CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ijac20119405
id ijac20119405
authors Koi Khoo, Chin; Flora Salim and Jane Burry
year 2011
title Designing Architectural Morphing Skins with Elastic Modular Systems
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 4, 379-419
summary This paper discusses the issues of designing architectural skins that can be physically morphed to adapt to changing needs.To achieve this architectural vision, designers have focused on developing mechanical joints, components, and systems for actuation and kinetic transformation. However, the unexplored approach of using lightweight elastic form-changing materials provides an opportunity for designing responsive architectural skins and skeletons with fewer mechanical operations. This research aims to develop elastic modular systems that can be applied as a second skin or brise-soleil to existing buildings.The use of the second skin has the potential to allow existing buildings to perform better in various climatic conditions and to provide a visually compelling skin.This approach is evaluated through three design experiments with prototypes, namely Tent, Curtain and Blind, to serve two fundamental purposes: Comfort and Communication.These experimental prototypes explore the use of digital and physical computation embedded in form-changing materials to design architectural morphing skins that manipulate sunlight and act as responsive shading devices.
series journal
last changed 2019/07/30 10:55

_id acadia12_47
id acadia12_47
authors Aish, Robert ; Fisher, Al ; Joyce, Sam ; Marsh, Andrew
year 2012
title Progress Towards Multi-Criteria Design Optimisation Using Designscript With Smart Form, Robot Structural Analysis and Ecotect Building Performance Analysis"
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.047
source ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 47-56
summary Important progress towards the development of a system that enables multi-criteria design optimisation has recently been demonstrated during a research collaboration between Autodesk’s DesignScript development team, the University of Bath and the engineering consultancy Buro Happold. This involved integrating aspects of the Robot Structural Analysis application, aspects of the Ecotect building performance application and a specialist form finding solver called SMART Form (developed by Buro Happold) with DesignScript to create a single computation environment. This environment is intended for the generation and evaluation of building designs against both structural and building performance criteria, with the aim of expediently supporting computational optimisation and decision making processes that integrate across multiple design and engineering disciplines. A framework was developed to enable the integration of modeling environments with analysis and process control, based on the authors’ case studies and experience of applied performance driven design in practice. This more generalised approach (implemented in DesignScript) enables different designers and engineers to selectively configure geometry definition, form finding, analysis and simulation tools in an open-ended system without enforcing any predefined workflows or anticipating specific design strategies and allows for a full range of optimisation and decision making processes to be explored. This system has been demonstrated to practitioners during the Design Modeling Symposium, Berlin in 2011 and feedback from this has suggested further development.
keywords Design Optimisation , Scripting , Form Finding , Structural Analysis , Building Performance
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2011_117
id ecaade2011_117
authors Albayrak, Canan; Tunçer, Bige
year 2011
title Performative architecture as a guideline for transformation: Defense Line of Amsterdam
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.501
source RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.501-510
summary Performance as an architectural design paradigm has been emerging during the recent years. We have developed an understanding that we formalized as a taxonomy for performative architecture that considers performance from three points of view: health, safety and security performance; functional and efficiency performance; and psychological, social, cultural, and esthetic performance. This paper focuses on a design project that explores these ideas as a performative architecture proposal. The project focuses on the architectural transformation of the Defense Line of Amsterdam, 41 forts, as a green belt. This transformation considers a holistic approach of defining a general method and guideline. We developed a series of parametric models for the definition and generation of designs. The first model computes an urbanization level for each fort. Consequently, models are developed in 4 stages: regional design, urban design, building design, and production of a scale model, and these are applied in an iterative manner to reach design outcomes for the project.
wos WOS:000335665500058
keywords Performative architecture; performance evaluation; taxonomy; parametric modeling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/05/01 23:21

