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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2011_p170
id	cf2011_p170
authors	Barros, Mário; Duarte José, Chaparro Bruno
year	2011
title	Thonet Chairs Design Grammar: a Step Towards the Mass Customization of Furniture
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 181-200.
summary	The paper presents the first phase of research currently under development that is focused on encoding Thonet design style into a generative design system using a shape grammar. The ultimate goal of the work is the design and production of customizable chairs using computer assisted tools, establishing a feasible practical model of the paradigm of mass customization (Davis, 1987). The current research step encompasses the following three steps: (1) codification of the rules describing Thonet design style into a shape grammar; (2) implementing the grammar into a computer tool as parametric design; and (3) rapid prototyping of customized chair designs within the style. Future phases will address the transformation of the Thonet’s grammar to create a new style and the production of real chair designs in this style using computer aided manufacturing. Beginning in the 1830’s, Austrian furniture designer Michael Thonet began experimenting with forming steam beech, in order to produce lighter furniture using fewer components, when compared with the standards of the time. Using the same construction principles and standardized elements, Thonet produced different chairs designs with a strong formal resemblance, creating his own design language. The kit assembly principle, the reduced number of elements, industrial efficiency, and the modular approach to furniture design as a system of interchangeable elements that may be used to assemble different objects enable him to become a pioneer of mass production (Noblet, 1993). The most paradigmatic example of the described vision of furniture design is the chair No. 14 produced in 1858, composed of six structural elements. Due to its simplicity, lightness, ability to be stored in flat and cubic packaging for individual of collective transportation, respectively, No. 14 became one of the most sold chairs worldwide, and it is still in production nowadays. Iconic examples of mass production are formally studied to provide insights to mass customization studies. The study of the shape grammar for the generation of Thonet chairs aimed to ensure rules that would make possible the reproduction of the selected corpus, as well as allow for the generation of new chairs within the developed grammar. Due to the wide variety of Thonet chairs, six chairs were randomly chosen to infer the grammar and then this was fine tuned by checking whether it could account for the generation of other designs not in the original corpus. Shape grammars (Stiny and Gips, 1972) have been used with sucesss both in the analysis as in the synthesis of designs at different scales, from product design to building and urban design. In particular, the use of shape grammars has been efficient in the characterization of objects’ styles and in the generation of new designs within the analyzed style, and it makes design rules amenable to computers implementation (Duarte, 2005). The literature includes one other example of a grammar for chair design by Knight (1980). In the second step of the current research phase, the outlined shape grammar was implemented into a computer program, to assist the designer in conceiving and producing customized chairs using a digital design process. This implementation was developed in Catia by converting the grammar into an equivalent parametric design model. In the third phase, physical models of existing and new chair designs were produced using rapid prototyping. The paper describes the grammar, its computer implementation as a parametric model, and the rapid prototyping of physical models. The generative potential of the proposed digital process is discussed in the context of enabling the mass customization of furniture. The role of the furniture designer in the new paradigm and ideas for further work also are discussed.
keywords	Thonet; furniture design; chair; digital design process; parametric design; shape grammar
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p060
id	cf2011_p060
authors	Sheward, Hugo; Eastman Charles
year	2011
title	Preliminary Concept Design (PCD) Tools for Laboratory Buildings, Automated Design Optimization and Assessment Embedded in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Tools.
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 451-476.
