Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p135
id	cf2011_p135
authors	Chen Rui, Irene; Schnabel Marc Aurel
year	2011
title	Multi-touch - the future of design interaction
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 557-572.
summary	The next major revolution for design is to bring the natural user interaction into design activities. Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) brought a new approach that was more effective compared to their conventional predecessors. In recent years, Natural User Interfaces (NUI) have advanced user experiences and multi-touch and gesture technologies provide new opportunities for a variety of potential uses in design. Much attention has been paid to leverage in the design of interactive interfaces. The mouse input and desktop screen metaphors limit the information sharing for multiple users and also delayed the direct interaction for communication between each other. This paper proposes the innovative method by integrating game engine ‘Unity3D’ with multi-touch tangible interfaces. Unity3D provides a game development tool as part of its application package that has been designed to let users to focus on creating new games. However, it does not limit the usage of area to design additional game scenarios since the benefits of Unity3D is allowing users to build 3D environments with its customizable and easy to use editor, graphical pipelines to openGL (http://unity3d.com/, 2010 ). It creates Virtual Reality (VR) environments which can simulates places in the real world, as well as the virtual environments helping architects and designers to vividly represent their design concepts through 3D visualizations, and interactive media installations in a detailed multi-sensory experience. Stereoscopic displays advanced their spatial ability while solving issues to design e.g. urban spaces. The paper presents how a multi-touch tabletop can be used for these design collaboration and communication tasks. By using natural gestures, designers can now communicate and share their ideas by manipulating the same reference simultaneously using their own input simultaneously. Further studies showed that 3Dl forms are perceived and understood more readily through haptic and proprioceptive perception of tangible representations than through visual representation alone (Gillet et al, 2005). Based on the authors’ framework presented at the last CAADFutures, the benefits of integrating 3D visualization and tactile sensory can be illustrated in this platform (Chen and Wang, 2009), For instance, more than one designer can manipulate the 3D geometry objects on tabletop directly and can communicate successfully their ideas freely without having to waiting for the next person response. It made the work more effective which increases the overall efficiency. Designers can also collect the real-time data by any change they make instantly. The possibilities of Uniy3D make designing very flexible and fun, it is deeply engaging and expressive. Furthermore, the unity3D is revolutionizing the game development industry, its breakthrough development platform for creating highly interactive 3D content on the web (http://unity3d.com/ , 2010) or similar to the interface of modern multimedia devices such as the iPhone, therefore it allows the designers to work remotely in a collaborative way to integrate the design process by using the individual mobile devices while interacting design in a common platform. In design activities, people create an external representation of a domain, often of their own ideas and understanding. This platform helps learners to make their ideas concrete and explicit, and once externalized, subsequently they reflect upon their work how well it sits the real situation. The paper demonstrates how this tabletop innovatively replaces the typical desktop metaphor. In summary, the paper addresses two major issues through samples of collaborative design: firstly presenting aspects of learners’ interactions with physical objects, whereby tangible interfaces enables them constructing expressive representations passively (Marshall, 2007), while focussing on other tasks; and secondly showing how this novel design tool allows designers to actively create constructions that might not be possible with conventional media.
keywords	Multi-touch tabletop, Tangible User Interface
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	eaea2009_kardos_plachtinska
id	eaea2009_kardos_plachtinska
authors	Kardos, Peter; Petra Plachtinska
year	2011
title	Spatial Experience in Real & Virtual Environment as an Urban Design Tool
source	Projecting Spaces [Proceedings of the 9th European Architectural Endoscopy Association Conference / ISBN 978-3-942411-31-8 ], pp. 59-64
summary	The innovations of information technologies and the new possibilities of multimedia exploitation in the realm of architectural design and education are supporting the development of image communication methods on the basis of interactivity. The creative process of searching and decision-making in the urban design studio of our Faculty is supported by spatial modeling methods. The draft is sketched in modeling material on a working model. From the didactic point of view, relevant are mainly those phases, in which is possible, in the imaginative way, to support the searching and decision making process with the aim to test, compare and continuously evaluate the fulfillment of the hypothetic intentions of the solution responsibilities. The model becomes an interactive medium of cooperation between teacher and the working group of students. From the view of design crystallization, the dominant phases, in the creative process, are examining, verification, and simulation. The alternatives of material-compositional content and the spatial performance charts of modeled physical structure are verifying and the visual experience of the anticipated urban environment is simulated by the author, but also through the future client’s eyes. The alternation of the composition’s spatial configurations is generally appreciated by the static visual verification in the endoscopic horizon like the architectural spatial studies. The effective method of the progress generates a creative atmosphere for the generative thinking and design. The laboratory simulation of spatial experiences and their evaluation is performed following the perception psychology relations. The simulation of digestion of the new spatial reality intervenes the customer’s identification and guides to subjective approaches towards the quality and complexity of the formed environment. The simulation is performed in motion in order to be able to anticipate the dynamic continuity of subjective spatial imagination. The induced atmosphere will direct the evaluational attitudes of authors on comparison and selection of the successful alternatives. In our fee, we will present the demonstrations of selected static and dynamic notations of image sequences prepared in our laboratory. The presentations have been created in order to analyze, verify and offer imaginative support to creative findings in result of fulfilling the studio design tasks in the educational process. The main one is the design of urban spatial structures. The laboratory methodology is in the first place oriented on the analogue-digital procedures of "endoscope" model simulation. At the same time it also explores and looks for new unconventional forms of visual communication or archiving as imagination support to specialist and laymen participants in creative, valorization and approval processes.