_id sigradi2011_282
id sigradi2011_282
authors Alcantara Brod, Gustavo; Borda Almeida da Silva, Adriane; Freitas Pires, Janice
year 2011
title Anamorfose na Praça: Um Encontro do Real e do Virtual [Anamorphosis in the square: the real meets the virtual]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 131-134
summary This paper describes the process of creating anamorphic projection using digital tools in order to apply this technique to full color images that can then be printed and applied onto a surface. The experiment was done as an installation in the main square of the city of Pelotas - RS, intended to explore the perception of three-dimensional illusion produced by anamorphosis and verify the reaction of the general public while they experience the unusual view of the historic building in front of them.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id cf2011_p127
id cf2011_p127
authors Benros, Deborah; Granadeiro Vasco, Duarte Jose, Knight Terry
year 2011
title Integrated Design and Building System for the Provision of Customized Housing: the Case of Post-Earthquake Haiti
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 247-264.
summary The paper proposes integrated design and building systems for the provision of sustainable customized housing. It advances previous work by applying a methodology to generate these systems from vernacular precedents. The methodology is based on the use of shape grammars to derive and encode a contemporary system from the precedents. The combined set of rules can be applied to generate housing solutions tailored to specific user and site contexts. The provision of housing to shelter the population affected by the 2010 Haiti earthquake illustrates the application of the methodology. A computer implementation is currently under development in C# using the BIM platform provided by Revit. The world experiences a sharp increase in population and a strong urbanization process. These phenomena call for the development of effective means to solve the resulting housing deficit. The response of the informal sector to the problem, which relies mainly on handcrafted processes, has resulted in an increase of urban slums in many of the big cities, which lack sanitary and spatial conditions. The formal sector has produced monotonous environments based on the idea of mass production that one size fits all, which fails to meet individual and cultural needs. We propose an alternative approach in which mass customization is used to produce planed environments that possess qualities found in historical settlements. Mass customization, a new paradigm emerging due to the technological developments of the last decades, combines the economy of scale of mass production and the aesthetics and functional qualities of customization. Mass customization of housing is defined as the provision of houses that respond to the context in which they are built. The conceptual model for the mass customization of housing used departs from the idea of a housing type, which is the combined result of three systems (Habraken, 1988) -- spatial, building system, and stylistic -- and it includes a design system, a production system, and a computer system (Duarte, 2001). In previous work, this conceptual model was tested by developing a computer system for existing design and building systems (Benr__s and Duarte, 2009). The current work advances it by developing new and original design, building, and computer systems for a particular context. The urgent need to build fast in the aftermath of catastrophes quite often overrides any cultural concerns. As a result, the shelters provided in such circumstances are indistinct and impersonal. However, taking individual and cultural aspects into account might lead to a better identification of the population with their new environment, thereby minimizing the rupture caused in their lives. As the methodology to develop new housing systems is based on the idea of architectural precedents, choosing existing vernacular housing as a precedent permits the incorporation of cultural aspects and facilitates an identification of people with the new housing. In the Haiti case study, we chose as a precedent a housetype called “gingerbread houses”, which includes a wide range of houses from wealthy to very humble ones. Although the proposed design system was inspired by these houses, it was decided to adopt a contemporary take. The methodology to devise the new type was based on two ideas: precedents and transformations in design. In architecture, the use of precedents provides designers with typical solutions for particular problems and it constitutes a departing point for a new design. In our case, the precedent is an existing housetype. It has been shown (Duarte, 2001) that a particular housetype can be encoded by a shape grammar (Stiny, 1980) forming a design system. Studies in shape grammars have shown that the evolution of one style into another can be described as the transformation of one shape grammar into another (Knight, 1994). The used methodology departs takes off from these ideas and it comprises the following steps (Duarte, 2008): (1) Selection of precedents, (2) Derivation of an archetype; (3) Listing of rules; (4) Derivation of designs; (5) Cataloguing of solutions; (6) Derivation of tailored solution.
keywords Mass customization, Housing, Building system, Sustainable construction, Life cycle energy consumption, Shape grammar
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id sigradi2011_350
id sigradi2011_350
authors Borda, Adriane; Pires, Janice; de Vasconcelos, Tássia; dos Santos Nunes, Cristiane
year 2011
title Trajetórias de Aprendizagem em Representação Gráfica Digital [Learning in Paths Digital Graphic Representation]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 167-170
summary This paper describes a process of delimitation of learning trajectories in Digital Graphic Representation, for training in architecture. These paths are configured by an exercises sequence of representation of architectural works, selected so as to contemplate broader concepts and techniques possible in terms of formal settings. From the provision of learning materials are being promoted moments of ownership of digital techniques of representation, incorporating educational objectives of the disciplines of Design, Architecture and Computer Science Applied to Geometry.
keywords Learning paths; digital graphics representation; architectural works; teaching materials
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2011_172
id sigradi2011_172
authors Castañé, Dora; Tessier, Carlos
year 2011
title Estrategias Implementales en la Investigación Patrimonial. 3 casos de modelos urbanos digitales [Implementales strategies in the heritage research. 3 Cases of digital urban models]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 86-89
summary This paper shows 3 digital models implemented in two research product of a team of researchers of CONICET, CEDODAL projects who have been developing various annual proposals. The objective of this work is to show the implementales strategies used in each case. With the digital technological tools of three-dimensional modelling and its interfaces from spatial databases with different levels of complexity representational 2d-3d-4 d-5 d, applied to the recognition and research of this cultural and urban architectural heritage. Who allowed to store and retrieve information in multiple formats with a diversity of views to the review and analysis.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