summary	The design of laboratory buildings entails the implementation of a variety of design constraints such as building codes; design guidelines and technical requirements. The application of these requires from designers the derivation of data not explicitly available at early stages of design, at the same time there is no precise methodology to control the consistency, and accuracy of their application. Many of these constraints deal with providing secure environmental conditions for the activities inside laboratories and their repercussions both for the building occupants and population in general, these constraints mandate a strict control over the building‚Äôs Mechanical Equipment (MEP), in particular the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to the importance of these laboratory designers are expected to assess their designs not only according spatial relationships, but also design variables such as HVAC efficiency, air pressure hierarchies, operational costs, and the possible implications of their design decisions in the biological safety of the facility. At this point in time, there are no practical methods for making these assessments, without having constant interaction with HVAC specialists. The assessment of laboratory design variables, particularly those technical in nature, such as dimensioning of ducts or energy consumption are usually performed at late stages of design. They are performed by domain experts using data manually extracted from design information, with the addition of domain specific knowledge, the evaluation is done mostly through manual calculations or building simulations. In traditional practices most expert evaluations are performed once the architectural design have been completed, the turn around of the evaluation might take hours or days depending on the methods used by the engineer, therefore reducing the possibility for design alternatives evaluation. The results of these evaluations will give clues about sizing of the HVAC equipment, and might generate the need for design reformulations, causing higher development costs and time delays. Several efforts in the development of computational tools for automated design evaluation such as wheel chair accessibility (Han, Law, Latombe, Kunz, 2002) security and circulation (Eastman, 2009), and construction codes (ww.Corenet.gov.sg) have demonstrated the capabilities of rule or parameter based building assessment; several computer applications capable of supporting HVAC engineers in system designing for late concept or design development exist, but little has been done to assess the capabilities of computer applications to support laboratory design during architectural Preliminary Concept Design(PCD) (Trcka, Hensen, 2010). Developments in CAD technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) have opened doors to formal explorations in generative design using rule based or parametric modeling [7]. BIM represents buildings as a collection of objects with their own geometry, attributes, and relations. BIM also allows for the definition of objects parametrically including their relation to other model objects. BIM has enabled the development of automated rule based building evaluation (Eastman, 2009). Most of contemporary BIM applications contemplate in their default user interfaces access to design constraints and object attribute manipulations. Some even allow for the application of rules over these. Such capabilities make BIM viable platforms for automation of design data derivation and for the implementation of generative based design assessment. In this paper we analyze the possibilities provided by contemporary BIM for implementing generative based design assessment in laboratory buildings. In this schema, domain specific knowledge is embedded in to the BIM system as to make explicit design metrics that can help designers and engineers to assess the performance of design alternatives. The implementation of generative design assessments during PCD can help designers and engineers to identify design issues early in the process, reducing the number of revisions and reconfigurations in later stages of design. And generally improving design performance.
keywords	Heating ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Building Information Models (BIM), Generative Design Assessment
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ascaad2023_091
id	ascaad2023_091
authors	Haddad, Naif
year	2023
title	From Digital Heritage Documentation to 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Recreation for Heritage Promotion and Reinterpretation: The Case of the iHeritage Project
source	C+++: Computation, Culture, and Context – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference of the Arab Society for Computation in Architecture, Art and Design (ASCAAD), University of Petra, Amman, Jordan [Hybrid Conference] 7-9 November 2023, pp. 7-23.
summary	In the last two decades, the digital age Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) development and concerns combined with rapid technology have permitted the dissemination of different digital applications (including digital documentation, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), mixed reality (MR), digital gaming, and holograms etc.) oriented toward past, present and future communication using digital three-dimensional audio-visual content. Today, we must acknowledge that 3D virtual 3D reconstruction and recreation has become an established way to build, understand, reinterpret, and promote Cultural Heritage (CH). The virtual 3D reconstruction world and multimedia industry are often considered potential marketing channels for World Heritage Sites (WHS) and heritage tourism. 3D digital/virtual reconstruction merges and embodies subjectivity in one process, playing an attractive role in heritage tourism destinations and creating image experiences, providing the first enjoyable interpretation and information for most audiences. Based on the EU-funded iHERITAGE project ICT Mediterranean platform for the UNESCO CH, this paper attempts to examine some insights into constructing the optimistic image of heritage promotion and tourism in the context of CH as it flows through both physical and virtual spaces to give a glimpse of the future of virtual reconstruction. It illustrates the development of the concepts and practice, challenges and opportunities, advantages and disadvantages, and the negative and the positive sides of the related issues of only 3D digital reconstructions, and some issues concerning the ethics based on the International Chartres and Conventions mainly in the field of scientific visualisation, such as the London Charter (2009) and Seville Principles (2011). Finally, as a practical dimension, it presents some representative examples of 3D digital/virtual reconstruction of characteristic monuments of the WHS of Nabataean Petra in Jordan for the first time.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2024/02/13 14:40

_id	ecaade2011_053
id	ecaade2011_053
authors	Barros, Mário; Duarte, José P.; Chaparro, Bruno
year	2011
title	Digital Thonet: An automated system for the generation and analysis of custom-made chairs
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.521
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.521-529
summary	A system is presented to support the designer in creating custom versions of chairs within a predefined design language using Thonet chairs as a case study. The system consists of parametric models based on shape grammars linked to structural analysis to provide an integrated generative process for mass customization in the furniture industry.