series	other
more	http://info.tuwien.ac.at/eaea
last changed	2011/03/04 08:45

_id	sigradi2011_111
id	sigradi2011_111
authors	Giordano, Ruben; Osella, Monica; Pieragostini Patricia
year	2011
title	De la Esfera al Laberinto. Enseñanza del Diseño con Integración de las Tecnologías de la Comunicación y la Información [From the sphere to the labyrinth.Teaching Design Integrating Communication and Information Technologies]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 419-423
summary	The document highlights the results attain in the integration of analog and digital resources for updating the learning workshop of architectural project. The importance of this development is manifested as an achievement, considering the diversity of elements involved in methodological convergence, which combines abstract algorithms with sensory experiences and promoting the transformation of the physical setting of the workshop in an analog-digital environment, which extends significantly the horizons of the experiment carried out by the students. The text also outlines the theoretical foundations, the tools used, the procedures, the stages and a conclusion as a provisional assessment of the results.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:52

_id	ascaad2023_091
id	ascaad2023_091
authors	Haddad, Naif
year	2023
title	From Digital Heritage Documentation to 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Recreation for Heritage Promotion and Reinterpretation: The Case of the iHeritage Project
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 7-23.
summary	In the last two decades, the digital age Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) development and concerns combined with rapid technology have permitted the dissemination of different digital applications (including digital documentation, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), digital gaming, and holograms etc.) oriented toward past, present and future communication using digital three-dimensional audio-visual content. Today, we must acknowledge that 3D virtual 3D reconstruction and recreation has become an established way to build, understand, reinterpret, and promote Cultural Heritage (CH). The virtual 3D reconstruction world and multimedia industry are often considered potential marketing channels for World Heritage Sites (WHS) and heritage tourism. 3D digital/virtual reconstruction merges and embodies subjectivity in one process, playing an attractive role in heritage tourism destinations and creating image experiences, providing the first enjoyable interpretation and information for most audiences. Based on the EU-funded iHERITAGE project ICT Mediterranean platform for the UNESCO CH, this paper attempts to examine some insights into constructing the optimistic image of heritage promotion and tourism in the context of CH as it flows through both physical and virtual spaces to give a glimpse of the future of virtual reconstruction. It illustrates the development of the concepts and practice, challenges and opportunities, advantages and disadvantages, and the negative and the positive sides of the related issues of only 3D digital reconstructions, and some issues concerning the ethics based on the International Chartres and Conventions mainly in the field of scientific visualisation, such as the London Charter (2009) and Seville Principles (2011). Finally, as a practical dimension, it presents some representative examples of 3D digital/virtual reconstruction of characteristic monuments of the WHS of Nabataean Petra in Jordan for the first time.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	cf2011_p115
id	cf2011_p115
authors	Pohl, Ingrid; Hirschberg Urs
year	2011
title	Sensitive Voxel - A reactive tangible surface
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 525-538.