_id sigradi2011_423
id sigradi2011_423
authors Chiarella, Mauro; Dalla Costa, Matias
year 2011
title Patrones Generativos Dinámicos (URDIR.Lab). Estrategias proyectuales paramétricas simples para el ejercicio profesional cotidiano [Dynamic Generative Patterns (URDIR.Lab). Simple Parametric Design Strategies for Everyday Practice]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 210-214
summary The international architecture of the past decade adds parametric design to the project as a new variable dynamic strategy in the design process. Generative patterns meet a way of achieving parameterization from the computational geometry. The experimental developments of URDIR.Lab (FADU-UNL) group, ranges from: the current projective exercises with dynamic materials and forms to the development of simple formulas applied to everyday practice. The proposed challenge is to merge the local available technological resources - pre-industrial and industrial - with the ideation systems of post-industrial technologies.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

_id acadiaregional2011_031
id acadiaregional2011_031
authors Christenson, Mike
year 2011
title Parametric Variation Revealing Architectural Untranslatability
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.c8q
source Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
summary This paper describes a recently concluded graduate seminar which tested how form-generative design tactics of algorithmic work could be productively brought to bear on the conceptual analysis of existing buildings. The seminar did not seek to optimize performance or aesthetic value but simply to query the mechanics and consequences of translation as an act. Seminar participants mined existing buildings as sources for parametric rule-sets which were subsequently applied to varying media fields (e. g., physical materials, text, and graphics). This application revealed that specific media resist certain kinds of translation. This peculiar resistance suggested that characteristics of architecture exist which might broadly be called untranslatable.
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id cf2011_p147
id cf2011_p147
authors Erbas, Irem; Bittermann Michael, Stouffs Rudi
year 2011
title Use of a Knowledge Model for Integrated Performance Evaluation for Housing (re)design Towards Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study
source Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 281-296.
summary This paper focuses on the development of a knowledge model in the context of energy efficiency and indoor climate interventions, their impacts on each other and on architectural design preferences (for instance architectural expression or any spatial functionality aspect) via an existing house case study. In addition, it attempts to discuss how this type of model can be a reference for a decision support tool and be applied to the (re)design of dwellings. The model is considered to provide an integral knowledge base for the design professional both to evaluate existing designs and to use it as a support during design and decision making in order to reach the best possible solution, with optimal performance in terms of indoor comfort, energy-efficiency and overall design performance. In other words, its aim is to enable the assessment of the performance of the end result with respect to design choices, beforehand. In this paper, design performance is modeled by means of fuzzy logic operations. It is a method to deal with subjective and vague requirements such as low energy consumption, low overheating risk, high comfort, etc. The method of intelligent information processing is explained and a partial application is presented.
keywords energy efficiency, indoor comfort, design decision support, knowledge modeling, performance evaluation
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2012/02/11 19:21