wos	WOS:000335665500060
keywords	Thonet; furniture design; finite element method; parametric design; mass customization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	ecaade2011_083
id	ecaade2011_083
authors	Coutinho, Filipe; Costa, Eduardo Castro e; Duarte, José P.; Kruger, Mário
year	2011
title	A computational interpretation of ”De re aedificatoria”: Translating Alberti’s column system into a shape grammar
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.788
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.788-798
summary	Alberti’s ”De re aedificatoria” is considered one of the most influential treatises of architecture. Historic approaches aimed at tracing such an influence on European architecture have relied mainly on documental sources. The extent of such an influence, however, remains elusive. The research described in this paper is part of a larger project aimed at using the computational framework provided by shape grammars to determine the extension of such an influence on the architecture of the Portuguese empire in the counter-reform period. The idea is to translate the treatise into a shape grammar and then determine the transformations required for the grammar to account for the generation of the buildings designed and built in this geographic region. The paper presents a grammar for the Albertian column system, focusing on the Doric order. Subsequent work will be concerned with identifying the transformations of this grammar in the Portuguese context.
wos	WOS:000335665500091
keywords	Alberti; generative design; shape grammars; transformations in design, design automation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadia11_316
id	acadia11_316
authors	d’Estree Sterk, Tristan
year	2011
title	Using Robotic Technologies to Integrate External Influences in Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.316
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 316-317
summary	Designers have always assembled materials to form purposeful connections between ideas and spaces, uniting the height of human thought with the great ability of people to shape the world with their hands and tools. People have understood this opportunity and used it to inform the material investments that they make in buildings.When reflecting upon the past ten or so years of practice it is clear that some methodologies have matured. Professionals, academics and students have found new ways to connect thinking and doing. These connections have a different flavor and tend to feel more analytical to those once used. Previously internalized decisions are being made increasingly explicit by a generation of designers that has found a more meaningful overlap between the theories and procedures of design. The methods they use are visual, analytical, as well as intuitive, and encompassed within a whole gamut of tools such as Grasshopper, Ecotect, Digital Project and Generative Components. All of these tools provide opportunities for designers to inquisitively explore alternative formal, spatial and environmental relationships. The opportunities that are brought by increasing externalization are important. Design is at once turning away from its focus on the end result, be it a building or an interior, and toward a renewed interest in the design process itself. Brought about by encapsulating design principles into self-made tools, this shift has enabled families of formal outcomes rather than singular instances of ‘pure’ architecture. These multiple, equally valid, formal outcomes disrupt more traditional measures of formal legitimacy and help move architects toward more relational understandings of space, time and environment.
series	ACADIA
type	moderator overview
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cf2011_p075
id	cf2011_p075
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Chen Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Visual Dataflow Modelling: A Comparison of Three Systems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 801-816.