summary	Haptic and tactile sensations, the active or passive exploration of our built surroundings through our sense of touch, give us a direct feeling and detailed information of space, a sense of architecture (Pallasmaa 2005). This paper presents the prototype of a reactive surface system, which focuses its output on the sense of touch. It explains how touch sensations influence the perception of architecture and discusses potential applications that might arise from such systems in the future. A growing number of projects demonstrate the strong impact of interaction design on the human senses and perception. They offer new ways of sensing and experiencing architectural space. But the majority of these interaction concepts focus on visual and auditory output-effects. The sense of touch is typically used as an input generator, but neglected as as a potential receiver of stimuli. With all the possibilities of sensors and micro-devices available nowadays, there is no longer a technical reason for this. It is possible to explore a much wider range of sense responding projects, to broaden the horizon of sensitive interaction concepts (Bullivant 2006). What if the surfaces of our surroundings can actively change the way it feels to touch them? What if things like walls and furniture get the ability to interactively respond to our touch? What new dimensions of communication and esthetic experience will open up when we conceive of tangibility in this bi-directional way? This paper presents a prototype system aimed at exploring these very questions. The prototype consists of a grid of tangible embedded cells, each one combining three kinds of actuators to produce divergent touch stimuli. All cells can be individually controlled from an interactive computer program. By providing a layering of different combinations and impulse intensities, the grid structure enables altering patterns of actuation. Thus it can be employed to explore a sort of individual touch aesthetic, for which - in order to differentiate it from established types of aesthetic experiences - we have created the term 'Euhaptics' (from the Greek ŒµœÖ = good and Œ¨œÄœÑœâ = touch, finger). The possibility to mix a wide range of actuators leads to blending options of touch stimuli. The sense of touch has an expanded perception- spectrum, which can be exploited by this technically embedded superposition. The juxtaposed arrangement of identical multilayered cell-units offers blending and pattern effects of different touch-stimuli. It reveals an augmented form of interaction with surfaces and interactive material structures. The combination of impulses does not need to be fixed a priori; it can be adjusted during the process of use. Thus the sensation of touch can be made personally unique in its qualities. The application on architectural shapes and surfaces allows the user to feel the sensations in a holistic manner ‚Äì potentially on the entire body. Hence the various dimensions of touch phenomena on the skin can be explored through empirical investigations by the prototype construction. The prototype system presented in the paper is limited in size and resolution, but its functionality suggests various directions of further development. In architectural applications, this new form of overlay may lead to create augmented environments that let inhabitants experience multimodal touch sensations. By interactively controlling the sensual patterns, such environments could get a unique ‚Äútouch‚Äù for every person that inhabit them. But there may be further applications that go beyond the interactive configuration of comfort, possibly opening up new forms of communication for handicapped people or applications in medical and therapeutic fields (Grunwald 2001). The well-known influence of touch- sensations on human psychological processes and moreover their bodily implications suggest that there is a wide scope of beneficial utilisations yet to be investigated.
keywords	Sensitive Voxel- A reactive tangible surface
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	sigradi2011_290
id	sigradi2011_290
authors	Azevedo de Oliveira, Fabiana Mabel
year	2011
title	Redes sociotécnicas: a concepção de uma interface [Sociotechnical network: design of an interface]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 568-570
summary	This paper aims to examine the forms of representation of the processes of creation of Web interfaces for platforms. Its origin is associated with a proposal that understands the new communications technologies, specifically the Internet, and the possibility of formation of a sociotechnical network, as a tool to expand the ways of social interaction (Egler, 2007). Increasing access to information and communication, making the process more open, redefining the relationships and social exchanges, and allowing its mediation by digital processes.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	cf2011_p157
id	cf2011_p157
authors	Boton, Conrad; Kubicki Sylvain, Halin Gilles
year	2011
title	Understanding Pre-Construction Simulation Activities to Adapt Visualization in 4D CAD Collaborative Tools
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 477-492.
summary	Increasing productivity and efficiency is an important issue in the AEC field. This area is mainly characterized by fragmentation, heterogeneous teams with low lifetimes and many uncertainties. 4D CAD is one of the greatest innovations in recent years. It consists in linking a 3D model of the building with the works planning in order to simulate the construction evolution over time. 4D CAD can fill several needs from design to project management through constructivity analysis and tasks planning (Tommelein 2003). The literature shows that several applications have been proposed to improve the 4D CAD use (Chau et al. 2004; Lu et al. 2007; Seok & al. 2009). In addition, studies have shown the real impact of 4D CAD use in construction projects (Staub-French & Khanzode 2007; Dawood & Sika 2007). More recently, Mahalingam et al. (2010) showed that the collaborative use of 4D CAD is particularly useful during the pre-construction phase for comparing the constructability of working methods, for visually identifying conflicts and clashes (overlaps), and as visual tool for practitioners to discuss and to plan project progress. So the advantage of the 4D CAD collaborative use is demonstrated. Moreover, several studies have been conducted both in the scientific community and in the industrial world to improve it (Zhou et al. 2009; Kang et al. 2007). But an important need that remains in collaborative 4D CAD use in construction projects is about the adaptation of visualization to the users business needs. Indeed, construction projects have very specific characteristics (fragmentation, variable team, different roles from one project to another). Moreover, in the AEC field several visualization techniques can represent the same concept and actors choose one or another of these techniques according to their specific needs related to the task they have to perform. For example, the tasks planning may be represented by a Gantt chart or by a PERT network and the building elements can be depicted with a 3D model or a 2D plan. The classical view (3D + Gantt) proposed to all practitioners in the available 4D tools seems therefore not suiting the needs of all. So, our research is based on the hypothesis that adapting the visualization to individual business needs could significantly improve the collaboration. This work relies on previous ones and aim to develop a method 1) to choose the best suited views for performed tasks and 2) to compose adapted multiple views for each actor, that we call ‚Äúbusiness views‚Äù. We propose a 4 steps-method to compose business views. The first step identifies the users‚Äô business needs, defining the individual practices performed by each actor, identifying his business tasks and his information needs. The second step identifies the visualization needs related to the identified business needs. For this purpose, the user‚Äôs interactions and visualization tasks are described. This enables choosing the most appropriate visualization techniques for each need (step 3). At this step, it is important to describe the visualization techniques and to be able to compare them. Therefore, we proposed a business view metamodel. The final step (step 4) selects the adapted views, defines the coordination mechanisms and the interaction principles in order to compose coordinated visualizations. A final step consists in a validation work to ensure that the composed views really match to the described business needs. This paper presents the latest version of the method and especially presents our latest works about its first and second steps. These include making more generic the business tasks description in order to be applicable within most of construction projects and enabling to make correspondence with visualization tasks.
