Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2011_149
id	ecaade2011_149
authors	Popov, Nikolay
year	2011
title	Generative sub-division morphogenesis with Cellular Automata and Agent-Based Modelling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.166
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.166-174
summary	This paper reports on some recent research carried out to develop computational generative urban design system that can be used as an alternative approach to master planning. The focus of the investigation is an 11 ha site located in the South-East edge of Auckland, New Zealand. The urban (or sub-urban) morphology is modelled as cellular automaton based on Hillier’s (1984) x-y syntax in order to resemble the morphology of the existing village. An agent based system based on Reynolds’ (1987) flocking algorithm evolves synchronously with the automaton and tests its ecological fitness. The emergent pattern of development therefore results from the mutual co-adaption of the cellular automaton and the agent based model. The outcomes are variety of spatial morphologies that connects well with adjacent existing village and at the same time take into account landscape and ecological peculiarities of the site.
wos	WOS:000335665500019
keywords	Generative urban design; structural coupling; cellular automata; agent based modelling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	caadria2011_017
id	caadria2011_017
authors	Hanafin, Stuart; Sambit Datta and Bernard Rolfe
year	2011
title	Tree facades: Generative modelling with an axial branch rewriting system
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.175
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 175-184
summary	The methods and algorithms of generative modelling can be improved when representing organic structures by the study of computational models of natural processes and their application to architectural design. In this paper, we present a study of the generation of branching structures and their application to the development of façade support systems. We investigate two types of branching structures, a recursive bifurcation model and an axial tree based L-system for the generation of façades. The aim of the paper is to capture not only the form but also the underlying principles of biomimicry found in branching. This is then tested, by their application to develop experimental façade support systems. The developed algorithms implement parametric variations for façade generation based on natural tree-like branching. The benefits of such a model are: ease of structural optimization, variations of support and digital fabrication of façade components.
keywords	Parametric Modelling; Biomimicry; Lindenmayer Systems; Branching Structures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cf2011_p075
id	cf2011_p075
authors	Janssen, Patrick; Chen Kian Wee
year	2011
title	Visual Dataflow Modelling: A Comparison of Three Systems
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 801-816.
summary	Visual programming languages enable users to create computer programs by manipulating graphical elements rather than by entering text. The difference between textual languages and visual languages is that most textual languages use a procedural programming model, while most visual languages use a dataflow programming model. When visual programming is applied to design, it results in a new modelling approach that we refer to 'visual dataflow modelling' (VDM). Recently, VDM has becoming increasingly popular within the design community, as it can accelerate the iterative design process, thereby allowing larger numbers of design possibilities to be explored. Furthermore, it is now also becoming an important tool in performance-based design approaches, since it may potentially enable the closing of the loop between design development and design evaluation. A number of CAD systems now provide VDM interfaces, allowing designers to define form generating procedures without having to resort to scripting or programming. However, these environments have certain weaknesses that limit their usability. This paper will analyse these weaknesses by comparing and contrasting three VDM environments: McNeel Grasshopper, Bentley Generative Components, and Sidefx Houdini. The paper will focus on five key areas: * Conditional logic allow rules to be applied to geometric entities that control how they behave. Such rules will typically be defined as if-then-else conditions, where an action will be executed if a particular condition is true. A more advanced version of this is the while loop, where the action within the loop will be repeatedly executed while a certain condition remains true. * Local coordinate systems allow geometric entities to be manipulated relative to some convenient local point of reference. These systems may be either two-dimensional or three-dimensional, using either Cartesian, cylindrical, or spherical systems. Techniques for mapping geometric entities from one coordinate system to another also need to be considered. * Duplication includes three types: simple duplication, endogenous duplication, and exogenous duplication. Simple duplication consists of copying some geometric entity a certain number of times, producing identical copies of the original. Endogenous duplication consist of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined as part of the duplication process. Lastly, exogenous duplication consists of copying some geometric entity by applying a set of transformations that are defined by some other external geometry. * Part-whole relationships allow geometric entities to be grouped in various ways, based on the fundamental set-theoretic concept that entities can be members of sets, and sets can be members of other sets. Ways of aggregating data into both hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures, and ways of filtering data based on these structures need to be considered. * Spatial queries include relationships between geometric entities such as touching, crossing, overlapping, or containing. More advanced spatial queries include various distance based queries and various sorting queries (e.g. sorting all entities based on position) and filtering queries (e.g. finding all entities with a certain distance from a point). For each of these five areas, a simple benchmarking test case has been developed. For example, for conditional logic, the test case consists of a simple room with a single window with a condition: the window should always be in the longest north-facing wall. If the room is rotated or its dimensions changed, then the window must re-evaluate itself and possibly change position to a different wall. For each benchmarking test-case, visual programs are implemented in each of the three VDM environments. The visual programs are then compared and contrasted, focusing on two areas. First, the type of constructs used in each of these environments are compared and contrasted. Second, the cognitive complexity of the visual programming task in each of these environments are compared and contrasted.