summary	Visual programming languages enable users to create computer programs by manipulating graphical elements rather than by entering text. The difference between textual languages and visual languages is that most textual languages use a procedural programming model, while most visual languages use a dataflow programming model. When visual programming is applied to design, it results in a new modelling approach that we refer to 'visual dataflow modelling' (VDM). Recently, VDM has becoming increasingly popular within the design community, as it can accelerate the iterative design process, thereby allowing larger numbers of design possibilities to be explored. Furthermore, it is now also becoming an important tool in performance-based design approaches, since it may potentially enable the closing of the loop between design development and design evaluation. A number of CAD systems now provide VDM interfaces, allowing designers to define form generating procedures without having to resort to scripting or programming. However, these environments have certain weaknesses that limit their usability. This paper will analyse these weaknesses by comparing and contrasting three VDM environments: McNeel Grasshopper, Bentley Generative Components, and Sidefx Houdini. The paper will focus on five key areas: * Conditional logic allow rules to be applied to geometric entities that control how they behave. Such rules will typically be defined as if-then-else conditions, where an action will be executed if a particular condition is true. A more advanced version of this is the while loop, where the action within the loop will be repeatedly executed while a certain condition remains true. * Local coordinate systems allow geometric entities to be manipulated relative to some convenient local point of reference. These systems may be either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, using either Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical systems. Techniques for mapping geometric entities from one coordinate system to another also need to be considered. * Duplication includes three types: simple duplication, endogenous duplication, and exogenous duplication. Simple duplication consists of copying some geometric entity a certain number of times, producing identical copies of the original. Endogenous duplication consist of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined as part of the duplication process. Lastly, exogenous duplication consists of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined by some other external geometry. * Part-whole relationships allow geometric entities to be grouped in various ways, based on the fundamental set-theoretic concept that entities can be members of sets, and sets can be members of other sets. Ways of aggregating data into both hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures, and ways of filtering data based on these structures need to be considered. * Spatial queries include relationships between geometric entities such as touching, crossing, overlapping, or containing. More advanced spatial queries include various distance based queries and various sorting queries (e.g. sorting all entities based on position) and filtering queries (e.g. finding all entities with a certain distance from a point). For each of these five areas, a simple benchmarking test case has been developed. For example, for conditional logic, the test case consists of a simple room with a single window with a condition: the window should always be in the longest north-facing wall. If the room is rotated or its dimensions changed, then the window must re-evaluate itself and possibly change position to a different wall. For each benchmarking test-case, visual programs are implemented in each of the three VDM environments. The visual programs are then compared and contrasted, focusing on two areas. First, the type of constructs used in each of these environments are compared and contrasted. Second, the cognitive complexity of the visual programming task in each of these environments are compared and contrasted.
keywords	visual, dataflow, programming, parametric, modelling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	caadria2013_080
id	caadria2013_080
authors	Koh, Immanuel
year	2013
title	Computer Vision and Augmented Reality Technologies in Experimental Architectural Design Education at the AA
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.427
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 427-436
summary	This paper aims to investigate the potential of both open source software and new media (esp. computer vision and augmented reality) as tools for architectural design and education. The examples illustrated in the paper would be drawn mainly from students’ projects done as part of their AA Media Studies Course submission at the AA School of Architecture (AA) during the academic years from 2011/2012 to 2012/2013. The paper outlines the main approaches, which students have chosen to implement, both directly and indirectly, these new media and tools into their studio work at the AA. Section 1 briefly introduces a range of currently available open source computational design toolkits that are deemed useful for quick implementation of computer vision and augmented reality technologies. The related programming languages, softwares and hardwares would also be introduced and described accordingly. Sections 2 and 3 are accompanied with a visual catalogue of students’ projects to better illustrate the diversity in the understanding and implementation of computer vision and augmented reality technologies in architectural design. Section 4 serves to conclude the paper by first discussing briefly the feedback from students at the end of the course before clarifying the context of the research and thus its relation to recent work done by others using similar technologies.
