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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p049
id	cf2011_p049
authors	Hii Jun Chung, Daniel; Chye Kiang Heng, Lai Choo Malone Lee, Ji Zhang
year	2011
title	Analyzing the Ventilation Performance of Tropical High Density Residential Precincts using Computational Fluid Dynamics
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 351-366.
summary	Major cities in the world are getting bigger as they continue to grow to cater for more population increase. These cities normally forced the urban planning to go high density. In the tropical context, high density cities like Singapore and Hong Kong do not have the luxury of space to go low rise and compact. These cities have to build to the floor area ratio of 4 and above to cater for the population. Their only solution is to go up, as high as possible, to the extent that the natural wind flow pattern will be altered, which brings environmental impact to the people. This is generally not good since wind flow helps to maintain the thermal comfort of the people as heat and pollutants are being channeled out of the city to avoid Urban Heat Island effect. In the tropical context, wind flow is crucial to maintain people‚Äôs comfort as the temperature is generally very high from the exposure of the sun for the entire year. Studies have shown that wind flow plays the most significant part in maintaining human comfort despite exposing to direct sunlight in the tropics. Therefore, wind flow analysis is extremely crucial to make the design sustainable and energy efficient, as people will not have to depend on mechanical ventilation to compensate for the lack of wind flow. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has always been used in the field of architecture, urban design and urban planning to understand the patterns of wind flow through the built environment apart from wind tunnel tests. The availability of more powerful hardware for the mainstream computer users as well as the lowering costs of these computers made CFD more possible to be adopted in the design world today. This also means using CFD in the design process, especially to analyze the impact of the design to the current site conditions and annual wind patterns will help the new design to be more responsive to the site. The interest of this paper is to analyze the high density typologies to see how well they respond to the local wind flow pattern. A typology is considered acceptable when the wind flow going through the site is still maintaining acceptable wind speed. This means it does not block off the wind and create stagnant spaces. Different designs generate different typologies which will respond differently to the wind pattern. The study aims at comparing the local high density typologies in terms of their response to the wind. Changes to a typology can be explored too to see if the performance will be different. For a typology which is considered a total failure in terms of response to wind, it may improve its performance if the orientation is altered. The CFD software can also parametrically respond to the changes of the typologies‚Äô dimensions. This is helpful to see how much more a typology can still be performing well before failure by increasing the floor area index. The easiest way to do this is to pump up the building height. In conclusion, designing in response to wind is extremely important as it is more sustainable and responsive to Urban Heat Island effect. A design which responds well to the wind patterns will help save cost of cooling load and fan expenditure. The people will also be more willing to use the outdoor spaces which will as a whole generate more vibrant city spaces. As a result, a high density city with huge population count can still enjoy good thermal comfort if the general urban planning and design respond well to wind.
keywords	computational fluid dynamics, sustainability, high density, urban design, airflow, ventilation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ijac20109103
id	ijac20109103
authors	Jun Chung, Daniel Hii; Malone-Lee Lai Choo
year	2011
title	Computational Fluid Dynamics for Urban Design: The Prospects for Greater Integration
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 1, 33-54
summary	Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has always been used in the field of architecture, urban design and urban planning to understand the patterns of wind flow through the built environment. Its analysis is important to evaluate whether the natural ventilation through a site is adequate to mitigate heat and pollutant to achieve better human comfort in dense urban environments. However, given the complex operational requirements, the response to wind flow is not always done early enough to support planning and design. This paper seeks to illustrate how CFD analysis can aid planning and design of urban areas and investigates the workflow requirements, in the hope of making the CFD simulations more accessible to the practices and contribute to design decisions. It also looks at the present technological advancements and future prospects to assess the scenarios where emerging technologies can make CFD simulation more readily available with affordable and even mobile hardware installations.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	sigradi2011_307
id	sigradi2011_307
authors	Lenz Costa Lima, Daniel; Ribeiro Cardoso, Daniel; Soares Lopes, André
year	2011
title	Vento de praia: desenho de vilarejos [Wind Shore – fishermen village’s design]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 538-541
summary	In this work, Type is suggested as a source of knowledge, once acknowledged that it is an efficient response to a specific problem, and that a knowledge based on observation of a greater quantity of occurrence of the phenomenon is more solid. The type is understood under the new Theory of Systems, that is, it carries within itself information on its environment. Thus, its understanding envolves that of the system. A study on the type Traditional Beach Villages of Ceará is then undertaken, using GIS software to retrieve information that are then translated and simulated on a Rhino/Grasshopper scripting.