keywords	visual, dataflow, programming, parametric, modelling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ijac20109203
id	ijac20109203
authors	Martini, Kirk
year	2011
title	Optimization and parametric modelling to support conceptual structural design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 2, 151-166
summary	The paper describes software combining parametric geometric modeling with a version of the harmony search method, modified to support multimodal structural optimization. Researchers have recognized the potential of population-based optimization methods, such as genetic algorithms, to support multimodal optimization: that is, generating a diverse range of good alternative solutions, rather than a single best solution. Among these methods is the harmony search method, which has been demonstrated to be efficient in many unimodal structural optimization problems. The paper describes a new version of the harmony search method, implemented as an assembly within Bentley's Generative Components, enabling high-level control of geometry. The new method is demonstrated on an bridge supported by two inclined parabolic arches, a structure where GC controls a complex geometry with a single variable. Comparative studies of the example find that the new method is more effective than conventional harmony search in consistently finding multiple good solutions.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	caadria2011_053
id	caadria2011_053
authors	Jalalian, Arash; Stephan K. Chalup and Michael J. Ostwald
year	2011
title	Agent-agent interaction as a component of agent-environment interaction in the modelling and analysis of pedestrian visual behaviour
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.555
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 555-564
summary	This multidisciplinary project involves concepts from architectural design, statistical learning, machine vision, and human ecology. The focus is on analysing how pedestrians’ dynamic behaviour in space is influenced by the environmental design of different architectural scenarios. This paper presents a multi-agent pedestrian simulation and analysis system that supports agent-to-agent interactions, different spatial desires, and interpersonal distance. The system simulates and analyses pedestrian spatial behaviour with combined focus on movement trajectories, walking speed, and the visual gaze vector. The analysis component relies on learning a statistical model characterising normal/abnormal behaviour, based on sample observations of regular pedestrian movements without/with the impacts of significant visual attractions in the environment. Using the example of Wheeler Place in Newcastle (Australia) our pilot experiments demonstrate how pedestrian behaviour characteristics can depend on selected features in the visual environment. The presented system will allow architects and urban designers to obtain better assessment of planned urban spaces and streetscape characteristics and their impacts on pedestrian behaviour.