wos	WOS:000351496100042
keywords	Computer vision, Augmented reality, Generative design, Interaction design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadiaregional2011_008
id	acadiaregional2011_008
authors	Krietemeyer,Elizabeth A.; Anna H. Dyson
year	2011
title	Electropolymeric Technology for Dynamic Building Envelopes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.x.s0s
source	Parametricism (SPC) ACADIA Regional 2011 Conference Proceedings
summary	Human health and energy problems associated with the lack of control of natural light in contemporary buildings have necessitated research into dynamic windows for energy efficient buildings. Existing dynamic glazing technologies have made limited progress towards greater energy performance for curtain wall systems because they are still unable to respond to dynamic solar conditions, fluctuating building demands, and a range of user preferences for visual comfort and individual control. Recent breakthroughs in the field of information display provide opportunities to transfer electropolymeric technology to building envelopes that can achieve geometric and spectral selectivity in concert with pattern variation within the façade. Integrating electroactive polymers within the surfaces of an insulated glazing unit (IGU) could dramatically improve the energy performance of windows while enabling user empowerment through the control of the visual quality of this micro-material assembly, in addition to allowing for the switchable patterning of information display. Using parametric modeling as a generative design and analysis tool, this paper examines the technical intricacies linking system variables with visual comfort, daylight quality, and pattern design of the proposed electropolymeric dynamic facade technology.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ecaade2011_118
id	ecaade2011_118
authors	Leitão, António; Santos, Luís
year	2011
title	Programming Languages for Generative design: Visual or Textual?
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.549
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.549-557
summary	In this paper we compare visual and textual programming languages for generative design. We argue that, in the past, this comparison has been flawed and that it is now time to reconsider the potential of the textual programming paradigm but using modern programming languages and development environments specifically targeted to the generative design domain. We present VisualScheme as a prime example of such language and we compare it with the most used visual programming language in the generative design field.
wos	WOS:000335665500063
keywords	Generative design; Visual Programming Languages; Textual Programming Languages; Interactive Development Environments
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	sigradi2011_145
id	sigradi2011_145
authors	Linhares, Bruna; Alarcão, Helena; Carvão, Luís; Toste, Pedro; Paio, Alexandra
year	2011
title	Using Shape Grammar to design ready-made housing for humanized living. Towards a parametric-typological design tool
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 78-81
summary	The research described in this paper is part of a larger on-going project called "Emerg.cities4all" that proposes a generative computer-aided planning system for housing for low-income populations using shape grammars. This paper presents the preliminary research results of a group of four master students who proposed to develop a grammar of ready-made housing for humanized living based in three informal settlements case studies. The results of this research are based on the assumption that it is possible to generate modular, adaptable and affordable ready-made housing for humanized living solutions design, supported by a computational generation tool.
keywords	Shape grammars; emergent housing; housing design; CPLP
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	ecaade2011_088
id	ecaade2011_088
authors	Paio, Alexandra; Reis, Joaquim; Santos, Filipe; Lopes, Pedro Faria; Eloy, Sara; Rato, Vasco
year	2011
title	Emerg.cities4all: Towards a shape grammar based computational system tool for generating a sustainable and integrated urban design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.152
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.152-158
summary	The ongoing research project called “Emerg.cities4all” is focused on the development of a generative computer-aided planning support system for cities and housing to low-income populations, using a descriptive method as the Shape Grammars and based on multi-agent rule-based system. The goal is to develop a system that could reveal the cultural, social and spatial dynamics involved in the genesis of informal settlements (favelas, musseques and caniços) and use it to generate contemporary humanized urban morphologies. The multi agent shape grammar implementation could generate automatically designs according to different types of users: urban planners, architect and local end users. This paper presents the methodology and the initial results of the research, using an informal settlement as a case study.
wos	WOS:000335665500017
keywords	Shape grammar; Multi-agent systems; Urban design; Informal settlements; Emergcities4all
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadia17_512
id	acadia17_512
authors	Rossi, Andrea; Tessmann, Oliver
year	2017
title	Collaborative Assembly of Digital Materials
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2017.512
source	ACADIA 2017: DISCIPLINES & DISRUPTION [Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-96506-1] Cambridge, MA 2-4 November, 2017), pp. 512- 521
summary	Current developments in design-to-production workflows aim to allow architects to quickly prototype designs that result from advanced design processes while also embedding the constraints imposed by selected fabrication equipment. However, the enduring physical separation between design space and fabrication space, together with a continuous approach to both design, via NURBs modeling software, and fabrication, through irreversible material processing methods, limit the possibilities to extend the advantages of a “digital” approach (Ward 2010), such as full editability and reversibility, to physical realizations. In response to such issues, this paper proposes a processto allow the concurrent design and fabrication of discrete structures in a collaborative process between human designer and a 6-axis robotic arm. This requires the development of design and materialization procedures for discrete aggregations, including the modeling of assembly constraints, as well as the establishment of a communication platform between human and machine actors. This intends to offer methods to increase the accessibility of discrete design methodologies, as well as to hint at possibilities for overcoming the division between design and manufacturing (Carpo 2011; Bard et al. 2014), thus allowing intuitive design decisions to be integrated directly within assembly processes (Johns 2014).