keywords	Type; General System Theory (GST); Digital Image Processing; algorithm; fishermen's villages
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:54

_id	eaea2009_piga
id	eaea2009_piga
authors	Piga, Barbara E.A.
year	2011
title	The Urban Simulation and Projects Evaluation Laboratory at the Politecnico di Milano: An Educational and Research Facility
source	Projecting Spaces [Proceedings of the 9th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 978-3-942411-31-8 ], pp. 115-120
summary	At the beginning of 2007 an Italian Urban Simulation Laboratory was founded at the Politecnico di Milano. The laboratory, coordinated by prof. Fausto Curti, has been developed thanks to the one year presence of the visiting professor Peter Bosselmann, director of the Environmental Simulation Laboratory at the University of California at Berkeley. The laboratory has an interdisciplinary approach and a threefold mission: experiment, using the laboratory setting to study urban projects at different scales; communicate, aiding public communication by making urban projects understandable to everyone; integrate and innovate, working on different kind of simulations techniques in an integrated way. In its initial experience the laboratory is primarily a didactic and research facility. Students can join the work and participate actively to the research. Until now about 40 students have worked with us, more than a half were foreign students from all over the world. The majority of the students did an internship of about 150 (three-year degree) or 300 (master degree) hours and some of them have continued working after this period developing a thesis. At the moment the case study, used as a pilot research, is about the Porta Nuova project at the Garibaldi- Repubblica area in Milan. The 300.000 mq of the total area and its well served central position make this place strategic for Milan. In this area the adopted urban transformation plan is creating a new business center that affects redevelopment projects, new infrastructures, and a park. The overall project will overhanging the surroundings city center with some of the highest buildings of its skyline. The importance of the site and the dimension of the project make this case significant to test the use of simulation for supporting evaluations about morphological aspects, comfort conditions, visual impacts, and other aspects that directly influence the quality of the new urban spaces. We are now applying different simulation methodologies in order to better understand the peculiar usefulness of each kind as a tool to support evaluation. As any kind has its own limits we work with different typologies at the same time. We are working with 1:500 scale physical model of a 1 km square of the area and different kind of static and dynamic simulations. We developed, with an external office, a micro-car to move a micro-camera in the maquette. We use this equipment to better explain the project implications to the students by producing subjective shot videos or showing a walk in real-time. To reproduce in a better way some relevant walks through the transformed site we have also produced some videos made of a superimposition of the real existing context and the virtual projects. To do this we used a rendered video of the project superimposed to the filmed promenade of the today condition, previously recorded using steadycam. A lot of static simulations has been employed to better understand the new city configuration from some representative points of view, as for example the roof of the Duomo cathedral. We are now developing some other kinds of analysis such as shadows impact; this is done by using a 1:1000 scale maquette in the Heliodon, but also with some digital tools. In the next future a work with the wind tunnel will help to understand some other comfort implications of the project at the micro-urban scale. The multilayer approach is the main aim of the laboratory and is an important tool to clarify the multidimensional project impacts to the students. In this way the laboratory can be a learning tool, it can stimulate the project process and support decision-making while improving the knowledge about the correct use of simulations for evaluating the cumulative implications of the proposed urban processes.