keywords	Pre-construction, Simulation, 4D CAD, Collaboration, Computer Supported Cooperative Work, Human-Computer Interface, Information visualization, Business view, Model driven engineering
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadiaregional2011_032
id	acadiaregional2011_032
authors	Castellano, Devan
year	2011
title	Humanizing Parametricism
source	Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.d3g
summary	As we increase the complexity and correlations of variables that are critical to the design of a project, we are becoming increasingly aware of the possibilities emerging from a computer integrated design process. There is such great opportunity to use these tools to manage and analyze multi variable design information, yet there is still much criticism of the design solutions created from computational design. These design solutions have been said to be “lacking any character, cultural influence, human engagement, or communication” and that “most of our contemporary architecture has forsaken this dimension of architectural discourse and it’s potential for exceptional spaces.” The current focus of computational investigation is primarily limited to building performance and optimization. Buildings that are designed from a purely optimizational construct without acknowledging the users desires and needs are falling short in creating “places”. Optimization can be the end result, but the constructs that are being optimized must be broadened to address all facets of a project. Computational design has emerged because it has the capacity to resolve multiple constraints and deal with extreme complexity of variables. By optimizing a more holistic set of constraints, computational architecture can truly provide comprehensive design solutions.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	cf2011_p033
id	cf2011_p033
authors	Dorta, Tomas; Kalay Yehuda, Lesage Annemarie, Perez Edgar
year	2011
title	Comparing Immersion in Remote and Local Collaborative Ideation Through Sketches: a Case Study
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 25-40.
summary	Sketches are used in design to support ideation, communication, and collaboration because of their intuitiveness, abstraction, ambiguity and inaccuracy. Design collaboration using freehand sketches is possible through whiteboard software on the Internet. Designers can co-design and share design referents through these tools while adding gestures and expressions using web cams. Freehand sketching using whiteboard software retains the same proportion and scale problems as traditional sketching on paper, but adds digital behaviour (pen tablet display, undo, etc.) and the ability to share sketches in real time with a remote design team. Still, designers are not immersed in their representations. Moreover, such representations can include errors because designers work without reference to real-life perspective views. We developed a system, called the Hybrid Ideation Space (HIS) that allows designers to be immersed in their freehand sketches. The system supports local and remote collaboration, allowing designers to be literally inside their life sized, real time representations, while sharing them with remote collaborators who use another HIS. This paper presents a case study comparing the HIS to conventional whiteboard software (Vyew™) in a context of local and remote design collaboration on two landscape architecture projects. Two multidisciplinary teams worked on the first steps of two ad-hoc projects. The goal was to make an initial observation of the impact of immersion and see if it delivers benefits to collaborative ideation. Two methodological tools supported the study: the Design Flow for the experience that includes the NASA TLX to measure the workload, and the Collaborative Ideation Loop (CI-Loop) for design collaboration.
keywords	Collaboration, ideation, immersion, sketches, whiteboard
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p075
id	cf2011_p075
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Chen Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Visual Dataflow Modelling: A Comparison of Three Systems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 801-816.
