useful. The introduction of standard elements adapted to geometries far from parallelepipeds and freely designed raises a specific problem. The aim of this paper is to explore some ways offered by computing tools in order to help architects in the design process of non-standard shapes using standard elements. An approach is proposed for a specific typology of systems composed of constant length elements. The method used herein is based on parametric modeling associated with constraint resolution algorithms. (short abstract because full paper already written)
keywords	parametric modeling, non-standard architecture, standardization, form finding
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p051
id	cf2011_p051
authors	Cote, Pierre; Mohamed-Ahmed Ashraf, Tremblay Sebastien
year	2011
title	A Quantitative Method to Compare the Impact of Design Mediums on the Architectural Ideation Process.
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 539-556.
summary	If we compare the architectural design process to a black box system, we can assume that we now know quite well both inputs and outputs of the system. Indeed, everything about the early project either feasibility studies, programming, context integration, site analysis (urban, rural or natural), as well as the integration of participants in a collaborative process can all be considered to initiate and sustain the architectural design and ideation process. Similarly, outputs from that process are also, and to some extent, well known and identifiable. We are referring here, among others, to the project representations or even to the concrete building construction and its post-evaluation. But what about the black box itself that produces the ideation. This is the question that attempts to answer the research. Currently, very few research works linger to identify how the human brain accomplishes those tasks; how to identify the cognitive functions that are playing this role; to what extent they operate and complement each other, and among other things, whether there possibly a chain of causality between these functions. Therefore, this study proposes to define a model that reflects the activity of the black box based on the cognitive activity of the human brain. From an extensive literature review, two cognitive functions have been identified and are investigated to account for some of the complex cognitive activity that occurs during a design process, namely the mental workload and mental imagery. These two variables are measured quantitatively in the context of real design task. Essentially, the mental load is measured using a Bakan's test and the mental imagery with eyes tracking. The statistical software G-Power was used to identify the necessary subject number to obtain for significant variance and correlation result analysis. Thus, in the context of an exploratory research, to ensure effective sample of 0.25 and a statistical power of 0.80, 32 participants are needed. All these participants are students from 3rd, 4th or 5th grade in architecture. They are also very familiar with the architectural design process and the design mediums used, i.e., analog model, freehand drawing and CAD software, SketchUp. In three experimental sessions, participants were asked to design three different projects, namely, a bus shelter, a recycling station and a public toilet. These projects were selected and defined for their complexity similarity, taking into account the available time of 22 minutes, using all three mediums of design, and this in a randomly manner to avoid the order effect. To analyze the two cognitive functions (mental load and mental imagery), two instruments are used. Mental imagery is measured using eye movement tracking with monitoring and quantitative analysis of scan paths and the resulting number and duration of participant eye fixations (Johansson et al, 2005). The mental workload is measured using the performance of a modality hearing secondary task inspired by Bakan'sworks (Bakan et al.; 1963). Each of these three experimental sessions, lasting 90 minutes, was composed of two phases: 1. After calibrating the glasses for eye movement, the subject had to exercise freely for 3 minutes while wearing the glasses and headphones (Bakan task) to get use to the wearing hardware. Then, after reading the guidelines and criteria for the design project (¬± 5 minutes), he had 22 minutes to execute the design task on a drawing table allowing an upright posture. Once the task is completed, the subject had to take the NASA TLX Test, on the assessment of mental load (¬± 5 minutes) and a written post-experimental questionnaire on his impressions of the experiment (¬± 10 minutes). 2. After a break of 5-10 minutes, the participant answered a psychometric test, which is different for each session. These tests (¬± 20 minutes) are administered in the same order to each participant. Thus, in the first experimental session, the subject had to take the psychometric test from Ekstrom et al. (1978), on spatial performance (Factor-Referenced Cognitive Tests Kit). During the second session, the cognitive style is evaluated using Oltman's test (1971). Finally, in the third and final session, participant creativity is evaluated using Delis-Kaplan test (D-KEFS), Delis et al. (2001). Thus, this study will present the first results of quantitative measures to establish and validate the proposed model. Furthermore, the paper will also discuss the relevance of the proposed approach, considering that currently teaching of ideation in ours schools of architecture in North America is essentially done in a holistic manner through the architectural project.