series	other
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2011/03/04 08:45

_id	cf2011_p127
id	cf2011_p127
authors	Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year	2011
title	Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary	The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called ‚Äúgingerbread houses‚Äù, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords	Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ecaade2011_020
id	ecaade2011_020
authors	de la Barrera Poblete, Carlos Ignacio
year	2011
title	Evolutionary Strategy to Design Optimized Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.293
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.293-301
summary	The purpose of the present experiment consists in optimizing a building modifying its apertures (windows) and its geometry to reduce heating and air conditioning consumption. The optimization is performed using a Micro-Genetic Algorithm (Micro-GAs) programmed in C# embedded like a series of functions into GenerativeComponents (GC). EnergyPlus (E+) software is used to evaluate the HVAC consumption levels of the building. The aim of the optimization is to keep the temperature at 20ºC on the hottest and coldest day using the least possible energy (Jules). In conclusion, this article proposes a new technique based on parametric modelling, evaluation and evolutionary optimization to generate efficient buildings with HVAC consumptions.
wos	WOS:000335665500033
keywords	Optimization; Parametric design; Genetic Algorithms; Energy Consumption; Architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	caadria2011_072
id	caadria2011_072
authors	Gallas, Mohamed-Anis; Didier Bur and Gilles Halin
year	2011
title	Daylight and energy in the early phase of architectural design process: A design assistance method using designer’s intents
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.761
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 761-770
summary	The integration of daylighting from the beginning of the design process can help designers to create buildings that respect their environment benefit from the solar gain thus giving an answer to illumination and energy needs (Bodart et al, 2002). This paper proposes a declarative assistance method/tool designed for the early design phase. This method assists the designer in integrating the daylight and its energetic impact from the beginning of the architectural design process by means of intents. The intents are related to the daylight, energy and spatial configuration aspects of the architectural project. The method translates the designer’s intents into potential solutions. They are the first formal representation of the architect’s intents that could be customized and altered during the next architectural design phases.
keywords	Daylight; energy; early design phase; design support; intents
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2011_073
id	ecaade2011_073
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Basol, Cihat; Chen, Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Evolutionary Developmental Design for Non-Programmers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.245
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.245-252
summary	Evolutionary developmental design (Evo-Devo-Design) is a design method that combines complex developmental techniques with an evolutionary optimisation techniques. In order to use such methods, the problem specific developmental and evaluation procedures typically need to be define using some kind of textual programming language. This paper reports on an alternative approach, in which designers can use Visual Dataflow Modelling (VDM) instead of textual programming. This research described how Evo-Devo-Design problems can defined using the VDM approach, and how they can subsequently be run using a Distributed Execution Environment (called Dexen) on multiple computers in parallel. A case study is presented, where the Evo-Devo-Design method is used to evolve designs for a house, optimised for daylight, energy consumption, and privacy.