summary	Visual programming languages enable users to create computer programs by manipulating graphical elements rather than by entering text. The difference between textual languages and visual languages is that most textual languages use a procedural programming model, while most visual languages use a dataflow programming model. When visual programming is applied to design, it results in a new modelling approach that we refer to 'visual dataflow modelling' (VDM). Recently, VDM has becoming increasingly popular within the design community, as it can accelerate the iterative design process, thereby allowing larger numbers of design possibilities to be explored. Furthermore, it is now also becoming an important tool in performance-based design approaches, since it may potentially enable the closing of the loop between design development and design evaluation. A number of CAD systems now provide VDM interfaces, allowing designers to define form generating procedures without having to resort to scripting or programming. However, these environments have certain weaknesses that limit their usability. This paper will analyse these weaknesses by comparing and contrasting three VDM environments: McNeel Grasshopper, Bentley Generative Components, and Sidefx Houdini. The paper will focus on five key areas: * Conditional logic allow rules to be applied to geometric entities that control how they behave. Such rules will typically be defined as if-then-else conditions, where an action will be executed if a particular condition is true. A more advanced version of this is the while loop, where the action within the loop will be repeatedly executed while a certain condition remains true. * Local coordinate systems allow geometric entities to be manipulated relative to some convenient local point of reference. These systems may be either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, using either Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical systems. Techniques for mapping geometric entities from one coordinate system to another also need to be considered. * Duplication includes three types: simple duplication, endogenous duplication, and exogenous duplication. Simple duplication consists of copying some geometric entity a certain number of times, producing identical copies of the original. Endogenous duplication consist of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined as part of the duplication process. Lastly, exogenous duplication consists of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined by some other external geometry. * Part-whole relationships allow geometric entities to be grouped in various ways, based on the fundamental set-theoretic concept that entities can be members of sets, and sets can be members of other sets. Ways of aggregating data into both hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures, and ways of filtering data based on these structures need to be considered. * Spatial queries include relationships between geometric entities such as touching, crossing, overlapping, or containing. More advanced spatial queries include various distance based queries and various sorting queries (e.g. sorting all entities based on position) and filtering queries (e.g. finding all entities with a certain distance from a point). For each of these five areas, a simple benchmarking test case has been developed. For example, for conditional logic, the test case consists of a simple room with a single window with a condition: the window should always be in the longest north-facing wall. If the room is rotated or its dimensions changed, then the window must re-evaluate itself and possibly change position to a different wall. For each benchmarking test-case, visual programs are implemented in each of the three VDM environments. The visual programs are then compared and contrasted, focusing on two areas. First, the type of constructs used in each of these environments are compared and contrasted. Second, the cognitive complexity of the visual programming task in each of these environments are compared and contrasted.
keywords	visual, dataflow, programming, parametric, modelling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ecaade2012_113
id	ecaade2012_113
authors	Jutraz, Anja ; Zupancic, Tadeja
year	2012
title	Digital system of tools for public participation and education in urban design: Exploring 3D ICC
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 383-392
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.383
wos	WOS:000330322400039
summary	This article is a starting point for the development of experiential urban co-design interfaces to enhance public participation in local urban projects and to be also used as a communication and collaboration tool in urban design. It is based on the previous research involving 3D city models utilized as understandable design interfaces for the non-technical public (Jutraz, Zupancic, 2011), where we have already explored different views (pedestrian, intermediate and bird’s-eye view), as well as the means by which the information obtained from these different views may be combined by shifting between viewpoints. Previous work was conducted in the “street lab” as well as the Urban Experimental Lab, which was developed specifi cally for the public’s participation in urban planning (Voigt, Kieferle, Wössner, 2009). Presented in this article is the next step that explores the immersive collaboration environment 3D ICC [1], formerly known as Teleplace. The environment was developed for effi cient collaboration and remote communication and shifts the research focus towards questions regarding how to employ both labs as interfaces between the non-technical public and design professionals. As we are facing the lack of digital systems for public participation and education in urban design, different digital tools for communication and collaboration should be combined into a new holistic platform for design. A digital system of tools needs to be developed that supports the urban design decision-making process and focuses on improved final solutions and increased satisfaction amongst all participants. In this article the system of digital tools for public participation, which include communication, collaboration and education, will be also defi ned, with its basic characteristics and its elements.
keywords	Digital system of tools; collaboration; 3D model; public participation; urban design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2011_013
id	caadria2011_013
authors	Kozlova, Karine; Roham M. Sheikholeslami, Lyn Bartram and Robert F. Woodbury
year	2011
title	Graph visualization in computer-aided design: An exploration of alternative representations for GenerativeComponentsTM Symbolic View
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 133-142
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.133
summary	In this paper we explore graph models used to illustrate the relationships between elements of designs in computer-aided design (CAD) systems. We discuss common limitations and ways to make such representations more usable and interactive. In order to study common problems of symbolic representations in CAD systems, we conducted a survey of a number of CAD applications that employ graph representations in their interface and provided comparative analysis of the properties of graph representations in these systems. As a case study we used Bentley GenerativeComponentsTM (GC) system - a parametric CAD application that uses graph (“symbolic”) view to visualize the structure of design. We conducted series of interviews with expert GC users that revealed many limitations of the GC symbolic view. To address these limitations, we developed alternative representations of symbolic view that aim at enhancing user experience with the system and reviewed these with expert GC users. As a result of our study, we developed a set of interactive prototypes using SHriMP1 visualization tool and Processing programming language. These provide improved ways of user interaction with symbolic representation, including better readability of the graph and, as a result, an improved support for design model analysis.