_id ecaade2011_077
id ecaade2011_077
authors Ettlinger, Or
year 2011
title The Perceptual, the Virtual, and the Real: On the experience of place in the digital age
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.925
source RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.925-932
summary Since the dawn of philosophical thought man has questioned the validity of his experience of the world around him: Is the world just as we perceive it to be, or does its true essence lie beyond our reach? In our own time, technological, social, and economic developments have made such philosophical concerns more relevant to our everyday lives than ever before. However, the available terminology for discussing such matters is often too limited to fully capture their nature. This paper proposes a consistent terminology for the discussion of such matters and suggests a model of the different aspects from which they are comprised. This terminology will be applied to, as well as presented through, issues that are pertinent to architectural theory, to the experience of places, and to the intangible sense of place which digital phenomena can sometimes provide.
wos WOS:000335665500106
keywords Architectural theory; media theory; perceptual; virtual; real
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/05/01 23:21

_id sigradi2011_222
id sigradi2011_222
authors Faria Lopes, Pedro; Reis, Joaquim; Santos, Filipe; Eloy, Sara; Paio, Alexandra; Rato, Vasco
year 2011
title Shaping emergent cities for all
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 107-109
summary This paper describes work in progress in the area of producing affordable housing to underprivileged populations living in slums. This project is being developed recurring to a Shape Grammar approach, using a direct input strategy targeted to the common user with non digital expertise. The diversity of solutions are to be applied to three case studies in Mozambique, Angola and Brazil.
keywords Interface design; shape grammar; agents; housing
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:51

_id sigradi2011_060
id sigradi2011_060
authors Fonseca, David; Navarro, Isidro; Puig, Janina
year 2011
title Códigos QR aplicados a la visualización de elementos arquitectónicos [QR Codes applied to architectural visualization ]
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 548-551
summary In recent years it has popularized the use of two-dimensional codes associated with all types of information. Usually we can find them in advertisements, receipts and all kinds of tickets, but also they can have good use in teaching. The architecture is a field that has incorporated its use especially in aspects related to leisure and tourism. The research presented in this paper seeks the introduction of QR codes in an active way in architectural education, with the optimization of all type of information associated to each type of user and projects.
keywords QR-Codes; architecture; education; visualization; user profile
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id caadria2013_043
id caadria2013_043
authors Freitas, Márcia Regina de and Regina Coeli Ruschel
year 2013
title What is Happening to Virtual and Augmented Reality Applied to Architecture?
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.407
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 407-416
summary This paper presents the results of a comprehensive survey of activities on research and development of Virtual and Augmented Reality applied to architecture. 200 papers were reviewed, taken from annual conferences of the Association for Computer Aided Design In Architecture (ACADIA) and its sibling organizations in Europe (ECAADE and CAAD Futures), Asia (CAADRIA), the Middle East (ASCAAD) and South America (SIGRADI). The papers were grouped in research areas (design method, architectural theory and history, performance evaluation, human interaction, representation and process & management), emphasis (education, application, collaboration, visualization, practice and theory) and technology development stage (specification, development, application demonstration and evaluation). The period of study comprises 11 years, from 2000 to 2011. Findings for each category are described and key publications and authors are identified.  
wos WOS:000351496100040
keywords Virtual reality, Augmented reality, Study of activity 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2011_044
id ecaade2011_044
authors Gallas, Mohamed Anis; Bur, Didier; Halin, Gilles
year 2011
title A “green design” method to integrate daylight in the early phase of the design process: The use of intentions knowledge base to generate solutions
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.309
source RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.309-317
summary In order to assist the designer to integrate the daylight on the early steps of the design process, we propose a computer aided method that uses designer intentions to generate potential solutions materializing these intentions. The early evaluation of the energetic implications of the generated solutions helps designers to think about a green way of design. An intentions knowledge base is created to characterize the designer intentions and to provide the necessary information to make possible the solution generation process. The intentions features will be characterized at different levels and will use the concept of indices and parameters. The parameter values will be defined by analysing the simulation results of different spatial configurations applied on a parametrical model.
wos WOS:000335665500035
keywords Daylight integration; early phase; assistance method; intentions knowledge base
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/05/01 23:21