wos	WOS:000335665500027
keywords	Evolutionary; developmental; design; performance; optimisation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadiaregional2011_008
id	acadiaregional2011_008
authors	Krietemeyer,Elizabeth A.; Anna H. Dyson
year	2011
title	Electropolymeric Technology for Dynamic Building Envelopes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.s0s
source	Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
summary	Human health and energy problems associated with the lack of control of natural light in contemporary buildings have necessitated research into dynamic windows for energy efficient buildings. Existing dynamic glazing technologies have made limited progress towards greater energy performance for curtain wall systems because they are still unable to respond to dynamic solar conditions, fluctuating building demands, and a range of user preferences for visual comfort and individual control. Recent breakthroughs in the field of information display provide opportunities to transfer electropolymeric technology to building envelopes that can achieve geometric and spectral selectivity in concert with pattern variation within the façade. Integrating electroactive polymers within the surfaces of an insulated glazing unit (IGU) could dramatically improve the energy performance of windows while enabling user empowerment through the control of the visual quality of this micro-material assembly, in addition to allowing for the switchable patterning of information display. Using parametric modeling as a generative design and analysis tool, this paper examines the technical intricacies linking system variables with visual comfort, daylight quality, and pattern design of the proposed electropolymeric dynamic facade technology.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	acadia11_98
id	acadia11_98
authors	Kudless, Andrew
year	2011
title	Bodies in Formation: The material evolution of flexible formworks
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.098
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 98-105
summary	Borne from the complex negotiation between liquid mass and tensile constraint, flexible formwork castings are resonant with material energy. Hard as stone, yet visually supple and fluid, the pre-cast architectural assemblies produced using flexible formwork techniques suggest integrative design strategies that acknowledge the intricate associations between form, fabrication, and material behavior. This tripartite synthesis between geometry, making, and performance has emerged as one of the central themes of contemporary architecture and engineering. Borrowing ideas of morphology from biology and physics, 20th century architectural innovators such as Antoni Gaudi and Frei Otto built a legacy of material practice that incorporated methods of making with material and geometric logics. The emergent effects (and affects) produced through these highly integrative practices serve as the basis of much of the research and design at Matsys. Building on the flexible formwork research of Miguel Fisac in the 1970s, the P_Wall series by Matsys explores the use of digital tools in the generation and fabrication of these bodies in formation.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2011_068
id	ecaade2011_068
authors	Ma, Jin Yul; Choo, Seung Yeon; Seo, Ji Hyo; Jeong, Seung Woo
year	2011
title	A Study on BIM based Energy Efficient Design Improvement for Rural Standard Drawing and Specification in South Korea: Focusing on Using Buffer-Zone
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.430
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.430-438
summary	Throughout the world, global warming has been considered a severe problem, which has led to efforts being made for technical development to reduce greenhouse gases in the building sector. As more attention has been paid to energy consumption by residential housing in the building sector, policies and studies on domestic dwellings tend to focus on quality improvement and energy-efficient housing development rather than quantitative housing supply. Yet, policies and guidelines considering residential energy efficiency are inclined to focus on performance and lack in integrated consideration in connection with design. Hence, it seems necessary to compare and analyze design and energy efficiency and to study correlations between housing design and energy. Lately, BIM technology has been used in buildings domestically and proved reliable in respect of its features that enable overall comparison and prediction of housing design, performance and efficiency. The present study is to use the BIM technology to analyze energy consumption and the standard drawing schemes for rural areas to find ways to improve efficient design in singles housing sector and to suggest how to take advantage of buffer zones and how to improve housing design in favor of energy efficiency.
wos	WOS:000335665500049
keywords	BIM; Energy Analysis Tool; Rural Standard Drawing; Buffer-Zone; Sustainable design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadiaregional2011_019
id	acadiaregional2011_019
authors	Peters, Troy
year	2011
title	Simulation by Design: A Parametric Design Tool for Zero Energy Buildings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.q2q
source	Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