keywords	Graph visualization; visual interfaces; CAD systems; visual interaction; node-link diagrams
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2011_028
id	caadria2011_028
authors	Lesage, Annemarie and Tomás Dorta
year	2011
title	Two conceptual design tools and an immersive experience: Beyond the pragmatic-pleasurable split in UX
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 291-300
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.291
summary	In a recent study, we compared two conceptual design tools supporting collaboration, a whiteboard software accessed through Internet, and a hybrid immersive system, the Hybrid Ideation Space (HIS). The result of the study appeared to favour the HIS because of its immersive qualities. In this paper, we seek possible explanations as to why immersion delivered a better experience, by looking at the mental workload in relationship to the experience. For the workload we rely on Wickens’ four-dimensional multiple resource model, specifically processing codes (verbal/spatial) and visual channels; and for the experience, Csikszentmihalyi’s concept of flow and our own concept of Design Flow. The designers seemed to be responding to different styles of information processing required of them by each tool, one being more experiential and the other requiring a heavier mental workload. Insight in the cognitive underpinning of a strictly pragmatic immersive experience suggests that UX has also to do with how the information is received and processed by users, without isolating the functional from the rest of the experience.
keywords	User experience; immersion; flow; mental workload; Hybrid Ideation Space
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cf2011_p016
id	cf2011_p016
authors	Merrick, Kathryn; Gu Ning
year	2011
title	Supporting Collective Intelligence for Design in Virtual Worlds: A Case Study of the Lego Universe
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 637-652.
summary	Virtual worlds are multi-faceted technologies. Facets of virtual worlds include graphical simulation tools, communication, design and modelling tools, artificial intelligence, network structure, persistent object-oriented infrastructure, economy, governance and user presence and interaction. Recent studies (Merrick et al., 2010) and applications (Rosenman et al., 2006; Maher et al., 2006) have shown that the combination of design, modelling and communication tools, and artificial intelligence in virtual worlds makes them suitable platforms for supporting collaborative design, including human-human collaboration and human-computer co-creativity. Virtual worlds are also coming to be recognised as a platform for collective intelligence (Levy, 1997), a form of group intelligence that emerges from collaboration and competition among large numbers of individuals. Because of the close relationship between design, communication and virtual world technologies, there appears a strong possibility of using virtual worlds to harness collective intelligence for supporting upcoming ‚Äúdesign challenges on a much larger scale as we become an increasingly global and technological society‚Äù (Maher et al, 2010), beyond the current support for small-scale collaborative design teams. Collaborative design is relatively well studied and is characterised by small-scale, carefully structured design teams, usually comprising design professionals with a good understanding of the design task at hand. All team members are generally motivated and have the skills required to structure the shared solution space and to complete the design task. In contrast, collective design (Maher et al, 2010) is characterised by a very large number of participants ranging from professional designers to design novices, who may need to be motivated to participate, whose contributions may not be directly utilised for design purposes, and who may need to learn some or all of the skills required to complete the task. Thus the facets of virtual worlds required to support collective design differ from those required to support collaborative design. Specifically, in addition to design, communication and artificial intelligence tools, various interpretive, mapping and educational tools together with appropriate motivational and reward systems may be required to inform, teach and motivate virtual world users to contribute and direct their inputs to desired design purposes. Many of these world facets are well understood by computer game developers, as level systems, quests or plot and achievement/reward systems. This suggests the possibility of drawing on or adapting computer gaming technologies as a basis for harnessing collective intelligence in design. Existing virtual worlds that permit open-ended design ‚Äì such as Second Life and There ‚Äì are not specifically game worlds as they do not have extensive level, quest and reward systems in the same way as game worlds like World of Warcraft or Ultima Online. As such, while Second Life and There demonstrate emergent design, they do not have the game-specific facets that focus users towards solving specific problems required for harnessing collective intelligence. However, a new massively multiplayer virtual world is soon to be released that combines open-ended design tools with levels, quests and achievement systems. This world is called Lego Universe (www.legouniverse.com). This paper presents technology spaces for the facets of virtual worlds that can contribute to the support of collective intelligence in design, including design and modelling tools, communication tools, artificial intelligence, level system, motivation, governance and other related facets. We discuss how these facets support the design, communication, motivational and educational requirements of collective intelligence applications. The paper concludes with a case study of Lego Universe, with reference to the technology spaces defined above. We evaluate the potential of this or similar tools to move design beyond the individual and small-scale design teams to harness large-scale collective intelligence. We also consider the types of design tasks that might best be addressed in this manner.