keywords	Agent interaction; pedestrian behaviour; analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia11_82
id	acadia11_82
authors	Ahlquist, Sean; Menges, Achim
year	2011
title	Behavior-based Computational Design Methodologies: Integrative processes for force defined material structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.082
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 82-89
summary	With the introduction of physics-based algorithms and modeling environments, design processes have been shifting from the representation of materiality to the simulation of approximate material descriptions. Such computational processes are based upon enacting physical and material behavior, such as gravity, drag, tension, bending, and inflation, within a generative modeling environment. What is often lacking from this strategy is an overall understanding of computational design; that information of increasing value and precision is generated through the development and iterative execution of specific principles and integrative mechanisms. The value of a physics-based modeling method as an information engine is often overlooked, though, as they are primarily utilized for developing representational diagrams or static geometry – inevitably translated to function outside of the physical bounds and parameters defined with the modeling process. The definition of computational design provides a link between process and a larger approach towards architecture – an integrative behavior-based process which develops dynamic specific architectural systems interrelated in their material, spatial, and environmental nature. This paper, focusing on material integration, describes the relation of a computational design approach and the technical framework for a behavior-based integrative process. The application is in the development of complex tension-active architectural systems. The material behavior of tensile meshes and surfaces is integrated and algorithmically calibrated to allow for complex geometries to be materialized as physical systems. Ultimately, this research proposes a computational structure by which material and other sorts of spatial or structural behaviors can be activated within a generative design environment.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2011_012
id	caadria2011_012
authors	Biao, Li and Li Rong
year	2011
title	Searching generative methods based on building environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2011.123
source	Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / The University of Newcastle, Australia 27-29 April 2011, pp. 123-132
summary	Architectural contexts present both resources and restrictions from local spatial environment, such as factors of sunlight, landscape, line of sight, terrain and etc. They play important roles in architectural design. Following the traditional methods, it takes the architects lots of time to analyse the relative relationships. This paper takes terrain and sunlight into consideration to illustrate how to employ generative methods at the early stage of architectural design.
keywords	Terrain context; sunlight; multi-agent; genetic algorithm, evolve
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	b339
id	b339
authors	Bunster, Victor
year	2011
title	Tropism-oriented generative design: Analogical models for heterogeneous goal integration
source	Master of Philosophy (MPhil) Thesis. Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne.
summary	Architecture often requires integration between heterogeneous objectives. Both empirical requirements and speculative aspirations inform design in ways that resist ready formalization under computerizable logic. This thesis explores the possibilities of tropism-analogy as strategy for tackling some of these diverse objectives in a generative system. The feasibility of addressing heterogeneous goals with a computerizable design system is established by reviewing the role of rule-based strategies in vernacular tradition and the possibilities of analogies in recent generative methods. Then, the concept of tropism is analysed in depth, starting from its origins to its manifestation in a broad range of disciplines. This analysis leads to the definition of tropism as a ‘process of turn’ that enables purposeful connections between a system and its environment, an invariant property that may result in different levels of adaptation. These generalized conditions are used as conceptual foundation to explore analogical connections between divergent dimensions of architectural problems, and to define a feedback-enabled generative system that uses tropism-inspired rules in tackling contrasting design objectives. This system is implemented as a proof-of-concept for the Chilean social housing program, where is used to generate façade prototypes that respond simultaneously to thermal comfort and formal expression criteria. The outcomes of this thesis suggest that tropism-analogy can be used in tackling heterogeneous façade objectives and, therefore, to define novel design methods to explore goal-integration in computer-based generative architecture systems.
keywords	generative architecture, design computation, tropism analogy, goal integration, social housing
series	thesis:MSc
type	normal paper
email
more	http://dtl.unimelb.edu.au/R/98KH7M6SLEUI1J2GUA82K5A1AQSR7NK9HMI4GPCRJGFAEYDGHF-01472?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=277253&local_base=GEN01&pds_handle=GUEST
last changed	2012/07/06 17:57

_id	ecaade2011_108
id	ecaade2011_108
authors	Celani, Gabriela; Beirão, José N.; Duarte, José P.: Vaz, Carlos
year	2011
title	Optimizing the “characteristic structure”: Combining shape grammars and genetic algorithms to generate urban patterns
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.491
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.491-500
summary	The present paper is part of an undergoing research that aims at developing software that can generate urban plans, based on contemporary urban design concepts, in an optimized way. As a design method, the project proposes the use of the trilogy formulation/ generation/evaluation, which starts with an outline of the design requirements, proceeds with the definition of generative procedures that can result in these requirements, and follows with the evaluation of the generated designs. The paper describes the development of a computer program that implements some of Marshall’s evaluation methods, and further elaborates them to define generative criteria and to optimize the resulting designs with GA techniques. The program aims at generating what Marshall calls a “characteristic structure”, a type of urban fabric that is usually found in vernacular urban fabrics.