summary	To address the shortcomings of integrating building simulation in architectural design and to make it more appealing to students, a simple interface to Energyplus was created. This interface models a simple rectangular building that is passively heated by direct gain and cooled by ventilation. A simple photovoltaic interface has also been added to supply fan energy. This tool has an OpenGL modeler for visualization and uses Energyplus for calculations. The interface will run a full year simulation and graph the results. The results are reported in a yearly graph that shows the outdoor and indoor temperature. The indoor temperature range is based on adaptive comfort level. The interface was tested and used in an introductory design studio in order to comply with the 2010 imperative. The students simulated a simple box and changed the buildings parameters until the building fell within the adaptive comfort zone for most of the year. The climate simulated was Chicago, IL. Using these parameters the students then designed the building. The resulting designs show that even though the students were restricted in parameters, such as window percentage, they were still able to creatively design unique buildings that use zero to negative net energy for heating and cooling in a climate such as Chicago.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	acadia11_152
id	acadia11_152
authors	Rael, Ronald; San Fratello, Virginia
year	2011
title	Developing Concrete Polymer Building Components for 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.152
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 152-157
summary	The creation of building components that can be seen as sustainable, inexpensive, stronger, recyclable, customizable and perhaps even reparable to the environment is an urgent, and critical focus of architectural research. In the U.S. alone, the construction industry produced 143.5 million tons of building-related construction and demolition debris in 2008, and buildings, in their consumption of energy produce more greenhouse gasses than automobiles or industry.Because the inherent nature of 3D printing opens new possibilities for shaping materials, the process will reshape the way we think about architectural building components. Digital materiality, a term coined by Italian and Swiss architects Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler, describes materiality increasingly enriched with digital characteristics where data, material, programming and construction are interwoven (Gramazio and Kohler, 2008). The research aspires towards this classification through the use of parametric modeling tools, analytic software and quantitative and qualitative analysis. Rapid prototyping, which is the automatic construction of physical objects using additive manufacturing technology, typically employs materials intended for the immediate analysis of form, scale, and tactility. Rarely do the materials used in this process have any long-term value, nor does the process - except in rare cases with expensive metal prototyping - have the ability to create actual and sustainable working products. This research intends to alter this state of affairs by developing methods for 3D printing using concrete for the production of long-lasting performance-based components.
series	ACADIA
type	work in progress
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	cf2011_p112
id	cf2011_p112
authors	Schlueter, Arno
year	2011
title	Integrated Design Process for Prefabricated Façade Modules with Embedded Distributed Service Systems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 419-434.
summary	The awareness of the environmental impact of buildings concerning their CO2 emissions, their energy and resource consumption has raised the challenges on building design, construction and operation. Building service systems are among the main contributors to building related emissions. Their consideration already in design is therefore of growing importance. Distributed service systems represent a new paradigm towards the supply of a building with energy and matter. Being small, efficient and networked, they can be distributed within the building fabric to allow an efficiently supply of the building space. Their employment, however, affects the spatial layout, construction and resulting building performance. In order to capture the resulting complex dependencies, a strategy to integrate such systems into the architectural design process is necessary. In this work a design process is proposed, that integrates distributed service systems into building design, dissolving the classical divide between architectural design and service systems layout. Digital modelling and computational methods are employed to create and analyse design solutions, visualize performance criteria and provide the relevant data for the intended digital fabrication process. The process is exemplified using a joint university-industry case study project focusing on parametric façade modules, developed in a seamless digital process from concept to fabrication.
keywords	integrated design, design process, performance assessment, digital fabrication, distributed building service systems
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p060
id	cf2011_p060
authors	Sheward, Hugo; Eastman Charles
year	2011
title	Preliminary Concept Design (PCD) Tools for Laboratory Buildings, Automated Design Optimization and Assessment Embedded in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Tools.
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 451-476.