keywords	collective intelligence, collective design, virtual worlds, computer games
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p073
id	cf2011_p073
authors	Nasirova, Diliara; Erhan Halil, Huang Andy T, Woodbury Robert, Riecke Bernhard E.
year	2011
title	Change Detection in 3D Parametric Systems: Human-Centered Interfaces for Change Visualization
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 751-764.
summary	The research on current parametric modeling systems concerns mainly about the underlying computational technology and designs produced; and emphasizes less human factors and design tasks. We observe users being challenged in interacting with these systems regardless of their expertise level. In these systems, user’s attention is divided on system-imposed actions such as tool selection and set-up, managing obscured views, frequent view manipulation, and switching between different types of representations. In essence, control of the system can become more demanding than the design task itself. We argue that this unbalanced emphasis inhibits one of the most important functions of parametric design: agility in exploration of design alternatives by applying frequent user-introduced or system-generated changes on the parametric design models. This compounded by the effect of cognitive limitations such as change blindness and shifts in locus of attention hinders change control and imposes an extra cognitive load in design. In this paper, we made a first step in developing a set of heuristics that is going to present how designers’ change control and detection can be improved. We experimented with three interfaces that control and visualize changes on three different compositions in relation to the designer’s locus of attention: on-model, peripheral and combined views. We measured designers’ performance as the number of changes detected, number of trials, and time required to complete each change detection task. The results support our hypothesis that change blindness significantly slows down and overloads design thinking, and thus should not be ignored. Furthermore, an interesting finding shows that visualizations on the visual periphery can equally support change detection as on-model visualizations, but it is significantly easier and faster to detect changes when they are visualized in both views. These findings can guide us to develop better interfaces in 3D parametric systems.
keywords	parametric design, change detection, change blindness, user-centered design, interface ergonomics, HCI, CAD, visualization
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	caadria2011_067
id	caadria2011_067
authors	Neisch, Paulina
year	2011
title	Colour-code models: The concept of spatial network
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 707-716
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.707
summary	The main goal for the architects or planners is to understand a perspective of the user. The foundation of the design process is to create buildings and environments, which will be both innovative and functional for all types of users, including adults and children. While planning the environments for children the particular aspects should be considered. The important questions are: What kind of contact does child have with the city, urban places and buildings? How does the child construct the picture of the city? What kind of urban or architectural spaces contributes to the relation that a child has with the environment? Most of the previous studies concentrating on creation of spaces for children have focused on the perspectives that have adults. According to CAADRIA 2010 paper, the objective of our study was to “learn about” (get to know the) children’s perception of everyday places. The main goal of the project was to define an appropriate tool for the design process. We identified three elements, which were considered to be the most important for child’s identification with environment: home, school, and the journey from home to school. For this purpose, children living in a residential community in Bangkok were surveyed. Contrariwise to the quantitative approach (Neisch, 2010), the concept of Colour – Code Models of space propose a qualitative development of this research – a graphic language which allow to understand the children’s spatial world, the novel way to analyze and present space, useful for educate architects and planners.
keywords	Spatial network; perception and representation of environment; drawing processing; data analyses; design for children
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cf2011_p093
id	cf2011_p093
authors	Nguyen, Thi Lan Truc; Tan Beng Kiang
year	2011
title	Understanding Shared Space for Informal Interaction among Geographically Distributed Teams
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 41-54.
summary	In a design project, much creative work is done in teams, thus requires spaces for collaborative works such as conference rooms, project rooms and chill-out areas. These spaces are designed to provide an atmosphere conducive to discussion and communication ranging from formal meetings to informal communication. According to Kraut et al (E.Kraut et al., 1990), informal communication is an important factor for the success of collaboration and is defined as ‚Äúconversations take place at the time, with the participants, and about the topics at hand. It often occurs spontaneously by chance and in face-to-face manner. As shown in many research, much of good and creative ideas originate from impromptu meeting rather than in a formal meeting (Grajewski, 1993, A.Isaacs et al., 1997). Therefore, the places for informal communication are taken into account in workplace design and scattered throughout the building in order to stimulate face-to-face interaction, especially serendipitous communication among different groups across disciplines such as engineering, technology, design and so forth. Nowadays, team members of a project are not confined to people working in one location but are spread widely with geographically distributed collaborations. Being separated by long physical distance, informal interaction by chance is impossible since people are not co-located. In order to maintain the benefit of informal interaction in collaborative works, research endeavor has developed a variety ways to shorten the physical distance and bring people together in one shared space. Technologies to support informal interaction at a distance include video-based technologies, virtual reality technologies, location-based technologies and ubiquitous technologies. These technologies facilitate people to stay aware of other‚Äôs availability in distributed environment and to socialize and interact in a multi-users virtual environment. Each type of applications supports informal interaction through the employed technology characteristics. One of the conditions for promoting frequent and impromptu face-to-face communication is being co-located in one space in which the spatial settings play as catalyst to increase the likelihood for frequent encounter. Therefore, this paper analyses the degree to which sense of shared space is supported by these technical approaches. This analysis helps to identify the trade-off features of each shared space technology and its current problems. A taxonomy of shared space is introduced based on three types of shared space technologies for supporting informal interaction. These types are named as shared physical environments, collaborative virtual environments and mixed reality environments and are ordered increasingly towards the reality of sense of shared space. Based on the problem learnt from other technical approaches and the nature of informal interaction, this paper proposes physical-virtual shared space for supporting intended and opportunistic informal interaction. The shared space will be created by augmenting a 3D collaborative virtual environment (CVE) with real world scene at the virtual world side; and blending the CVE scene to the physical settings at the real world side. Given this, the two spaces are merged into one global structure. With augmented view of the real world, geographically distributed co-workers who populate the 3D CVE are facilitated to encounter and interact with their real world counterparts in a meaningful and natural manner.