keywords	material and construction; construction/robotics; smart assembly/construction; generative system
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ijac20109204
id	ijac20109204
authors	Shepherd, Paul; Roly Hudson, David Hines
year	2011
title	Aviva Stadium: A parametric success
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 2, 167-186
summary	The Aviva Stadium, Dublin, is the first stadium to be designed from start to finish using commercially available parametric modelling software. A single model in Bentley’s Generative Components was shared between architects and engineers, which allowed the optimised design of form, structure and fac_ade. The parametric software was extended where necessary to integrate with structural analysis and to automate fabrication. By reducing the overhead associated with design iterations, this approach allowed detailed exploration of options and early identification and resolution of potential problems. In this paper, the authors add to the body of scientific knowledge by describing in detail the methods which led to the construction of the Aviva Stadium.This paper is written in light of the completed building and provides information on the generation and control of the envelope geometry, development and analysis of structure and documentation for construction.Whilst these components have been discussed independently previously [1–4], here these aspects are drawn together for the first time and are presented alongside thoughts on the manufacturing and construction processes from the project architect.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ijac20109202
id	ijac20109202
authors	van Embden, Maria Vera; Andres, Michela Turrin, Peter von Buelow
year	2011
title	ARCHITECTURAL DNA: A genetic exploration of complex structures
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 2, 133-150
summary	The approach demonstrated in this paper uses Evolutionary Computation (EC) to enhance and modify structural form based on biological micro structures.The forms are modified to conform to new boundary conditions associated with architectural structures.The process is based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) which visually exposes for the designer a range of good performing solutions within thedesign space. The application of the GA is combined with parametric software, in this case Generative Components (GC). The program described here as ParaGen (Parametric Genetic Algorithm), uses a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the structural performance of the forms.This allows the designer to manipulate and optimize a parametrically defined model based on predefined criteria and parameters.The opportunities and limitations of this design process are explored and evaluated based on an experimental case study using topologies based on radiolarian skeletons.The design procedure described includes user interaction in the exploration of solutions that perform well both for the explicitly defined programmatic criteria (structural) as well as for the implicit criteria provided by the designer (visual aesthetic).
keywords	structural morphology, parametric design, genetic algorithm, structural optimization.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ecaade2011_043
id	ecaade2011_043
authors	Vettoretti, Ana Claudia; Resende, Pablo; Gonzaga, Mário Guidoux; Turkienicz, Benamy
year	2011
title	Anthropometric and behavior data applied to a generative design system: A study of public benches
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.469
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.469-476
summary	This paper discusses ergonomic human body support in regard to people reading and talking on public benches. An applied experiment has been developed where design parameters are structured and associated to anthropometric dimensions relating to observed ergonomic postures. These are incorporated to a procedural design strategy using a geometric model with combination rules. The procedure has been tested, allowing a generation of alternative designs to emerge from ergonomic fitness parameters. The experiment helped to formulate a design methodology for optimizing the information during the product design and manufacturing processes.
wos	WOS:000335665500054
keywords	Bench; urban furniture; generative design; anthropometric data, behavior data
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	cf2011_p108
id	cf2011_p108
authors	Iordanova, Ivanka; Forgues Daniel, Chiocchio François
year	2011
title	Creation of an Evolutive Conceptual Know-how Framework for Integrative Building Design
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 435-450.