summary	The design of laboratory buildings entails the implementation of a variety of design constraints such as building codes; design guidelines and technical requirements. The application of these requires from designers the derivation of data not explicitly available at early stages of design, at the same time there is no precise methodology to control the consistency, and accuracy of their application. Many of these constraints deal with providing secure environmental conditions for the activities inside laboratories and their repercussions both for the building occupants and population in general, these constraints mandate a strict control over the building‚Äôs Mechanical Equipment (MEP), in particular the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to the importance of these laboratory designers are expected to assess their designs not only according spatial relationships, but also design variables such as HVAC efficiency, air pressure hierarchies, operational costs, and the possible implications of their design decisions in the biological safety of the facility. At this point in time, there are no practical methods for making these assessments, without having constant interaction with HVAC specialists. The assessment of laboratory design variables, particularly those technical in nature, such as dimensioning of ducts or energy consumption are usually performed at late stages of design. They are performed by domain experts using data manually extracted from design information, with the addition of domain specific knowledge, the evaluation is done mostly through manual calculations or building simulations. In traditional practices most expert evaluations are performed once the architectural design have been completed, the turn around of the evaluation might take hours or days depending on the methods used by the engineer, therefore reducing the possibility for design alternatives evaluation. The results of these evaluations will give clues about sizing of the HVAC equipment, and might generate the need for design reformulations, causing higher development costs and time delays. Several efforts in the development of computational tools for automated design evaluation such as wheel chair accessibility (Han, Law, Latombe, Kunz, 2002) security and circulation (Eastman, 2009), and construction codes (ww.Corenet.gov.sg) have demonstrated the capabilities of rule or parameter based building assessment; several computer applications capable of supporting HVAC engineers in system designing for late concept or design development exist, but little has been done to assess the capabilities of computer applications to support laboratory design during architectural Preliminary Concept Design(PCD) (Trcka, Hensen, 2010). Developments in CAD technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) have opened doors to formal explorations in generative design using rule based or parametric modeling [7]. BIM represents buildings as a collection of objects with their own geometry, attributes, and relations. BIM also allows for the definition of objects parametrically including their relation to other model objects. BIM has enabled the development of automated rule based building evaluation (Eastman, 2009). Most of contemporary BIM applications contemplate in their default user interfaces access to design constraints and object attribute manipulations. Some even allow for the application of rules over these. Such capabilities make BIM viable platforms for automation of design data derivation and for the implementation of generative based design assessment. In this paper we analyze the possibilities provided by contemporary BIM for implementing generative based design assessment in laboratory buildings. In this schema, domain specific knowledge is embedded in to the BIM system as to make explicit design metrics that can help designers and engineers to assess the performance of design alternatives. The implementation of generative design assessments during PCD can help designers and engineers to identify design issues early in the process, reducing the number of revisions and reconfigurations in later stages of design. And generally improving design performance.
keywords	Heating ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Building Information Models (BIM), Generative Design Assessment
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia11_40
id	acadia11_40
authors	Weinstock, Michael
year	2011
title	The Architecture of Flows: Integrated Infrastructures and the ‘Metasystem’ of Urban Metabolism
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.040
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 40-43
summary	The traditional approach to urban design studies has been based on what can be described as a generalised anatomical model, e.g., functional zoning coupled to metaphors such as green areas serving as the ‘lungs’ of cities. Despite the frequent use of biological metaphors, urban design has generally proceeded from an understanding of cities as static arrays of buildings and infrastructures that exist in, but are distinct from, stable environments. But this approach does not reflect the dynamic systems of cities throughout history, nor their close coupling to the dynamics of their local environment, climate and ecology, and now the global dynamics of culture and economy. The limitations of this approach, in which cities are treated as discrete artefacts, rather than nodes interconnected by multiple networks, are compounded by the legal and regulatory boundary of the city usually being defined as an older core, so that cities are regarded as something quite separate from their surrounding territory. All cities have administrative boundaries, but cities are very rarely either physically or energetically contained within those administrative boundaries. In the past, cities gathered most of the energy and materials they needed from their immediate local territory, and trade linked systems of cities across whole regions. The growth and vitality of many cities are no longer dependent on the spatial relationship with their immediate environs but on the regional and global flows of resources. The flow of materials, information and energy through cities comes from far outside their physical and regulatory (municipal) boundaries. Cities now extend their metabolic systems over very great distances, so that the extended territory of the urban metabolism of a city and its geographical ‘place’ are often completely decoupled.
series	ACADIA
type	keynote paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadiaregional2011_026
id	acadiaregional2011_026
authors	Yenerim, Duygu; Mark J. Clayton, Glen Mills
year	2011
title	Parametric Modeling of Informal Settlements
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.m0c
source	Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
summary	Informal settlements consisting of substandard housing that lack adequate infrastructure, sanitation, living space and security, are one of the major challenges for developing cities in terms of their unpredictable growth. The colonias are informal settlements that originated in substandard housing development in the U.S. along the Mexico border. As informal settlements grow and transform into formal communities, their potential impacts upon energy consumption and economic development can be very high. This study proposes a method by using Building Information Modeling (BIM) parametric tool to develop a database of informal houses in the colonias that would assist the planning of development and upgrades.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cf2011_p033
id	cf2011_p033
authors	Dorta, Tomas; Kalay Yehuda, Lesage Annemarie, Perez Edgar
year	2011
title	Comparing Immersion in Remote and Local Collaborative Ideation Through Sketches: a Case Study
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 25-40.