wos	WOS:000335665500057
keywords	Generative design; urban design; genetic algorithms; shape grammars
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	cf2011_p165
id	cf2011_p165
authors	Chasznar, Andre
year	2011
title	Navigating Complex Models in Collaborative Work for (Sustainably) Integrated Design
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 619-636.
summary	Increasingly intensive use of computational techniques such as parametric-associative modeling, algorithmic design, performance simulations and generative design in architecture, engineering and construction are leading to increasingly large and complex 3D building models which in turn require increasingly powerful techniques in order to be manipulated and interpreted effectively. Further complexities are of course due also to the multi-disciplinary nature of building projects, in which there can be significant variation and even conflict among the aims of architects, engineers and builders, as well as owners, occupants and other stakeholders in the process. Effective use of model information depends to a large extent on sense-making, which can in some ways be helped but also hindered by schemes for organizing the information contained. Common techniques such as layering, labeling (aka ‚Äòtagging‚Äô) and assignment of various other attributes to model objects have significant limitations ‚Äì especially those arising from general problems of language, ontology and standardization, as well as but distinct from issues of interoperability ‚Äì both with respect to locating the desired items in a 3D building model and also with respect to displaying the objects in informative ways which effectively assist collaborative design and decision-making. Sustainable design in particular is an area generally requiring a high level of inter-disciplinary collaboration to achieve highly integrated designs which make multiple use of the elements and systems incorporated (though integrated design may also be pursued without explicit aims of sustainability). The proposed paper describes ongoing research concerning alternatives to the currently common techniques for locating and displaying information in 3D building models in support of sense-making to promote collaborative and integrated design. These alternatives comprise on the one hand interactive geometric-content-based methods for search and classification of model objects ‚Äì as an alternative or complement to common assigned-attribute-based methods ‚Äì and on the other hand visual analytic techniques ‚Äì in contrast to existing, relatively static tabular and "physical" views ‚Äì which can help to increase the informativeness of the geometric data within the model, as well as the non-geometric data that is attached to geometric objects (e.g. as in the cases of BIM and various types of CAE performance simulations). Tests undertaken with architects and engineers in practice and academia to evaluate the proposed methods are also described. Finally conclusions are drawn regarding these methods‚Äô positive present performance and some of their shortcomings, as well as indicating directions for future research concerning the methods‚Äô refinement and extension to help 3D building models become more effective components of the design process than they are at present, both with respect to these models‚Äô present levels of complexity and especially with respect to their anticipated increasing complexity in future.
keywords	CAD/CAE/BIM, content-based search, visual analytics
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ecaade2011_114
id	ecaade2011_114
authors	Droste, Stephan
year	2011
title	Turmitecture: A generic approach for autonomous topological generation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.558
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.558-562
summary	The paper describes and discusses a generic approach for generative design by Turing Machines operating on a three-dimensionally folded surface. It is part of an on going research on concurrent cooperative design processes in architecture. During the development of systems for simplified generic interaction in spatial design, it turned out that the basic operations are applicable to be processed by non-sophisticated automata. If the spatial configuration is interpreted as the medium for an ordinary state machine, the whole system adds up to a kind of Turing Machine. Since 2D-Turing Machines are often referred to as “turmites”, and the proposed system is based on a yet three-dimensional folded, but still twodimensional surface - the automaton will be called “Turmitect”.
wos	WOS:000335665500064
keywords	Collaborative Design; Generative Design; Design Concepts; Shape Studies; Virtual Architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	ecaade2013_104
id	ecaade2013_104
authors	Figueiredo, Bruno; Duarte, José Pinto and Krüger, Mário
year	2013
title	Albertian Grammatical Transformations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.687
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 687-696
summary	This paper presents a research on the use of shape grammars as an analytical tool in the history of architecture. It evolves within a broader project called Digital Alberti, whose goal is to determine the influence of De re aedificatoria treatise on Portuguese Renaissance architecture, making use of a computational framework (Krüger et al., 2011).Previous work was concerned with the development of a shape grammar for generating sacred buildings according to the rules textually described in the treatise. This work describes the transformation of the treatise grammar into another grammar that can also account for the generation of Alberti’s built work.