keywords	design, ideation process, mental workload, mental imagery, quantitative mesure
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ecaade2011_056
id	ecaade2011_056
authors	Czerkauer-Yamu, Claudia; Voigt, Andreas
year	2011
title	Strategic Planning and Design with Space Syntax
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.125-133
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.125
wos	WOS:000335665500014
summary	In strategic planning and design, planners can benefit a great deal from planning models and simulations (2D, 3D and 4D). Carrying out strategic planning and design with the support of (spatial) models can open up a bright spectrum of opportunities and insights that were not evident before. Planning models and simulations support an awareness-raising process. In this context, space syntax also fits in. In the following we will discuss the constraints and opportunities of space syntax and show how space syntax can add value to strategic planning and design (based on the Ljubljana masterplan) for a sustainable and sustaining built environment.
keywords	Urban analysis; strategic planning and design; space syntax; spatial simulation and modelling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	ecaade2011_066
id	ecaade2011_066
authors	de Boissieu, Aurélie; Lecourtois, Caroline; Guéna, François
year	2011
title	“Operation of parametric modelling” and/or “operation of architectural conception”?: Expressing relationships in parametric modelling
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.530-538
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.530
wos	WOS:000335665500061
summary	This research paper presents a specific understanding of the relations between parametric modelling activities and architectural conception activities. Our main question is: Can we make a distinction between cognitive operations of parametric modelling and cognitive operations of architectural conception? To shed light on this question, this paper is leaning on analyses of some uses of the parametric modeler Digital Project. The cases studies are students’ projects from two Architecture Studios: the Cross Over Studio of the Universität die Angewandte in Vienna; and the Studio P9 Digital Knowledge of the Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Paris Malaquais in Paris. Our main result is the observation of a distinction between cognitive operations of parametric modelling and cognitive operations of architectural conception. The distinction of these two kinds of operations leads at questioning the relation between them. We have questioned these relations in terms of induction from one to another. But some interesting merging of these two kinds of operations appeared also.
keywords	Architectural design; parametric modelling; expressing relationship; Teaching; Digital Project
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	745e
id	745e
authors	Derix C, Kimpian J, Mason J and Karanouh A
year	2011
title	Feedback Architecture
source	In Terri Peters (ed), Experimental Green Strategies: Ecological Design Research: Architectural Design (AD), Wiley and Sons, Nov-Dec 2011
summary	Sustainable design and ecological building are the most significant global challenges for the design profession. To meet new building regulations and national targets for carbon emissions, all future buildings will be judged on their ‘green’ merits. For architects to maintain a competitive edge in a global market, innovation is now key; the design of new processes, technologies and materials that combat carbon emissions and improve the sustainable performance of buildings are paramount. Contemporary practices have responded by setting up multi- disciplinary internal research and development teams, with offices such as Foster + Partners, HOK and Aedas setting the bar for ground-breaking research and development. The aim of internal groups is often to adapt and create new technologies and materials and to borrow ways of working from other disciplines, to focus on innovation rather than incrementally increasing performance or efficiency. This title offers insights into how a wide range of established and emerging practices are rising to meet these challenges. In pursuit of integrated sustainability and low-energy building, material and formal innovation and new tools and technologies, it illustrates that the future of architecture is evolving in an exchange of ideas across disciplines. Incorporating the creation of new knowledge about ecological building within the profession, it also identifies the emergence of a collective will to seek out new routes that build in harmony with the environment.
keywords	sustainability, morphology, performance, design computation
series	journal paper
type	normal paper
email
more	http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047068979X.html
last changed	2012/09/20 17:07

_id	ecaade2011_127
id	ecaade2011_127
authors	Di Mascio, Danilo; Palka, Pierpaolo
year	2011
title	From the 3D survey “ad Oggetto” to the technological representation of the architecture: The case study of Caporciano
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.829-836
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.829
wos	WOS:000335665500095
summary	In this paper we are to present a research, still in progress, whose main objective is the desire to develop and test an alternative method of surveying, representing and analyzing buildings that are part of a minor historical-artistic heritage. The instruments used and the proposed methodology want to give an alternative to other solutions such as 3D laser scanners and photogrammetry, which would be not only expensive, but also difficult to use in small and irregular spaces, typical of the old Italian villages. The case study that will be presented is Caporciano, a small medieval village in Abruzzo (a region at the centre of Italy), in the internal area of the region affected by a violent earth quake in 2009. This tragic event has put the spotlights on the problems and the fragility of these small villages, which represent an important local resource of cultural importance, and therefore must be preserved for the future generation. In order to properly act in these areas, it is necessary to thoroughly know the actions to be taken for its recovery or conservation, and the present methodology allows the creation of this knowledge made up of several drawings, both two-dimensional and three-dimensional.