summary	Sketches are used in design to support ideation, communication, and collaboration because of their intuitiveness, abstraction, ambiguity and inaccuracy. Design collaboration using freehand sketches is possible through whiteboard software on the Internet. Designers can co-design and share design referents through these tools while adding gestures and expressions using web cams. Freehand sketching using whiteboard software retains the same proportion and scale problems as traditional sketching on paper, but adds digital behaviour (pen tablet display, undo, etc.) and the ability to share sketches in real time with a remote design team. Still, designers are not immersed in their representations. Moreover, such representations can include errors because designers work without reference to real-life perspective views. We developed a system, called the Hybrid Ideation Space (HIS) that allows designers to be immersed in their freehand sketches. The system supports local and remote collaboration, allowing designers to be literally inside their life sized, real time representations, while sharing them with remote collaborators who use another HIS. This paper presents a case study comparing the HIS to conventional whiteboard software (Vyew™) in a context of local and remote design collaboration on two landscape architecture projects. Two multidisciplinary teams worked on the first steps of two ad-hoc projects. The goal was to make an initial observation of the impact of immersion and see if it delivers benefits to collaborative ideation. Two methodological tools supported the study: the Design Flow for the experience that includes the NASA TLX to measure the workload, and the Collaborative Ideation Loop (CI-Loop) for design collaboration.
keywords	Collaboration, ideation, immersion, sketches, whiteboard
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia11_216
id	acadia11_216
authors	Dorta, Tomás; Kalay, Yehuda; Lesage, Annemarie; Pérez, Edgar
year	2011
title	Comparing Immersion in Collaborative Ideation through Design Conversations, Workload and Experience
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.216
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 216-225
summary	This paper presents a case study comparing the HIS (Hybrid Ideation Space), a system allowing designers to be physically immersed in their sketches and physical models, and Vyew™, a whiteboard software, in local and remote design collaboration; aiming to see if immersion benefits collaborative ideation. Three methodological tools were used: Design Conversations (Collaborative Ideation Loop “CI-Loop”, Collaborative Conversations “CC” and Collaborative Moving “CM”), Workload using NASA TLX and Design Flow for the designers’ experience. Local collaboration results appear to have benefited from immersion while remote results were mitigated by participant issues. However, looking deeper into users’ experience explains the impact of immersion.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia11_162
id	acadia11_162
authors	Payne, Andrew
year	2011
title	A Five-axis Robotic Motion Controller for Designers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.162
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 162-169
summary	This paper proposes the use of a new set of software tools, called Firefly, paired with a low-cost five-axis robotic motion controller. This serves as a new means for customized tool path creation, realtime evaluation of parametric designs using forward kinematic robotic simulations, and direct output of the programming language (RAPID code) used to control ABB industrial robots. Firefly bridges the gap between Grasshopper, a visual programming editor that runs within the Rhinoceros 3D CAD application, and physical programmable microcontrollers like the Arduino; enabling realtime data flow between the digital and physical worlds. The custom-made robotic motion controller is a portable digitizing arm designed to have the same joint and axis configuration as the ABB-IRB 140 industrial robot, enabling direct conversion of the digitized information into robotic movements. Using this tangible controller and the underlying parametric interface, this paper presents an improved workflow which directly addresses the shortfalls of multifunctional robots and enables wider adoption of the tools by architects and designers.
keywords	robotics; CAD/CAM; firefly; direct fabrication; digitizing arm
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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