summary	Low productivity of the building sector today is attributed to the fragmentation of tasks, disciplines and responsibilities, as well as to the resistance to adopt integrative work processes and digital means. The increased complexity of architectural projects and the aroused social consciousness for sustainable environment calls for integrative design collaboration. Thus, there is need for a Conceptual Framework combining work processes, technological means and policy aspects. According to the literature, integrative multidisciplinary design is a strategy resulting in high performance buildings nurturing sustainable way of living (Reed et al. 2009, Krygiel & Nies 2008). Responding to the increased technological complexity of our built environment, as well as to the objective of meeting multiple criteria of quality, both necessitating multidisciplinary collaboration during design, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is seen as a powerful means for fostering quality, augmenting productivity and decreasing loss in construction. Based on recent research, we can propose that a sustainable building can be designed through an integrative design process (IDP) which is best supported by BIM. However, our ongoing research program and consultations with advanced practitioners underscore a number of limitations. For example, a large portion of the interviewed professionals and construction stakeholders do not necessarily see a link between sustainable building, integrative design process and BIM, while in our opinion, their joint use augments the power of each of these approaches taken separately. Thus, there is an urgent necessity for the definition of an IDP-BIM framework, which could guide the building industry to sustainable results and better productivity. This paper defines such a framework, whose theoretical background lays on studies in social learning (activity theory and situated action theories). These theories suggest that learning and knowledge generation occurs mainly within a social process defined as an activity. This corresponds to the context in which the IDP-BIM framework will be used, its final objective being the transformation of building design practices. The proposed IDP-BIM framework is based on previous research and developments. Thus, firstly, IDP process was well formalized in the Roadmap for the Integrated Design Process‚ (Reed et al.) which is widely used as a guideline for collaborative integrative design by innovating practices in USA and Canada. Secondly, the National Building Information Modeling Standard (NBIMS) of the USA is putting an enormous effort in creating a BIM standard, Succar (2008) recently proposed a conceptual framework for BIM, but BIM ontology is still under development (Gursel et al 2009). Thirdly, an iterative design process bound to gating reviews (inspired from software development processes) was found to be successful in the context of multidisciplinary design studios (reported in our previous papers). The feedback from this study allowed for modifications and adjustments included in the present proposal. The gating process assures the good quality of the project and its compliance to the client's requirements. The challenge of this research is to map the above mentioned approaches, processes and technologies into the design process, thus creating an integrated framework supporting and nurturing sustainable design. The IDP-BIM framework can be represented by a multidimensional matrix linked to a semantic network knowledge database: - the axes of the matrix being the project timeline, the design process actors and building stakeholders (architect, engineers, client, contractor, environmental biologist, etc.), or different aspects of building performance (environmental, functional, social, interior environment quality, cost, etc.); and - the knowledge database providing multiple layers of semantic support in terms of process, domain knowledge, technology and workflow at a given moment of the project and for a given actor or building aspect. The IDP-BIM framework is created as an evolutive digital environment for know-how and will have an established protocol for regular updates. The paper will firstly present the state of the art in IDP and BIM. Secondly, it will expose the methodology used for the definition of the Framework, followed by a description of its structure, contents and digital implementation. Then, some scenarios for the use of the Framework will be shown as validation.
keywords	integrated design process, BIM, multidisciplinary design, conceptual framework
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	cf2011_p035
id	cf2011_p035
authors	Langenhan, Christoph; Weber Markus, Petzold Frank, Liwicki Marcus, Dengel Andreas
year	2011
title	Sketch-based Methods for Researching Building Layouts through the Semantic Fingerprint of Architecture
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 85-102.