_id caadria2011_068
id caadria2011_068
authors Garagnani, Simone
year 2011
title Packing the “Chinese box”: A strategy to manage knowledge using architectural digital models
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.717
source Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 717-726
summary The architectural design activity has been transformed due to technological advances in building knowledge management. The research proposed is based on a three years long Ph.D. work on 3D models intended as graphical informative systems, layered according to the “Chinese box” paradigm and destined to professionals and researchers in architecture. The applied case study is referred to San Vitale’s church in Ravenna, Italy: the monument was investigated through nested digital models produced by different computer programs. Passing through evolutionary steps identified as synthesis, reduction and projection, the resulting archive lowered its Complication Ratio, a numerical value inspired by fractal’s auto-similarity, indicating a recursive modification in morphologies and contents. Models so conceived are qualified as progressive knowledge-based catalogues easily interchangeable and useful to understand how new or existing architectures work. As a result of this approach, representations obtained with surveys, historical chronicles, light analysis and acoustic simulations were composed following gradual refinements: technical data were collected running parallel to bibliographic research, enriching interactive virtual models sprung from a recursive criterion destined to increase the information enclosed into an undivided, lossless, digital archive.
keywords 3D modelling; virtual architecture; BIM; CAAD; information database
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id sigradi2011_193
id sigradi2011_193
authors Garagnani, Simone; Mingucci, Roberto
year 2011
title A.I.M. Informative Archives for architectural renovation
source SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 94-97
summary The information technology applied to the architectural surveys makes the environment documentation pos- sible through multimedia data, which can be processed using a "Multimedia Informative Archive" (A.I.M.), designed for Institutions interested in cultural heritage preservation. An A.I.M. system can manage analytical information embedded into digital databases, referencing a visual exploration path to several technical data, documenting the context in which a monument, or an historical building, is placed. The framework can be ported to mobile devices in order to allow a wide number of data gathering stations, connected to the same central archive, making easier browsing and storing architectural information.
keywords Digital 3D modeling; architectural information technology; virtual heritage documentation; multimedial building database; immersive data modeling
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id acadiaregional2011_013
id acadiaregional2011_013
authors Griffiths, Jason
year 2011
title Digital Haptic –Learning from K-Zell.
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.d2n
source Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
summary This paper describes a fabrication-centric studio as one example of the combination of digital and analogue design practice. It suggests that this combination, when applied to the constraints of a finite project, overcomes “mutual exclusivity” in favor of mutual dependence. It posits this scenario as a pedagogical model for upper division undergraduate learning.
series ACADIA
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ijac20119408
id ijac20119408
authors Holzer, Dominik
year 2011
title BIM’s Seven Deadly Sins
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 4, 463-480
summary This paper aims at exposing seven prevailing problems that have emerged in the uptake of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in design practice.The paper provides a reality check between an idealistic view on BIM and the way it is currently applied in daily use. In order to reflect on the issues at hand, the author draws from three years of doctoral research in multidisciplinary design collaboration, followed by more than two years experience as Design Technology director in a large scale architecture practice. In addition to the above, his current role as the chair of the BIM and IPD Steering Group of the Australian Institute of Architects and Consult Australia exposes the author to a broad range of cultural implications of BIM.The findings presented here illustrate that, despite major advances in the development of BIM, there are predominantly cultural roadblocks to its implementation in practice.
series journal
last changed 2019/07/30 10:55

_id ecaade2015_ws-robowood
id ecaade2015_ws-robowood
authors Hornung, Philipp; Johannes Braumann, Reinhold Krobath, Sigrid Brell-Cokcan and Georg Glaeser
year 2015
title Robotic Woodcraft: Creating Tools for Digital Design and Fabrication
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.033
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 33-36
summary Robotic Woodcraft is a transdisciplinary, arts-based investigation into robotic arms at the University for Applied Arts Vienna. Bringing together the craftsmen of the Department for Wood Technology, the geometers of the Department for Arts and Technology, the young industrial design office Lucy.D and the roboticists of the Association for Robots in Architecture, the research project explores new approaches on how to couple high-tech robotic arms with high-end wood fabrication. In the eCAADe workshop, participants are introduced to KUKA|prc (parametric robot control, Braumann and Brell-Cokcan, 2011) and shown approaches on how to create their own digital fabrication tools for customized fabrication processes involving wood.
wos WOS:000372316000004
keywords Robotic woodcraft; Arts-based research; Robotic fabrication; Visual programming; Parametric robot control
series eCAADe
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

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