keywords	shared space, collaborative virtual environment, informal interaction, intended interaction, opportunistic interaction
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	caadria2011_056
id	caadria2011_056
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel and Jeremy J. Ham
year	2011
title	The social network virtual design studio: Integrated design learning using blended learning environments
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 589-598
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.589
summary	Online communications, multimedia, mobile computing and face-to-face learning create blended learning environments to which some Virtual Design Studios (VDS) have reacted to. Social Networks (SN), as instruments for communication, have provided a potentially fruitful operative base for VDS. These technologies transfer communication, leadership, democratic interaction, teamwork, social engagement and responsibility away from the design tutors to the participants. The implementation of Social Network VDS (SNVDS) moved the VDS beyond its conventional realm and enabled students to develop architectural design that is embedded into a community of learners and expertise both online and offline. Problem-based learning (PBL) becomes an iterative and reflexive process facilitating deep learning. The paper discusses details of the SNVDS, its pedagogical implications to PBL, and presents how the SNVDS is successful in enabling architectural students to collaborate and communicate design proposals that integrate a variety of skills, deep learning, knowledge and construction with a rich learning experience.
keywords	VDS; social networking; social learning; problem-based learning; PBL; Web2.0
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	fb59
id	fb59
authors	Schnabel, Marc Aurel; Chen, Rui Irene
year	2011
title	Design Interaction via Multi-touch
source	Computer Science Cooperative Design, Visualization, and Engineering, CDVE 2011, Y. Luo (Ed.): Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2011, Volume 6874/2011, 14-21
summary	We present a multi-touch-tabletop tool for design-collaborations and -communication tasks employing three-dimensional digitalized models. Our system allows users from various disciplines to communicate and share their ideas by manipulating the reference and their own input simultaneously by simply using intuitive gestures. Haptic and proprioceptive perception of tangible representations are perceived and understood more readily whereby our system provides an increased potential to compensate for the low spatial cognition of its users. Our integration of combining both model-based and participatory approaches with multi-touch tabletop system setups differs considerably from conventional visual representations for collaborative design. Since the multi-touch design interaction allows users to engage intuitively within virtual design environments, it is presenting a next generation of common graphical user interfaces.
keywords	Multi-touch, collaboration, interaction, haptic, design
series	book
type	normal paper
email
more	http://www.springerlink.com/content/y4k7w218359g257q/
last changed	2011/10/22 04:59

_id	ijac20109104
id	ijac20109104
authors	Schoch, Martin; Chakguy Prakasvudhisarn, Apichat Praditsmanont
year	2011
title	Building-Volume Designs with Optimal Life-Cycle Costs
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 1, 55-76
summary	This report provides a detailed overview of the building-volume optimization (BVO) model. It allows for insights into elements that comprise the BVO model, describes its setup as an optimization tool for design and tests its possibilities through exemplary runs. It includes the description of all life-cycle cost (LCC) members involved and explains the implemented optimization process approach. It also provides a perspective regarding the sensitivity and consequences of the BVO model. Serving as decision-support for designers the model qualifies as a practice-oriented application during the early design stage. Test results indicate that LCC considerations can significantly affect building-volume designs during this stage. Therefore, the introduction of cost objectives to the building-volume design represents a valuable approach. Enabling for their inclusion, design issues referring to estimated building performances, are capable of improvement before design finalization. Especially comparisons between initial and operational costs imply that, with increasing life-cycle periods, the impact of operational costs on shaping building-volume design is continuously growing.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

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