wos	WOS:000340643600071
keywords	Shape grammars; parametric modelling; generative design; Alberti; classical architecture.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2011_018
id	ecaade2011_018
authors	Grobman, Yasha J.; Ron, Ruth
year	2011
title	Digital Form Finding: Generative use of simulation processes by architects in the early stages of the design process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.107
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.107-115
summary	The paper presents performance oriented approaches to digital form finding which stems from the lines of research on performance and morphogenesis in architectural design. The main contribution to the earlier research is threefold; it examines the potential of the presented design processes to integrate interdisciplinary approach based on the use of simulation tools by architects or direct data exchange between simulation tools and design. Secondly, it explores new methods to generate initial architectural form based on performance information that apply to both building scale and urban scale, and lastly, it develops the theoretical framework on the ramifications of employing simulation technology and techniques in architectural design.
wos	WOS:000335665500012
keywords	Form generation; performance; simulation; parametric design; form finding
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadia11_72
id	acadia11_72
authors	Menges, Achim
year	2011
title	Integrative Design Computation: Integrating material behaviour and robotic manufacturing processes in computational design for performative wood constructions
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2011.072
source	ACADIA 11: Integration through Computation [Proceedings of the 31st Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA)] [ISBN 978-1-6136-4595-6] Banff (Alberta) 13-16 October, 2011, pp. 72-81
summary	In contrast to most other building materials, wood is a naturally grown biological tissue. Today, the organic nature of wood is recognized as a major advantage. Wood is one of the very few naturally renewable, fully recyclable, extremely energy efficient and CO2-positive construction materials. On the other hand, compared to industrially produced, isotropic materials, the inherent heterogeneity and differentiated material makeup of wood’s anatomic structure is still considered problematic by architects and engineers alike. This is due to the fact that, even today, most design tools employed in architecture are still incapable of integrating and thus instrumentalizing the material properties and related complex behavior of wood. The research presented in this paper focuses on the development of a computational design approach that is based on the integration of material properties and characteristics. Understanding wood as a natural composite system of cellulose fibers embedded in a lignin and hemicelluloses matrix characterized by relatively high strain at failure, that is high load-bearing capacity with relatively low stiffness, the particular focus of this paper is the investigation of how the bending behavior of wood can become a generative design driver in such computational processes. In combination with the additional integration of the possibilities and constraints of robotic manufacturing processes, this enables the design and production of truly material-specific and highly performative wood architecture. The paper will provide a detailed explanation of such an integrative approach to design computation and the related methods and techniques. This is complemented by the description of three specific research projects, which were conducted as part of the overall research and all resulted in full scale prototype structures. The research projects demonstrate different approaches to the computational design integration of material behavior and robotic manufacturing constraints. Based on a solution space defined by the material itself, this enables novel ways of computationally deriving both material-specific gestalt and performative capacity of one of the oldest construction materials we have.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2011_088
id	ecaade2011_088
authors	Paio, Alexandra; Reis, Joaquim; Santos, Filipe; Lopes, Pedro Faria; Eloy, Sara; Rato, Vasco
year	2011
title	Emerg.cities4all: Towards a shape grammar based computational system tool for generating a sustainable and integrated urban design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2011.152
source	RESPECTING FRAGILE PLACES [29th eCAADe Conference Proceedings / ISBN 978-9-4912070-1-3], University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Architecture (Slovenia) 21-24 September 2011, pp.152-158
summary	The ongoing research project called “Emerg.cities4all” is focused on the development of a generative computer-aided planning support system for cities and housing to low-income populations, using a descriptive method as the Shape Grammars and based on multi-agent rule-based system. The goal is to develop a system that could reveal the cultural, social and spatial dynamics involved in the genesis of informal settlements (favelas, musseques and caniços) and use it to generate contemporary humanized urban morphologies. The multi agent shape grammar implementation could generate automatically designs according to different types of users: urban planners, architect and local end users. This paper presents the methodology and the initial results of the research, using an informal settlement as a case study.