summary	The paper focuses on the early stages of the design process where the architect needs assistance in finding reference projects and describes different aspects of a concept for retrieving previous design solutions with similar layout characteristics. Such references are typically used to see how others have solved a similar architectural problem or simply for inspiration. Current electronic search methods use textual information rather than graphical information. The configuration of space and the relations between rooms are hard to represent using keywords, in fact transforming these spatial configurations into verbally expressed typologies tends to result in unclear and often imprecise descriptions of architecture. Nowadays, modern IT-technologies lead to fundamental changes during the process of designing buildings. Digital representations of architecture require suitable approaches to the storage, indexing and management of information as well as adequate retrieval methods. Traditionally planning information is represented in the form of floor plans, elevations, sections and textual descriptions. State of the art digital representations include renderings, computer aided design (CAD) and semantic information like Building Information Modelling (BIM) including 2D and 3D file formats such as Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) (IAI, 2010). In the paper, we examine the development of IT-technologies in the area of case-based reasoning (Richter et al., 2007) to provide a sketch-based submission and retrieval system for publishing and researching building layouts including their manipulation and subsequent use. The user interface focuses on specifying space and their relations by drawing them. This query style supports the spatial thinking approach that architects use, who often have a visual representation in mind without being able to provide an accurate description of the spatial configuration. The semantic fingerprint proposed by (Langenhan, 2008) is a description and query language for creating an index of floor plans to store meta-data about architecture, which can be used as signature for retrieving reference projects. The functional spaces, such as living room or kitchen and the relation among on another, are used to create a fingerprint. Furthermore, we propose a visual sketch-based interface (Weber et al., 2010) based on the Touch&Write paradigm (Liwicki et al., 2010) for the submission and the retrieval phase. During the submission process the architect is sketching the space-boundaries, space relations and functional coherence's. Using state of the art document analysis techniques, the architects are supported offering an automatic detection of room boundaries and their physical relations. During the retrieval the application will interpret the sketches of the architect and find reference projects based on a similarity based search utilizing the semantic fingerprint. By recommending reference projects, architects will be able to reuse collective experience which match the current requirements. The way of performing a search using a sketch as a query is a new way of thinking and working. The retrieval of 3D models based on a sketched shape are already realized in several domains. We already propose a step further, using the semantics of a spatial configuration. Observing the design process of buildings reveals that the initial design phase serves as the foundation for the quality of the later outcome. The sketch-based approach to access valuable information using the semantic fingerprint enables the user to digitally capture knowledge about architecture, to recover and reuse it in common-sense. Furthermore, automatically analysed fingerprints can put forward both commonly used as well as best practice projects. It will be possible to rate architecture according to the fingerprint of a building.
keywords	new media, case-based reasoning, ontology, semantic building design, sketch-based, knowledge management
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	acadia11_000
id	acadia11_000
authors	Taron, Joshua M; Parlac, Vera; Kolarevic, Branko; Johnson, Jason S (eds.)
year	2011
title	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011
source	Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, 413 p.
summary	With the world turning its eyes to a new tomorrow and America reshaping and greening its infrastructure, The School of The Art Institute of Chicago, Department of Architecture, Interior Architecture and Designed Objects, is proud to host "reForm()" -- A conference that explores how architects, engineers, artists and designers are using new HARDWARE, SOFTWARE and MIDDLEWARE technologies to transform the ways in which buildings and spaces perform, act and operate. Set in the heart of Chicago, a city with a legacy of innovation in design and building technology, ACADIA09 provides a unique forum for the examination of emerging research and design in today's building and design professions.
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	sigradi2011_347
id	sigradi2011_347
authors	Trevisan Pupo, Regiane; Aranda, Isadora Magdalena
year	2011
title	Sentir um quadro [Feeling a painting]
source	SIGraDi 2011 [Proceedings of the 15th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Argentina - Santa Fe 16-18 November 2011, pp. 281-284
summary	Since 2007, LAPAC - Laboratory of Automation and Prototyping for Architecture and Construction, FEC, UNICAMP, has developed scientific researches in rapid prototyping. With the recent acquisition of a numerical control machine (CNC), LAPAC starts a new line of research, the digital fabrication, which gives the production possibility of real scale objects and its moulds. It is also possible to produce relief surfaces using a wide range of materials. This research?s purpose is to reproduce pictures in relief (2.5D) so that visually impaired and people with subnormal vision can experience art by touch and will reckon on LAB (Laboratory of Accessibility) of UNICAMP.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

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