keywords	3D survey; cultural heritage; 3d modeling; CAD; Abruzzo region
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	sigradi2011_169
id	sigradi2011_169
authors	Figueroa, María E.; Hernández, Silvia; Lanzone, Luciana; Resk, Alejandra; Verón, María José
year	2011
title	DU, Dispositivo urbano. Serie: Avatares Urbanos de la Comunicación y de la Cultura [DU, Urban Device. Series: Urbans Avatars of the Comunications and of the Culture]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 347-350
summary	An experience of design combined with transformables spaces with domotic technology was done, where teachers and students from the faculty of engineering and architecture take part. The device proposed is ductile, is a urban avatar. The concept makes reference to the spanish term synonymous; to vicissitude and change. The urban device, with multiple functions, has vanguard technology to answer to a new social and cultural paradigm. It is proposed mobile skins connected to a support structure and for the inside space, a glass box, answering to sustainable. Working with 3D allows rehearsing the possibility of movement.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	caadria2011_068
id	caadria2011_068
authors	Garagnani, Simone
year	2011
title	Packing the “Chinese box”: A strategy to manage knowledge using architectural digital models
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 717-726
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.717
summary	The architectural design activity has been transformed due to technological advances in building knowledge management. The research proposed is based on a three years long Ph.D. work on 3D models intended as graphical informative systems, layered according to the “Chinese box” paradigm and destined to professionals and researchers in architecture. The applied case study is referred to San Vitale’s church in Ravenna, Italy: the monument was investigated through nested digital models produced by different computer programs. Passing through evolutionary steps identified as synthesis, reduction and projection, the resulting archive lowered its Complication Ratio, a numerical value inspired by fractal’s auto-similarity, indicating a recursive modification in morphologies and contents. Models so conceived are qualified as progressive knowledge-based catalogues easily interchangeable and useful to understand how new or existing architectures work. As a result of this approach, representations obtained with surveys, historical chronicles, light analysis and acoustic simulations were composed following gradual refinements: technical data were collected running parallel to bibliographic research, enriching interactive virtual models sprung from a recursive criterion destined to increase the information enclosed into an undivided, lossless, digital archive.
keywords	3D modelling; virtual architecture; BIM; CAAD; information database
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2023_091
id	ascaad2023_091
authors	Haddad, Naif
year	2023
title	From Digital Heritage Documentation to 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Recreation for Heritage Promotion and Reinterpretation: The Case of the iHeritage Project
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 7-23.
summary	In the last two decades, the digital age Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) development and concerns combined with rapid technology have permitted the dissemination of different digital applications (including digital documentation, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), digital gaming, and holograms etc.) oriented toward past, present and future communication using digital three-dimensional audio-visual content. Today, we must acknowledge that 3D virtual 3D reconstruction and recreation has become an established way to build, understand, reinterpret, and promote Cultural Heritage (CH). The virtual 3D reconstruction world and multimedia industry are often considered potential marketing channels for World Heritage Sites (WHS) and heritage tourism. 3D digital/virtual reconstruction merges and embodies subjectivity in one process, playing an attractive role in heritage tourism destinations and creating image experiences, providing the first enjoyable interpretation and information for most audiences. Based on the EU-funded iHERITAGE project ICT Mediterranean platform for the UNESCO CH, this paper attempts to examine some insights into constructing the optimistic image of heritage promotion and tourism in the context of CH as it flows through both physical and virtual spaces to give a glimpse of the future of virtual reconstruction. It illustrates the development of the concepts and practice, challenges and opportunities, advantages and disadvantages, and the negative and the positive sides of the related issues of only 3D digital reconstructions, and some issues concerning the ethics based on the International Chartres and Conventions mainly in the field of scientific visualisation, such as the London Charter (2009) and Seville Principles (2011). Finally, as a practical dimension, it presents some representative examples of 3D digital/virtual reconstruction of characteristic monuments of the WHS of Nabataean Petra in Jordan for the first time.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

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