wos	WOS:000335665500017
keywords	Shape grammar; Multi-agent systems; Urban design; Informal settlements; Emergcities4all
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/05/01 23:21

_id	acadia17_512
id	acadia17_512
authors	Rossi, Andrea; Tessmann, Oliver
year	2017
title	Collaborative Assembly of Digital Materials
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2017.512
source	ACADIA 2017: DISCIPLINES & DISRUPTION [Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-96506-1] Cambridge, MA 2-4 November, 2017), pp. 512- 521
summary	Current developments in design-to-production workflows aim to allow architects to quickly prototype designs that result from advanced design processes while also embedding the constraints imposed by selected fabrication equipment. However, the enduring physical separation between design space and fabrication space, together with a continuous approach to both design, via NURBs modeling software, and fabrication, through irreversible material processing methods, limit the possibilities to extend the advantages of a “digital” approach (Ward 2010), such as full editability and reversibility, to physical realizations. In response to such issues, this paper proposes a processto allow the concurrent design and fabrication of discrete structures in a collaborative process between human designer and a 6-axis robotic arm. This requires the development of design and materialization procedures for discrete aggregations, including the modeling of assembly constraints, as well as the establishment of a communication platform between human and machine actors. This intends to offer methods to increase the accessibility of discrete design methodologies, as well as to hint at possibilities for overcoming the division between design and manufacturing (Carpo 2011; Bard et al. 2014), thus allowing intuitive design decisions to be integrated directly within assembly processes (Johns 2014).
keywords	material and construction; construction/robotics; smart assembly/construction; generative system
series	ACADIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ijac20109204
id	ijac20109204
authors	Shepherd, Paul; Roly Hudson, David Hines
year	2011
title	Aviva Stadium: A parametric success
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 2, 167-186
summary	The Aviva Stadium, Dublin, is the first stadium to be designed from start to finish using commercially available parametric modelling software. A single model in Bentley’s Generative Components was shared between architects and engineers, which allowed the optimised design of form, structure and fac_ade. The parametric software was extended where necessary to integrate with structural analysis and to automate fabrication. By reducing the overhead associated with design iterations, this approach allowed detailed exploration of options and early identification and resolution of potential problems. In this paper, the authors add to the body of scientific knowledge by describing in detail the methods which led to the construction of the Aviva Stadium.This paper is written in light of the completed building and provides information on the generation and control of the envelope geometry, development and analysis of structure and documentation for construction.Whilst these components have been discussed independently previously [1–4], here these aspects are drawn together for the first time and are presented alongside thoughts on the manufacturing and construction processes from the project architect.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	cf2011_p060
id	cf2011_p060
authors	Sheward, Hugo; Eastman Charles
year	2011
title	Preliminary Concept Design (PCD) Tools for Laboratory Buildings, Automated Design Optimization and Assessment Embedded in Building Information Modeling (BIM) Tools.
source	Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures 2011 [Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 9782874561429] Liege (Belgium) 4-8 July 2011, pp. 451-476.
summary	The design of laboratory buildings entails the implementation of a variety of design constraints such as building codes; design guidelines and technical requirements. The application of these requires from designers the derivation of data not explicitly available at early stages of design, at the same time there is no precise methodology to control the consistency, and accuracy of their application. Many of these constraints deal with providing secure environmental conditions for the activities inside laboratories and their repercussions both for the building occupants and population in general, these constraints mandate a strict control over the building‚Äôs Mechanical Equipment (MEP), in particular the Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Due to the importance of these laboratory designers are expected to assess their designs not only according spatial relationships, but also design variables such as HVAC efficiency, air pressure hierarchies, operational costs, and the possible implications of their design decisions in the biological safety of the facility. At this point in time, there are no practical methods for making these assessments, without having constant interaction with HVAC specialists. The assessment of laboratory design variables, particularly those technical in nature, such as dimensioning of ducts or energy consumption are usually performed at late stages of design. They are performed by domain experts using data manually extracted from design information, with the addition of domain specific knowledge, the evaluation is done mostly through manual calculations or building simulations. In traditional practices most expert evaluations are performed once the architectural design have been completed, the turn around of the evaluation might take hours or days depending on the methods used by the engineer, therefore reducing the possibility for design alternatives evaluation. The results of these evaluations will give clues about sizing of the HVAC equipment, and might generate the need for design reformulations, causing higher development costs and time delays. Several efforts in the development of computational tools for automated design evaluation such as wheel chair accessibility (Han, Law, Latombe, Kunz, 2002) security and circulation (Eastman, 2009), and construction codes (ww.Corenet.gov.sg) have demonstrated the capabilities of rule or parameter based building assessment; several computer applications capable of supporting HVAC engineers in system designing for late concept or design development exist, but little has been done to assess the capabilities of computer applications to support laboratory design during architectural Preliminary Concept Design(PCD) (Trcka, Hensen, 2010). Developments in CAD technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) have opened doors to formal explorations in generative design using rule based or parametric modeling [7]. BIM represents buildings as a collection of objects with their own geometry, attributes, and relations. BIM also allows for the definition of objects parametrically including their relation to other model objects. BIM has enabled the development of automated rule based building evaluation (Eastman, 2009). Most of contemporary BIM applications contemplate in their default user interfaces access to design constraints and object attribute manipulations. Some even allow for the application of rules over these. Such capabilities make BIM viable platforms for automation of design data derivation and for the implementation of generative based design assessment. In this paper we analyze the possibilities provided by contemporary BIM for implementing generative based design assessment in laboratory buildings. In this schema, domain specific knowledge is embedded in to the BIM system as to make explicit design metrics that can help designers and engineers to assess the performance of design alternatives. The implementation of generative design assessments during PCD can help designers and engineers to identify design issues early in the process, reducing the number of revisions and reconfigurations in later stages of design. And generally improving design performance.
keywords	Heating ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC), Building Information Models (BIM), Generative Design Assessment
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2012/02/11 19:21

_id	ijac20109202
id	ijac20109202
authors	van Embden, Maria Vera; Andres, Michela Turrin, Peter von Buelow
year	2011
title	ARCHITECTURAL DNA: A genetic exploration of complex structures
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 2, 133-150
summary	The approach demonstrated in this paper uses Evolutionary Computation (EC) to enhance and modify structural form based on biological micro structures.The forms are modified to conform to new boundary conditions associated with architectural structures.The process is based on a Genetic Algorithm (GA) which visually exposes for the designer a range of good performing solutions within thedesign space. The application of the GA is combined with parametric software, in this case Generative Components (GC). The program described here as ParaGen (Parametric Genetic Algorithm), uses a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to determine the structural performance of the forms.This allows the designer to manipulate and optimize a parametrically defined model based on predefined criteria and parameters.The opportunities and limitations of this design process are explored and evaluated based on an experimental case study using topologies based on radiolarian skeletons.The design procedure described includes user interaction in the exploration of solutions that perform well both for the explicitly defined programmatic criteria (structural) as well as for the implicit criteria provided by the designer (visual aesthetic).
keywords	structural morphology, parametric design, genetic algorithm, structural optimization.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ijac20109102
id	ijac20109102
authors	Yeung Wendy K.; Jeremy Harkins
year	2011
title	Digital Architecture for Humanitarian Design in Post-Disaster Reconstruction
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 9 - no. 1, 17-32
summary	Digital tools and computational design processes are rapidly changing architecture. Nonetheless their applications in humanitarian design remain under researched. Generative algorithmic design is particularly useful in humanitarian design and post disaster reconstruction. Firstly, the extreme conditions in these contexts pose many constraints that can be parametricised and form the basis of a parametric design. Secondly, optimal use of scarce resources are enabled by integrating these interrelated performance requirements. Thirdly, a robust model definition afforded through parametric modelling enables a mass customised design to adjust for different site and user requirements, and most importantly it allows improvements in subsequent design based on community evaluation. As part of an ongoing research in fusing advanced computational techniques in humanitarian architecture, the post-tsunami rebuilding program of Emergency Architects Australia in the Solomon Islands is presented as a case study to identify successes, opportunities and limitations of a system of digital tools.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

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