CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 27

_id ecaade2012_290
id ecaade2012_290
authors Barakat, Merate
year 2012
title Urban Acoustic Simulation: Analysis of Urban Public Spaces through Auditory senses
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 587-592
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.587
wos WOS:000330322400060
summary This paper explores the sonic characteristics of urban spaces, with the application of apprehending acoustic space and form theory. The theory defines auditory spaces as acoustical arenas, which are spaces defi ned and delineated by sonic events. Historically, cities were built around a soundmark, for example, the resonance of a church bell or propagation of a calling for prayer, or a factory horn. Anyone living beyond the horizon of this soundmark was not considered citizens of that town. Furthermore, the volume of urban sonic arenas depends on natural. Digital simulation is necessary to visualize the ephemeral and temporal nature of sound, within a dynamic immersive environment like urban spaces. This paper digitally analyses the different morphologies of old cities and forms of growth in relation to the sound propagation and ecological effects. An experiment is conducted with the aid of an ancient North-African city model, exposed to a point cloud agent system. By analysing how the sound propagates from the known soundmark through the urban fabric, with the wind pressure interference; the paper compares the theoretical concept of soundmarks and the known perimeter of the ancient city
keywords Urban Public Spaces; Aural Design; Auditory Arena Simulation; Soundmark
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2012_54
id sigradi2012_54
authors Barbosa, Wilson; Araújo, André Luís; Celani, Gabriela
year 2012
title Modelagem paramétrica para o projeto e produção automatizados de uma peça de mobiliário: um exercício de aplicação [Parametric Design and Digital Fabrication of a Reception Desk: a design exercise]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 561-565
summary This paper describes a design experiment of a reception desk. Automated procedures were used in the process: a parametric design generated the form and connections. Computer models and physical prototypes were produced in order to develop construction details and preview results. We compared this exercise with the method used to design Aviva Stadium in Dublin. It was possible to conclude that the use of a generative method along with automated procedures did not restrict creativity, allowing the quick exploration of multiple design alternatives.
keywords parametric design, digital fabrication, CAD/CAM, file-to-factory
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2012_163
id ecaade2012_163
authors Barbosa, Wilson; Araújo, André; Carvalho, Guilherme; Celani, Gabriela
year 2012
title Samba Reception Desk: Compromising Aesthetics, Fabrication and Structural Performance in the Design Process
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 255-263
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.255
wos WOS:000330320600025
summary The present paper describes an integrative design experiment in which different types of models were used in order to achieve a design that compromises aesthetics, lightness, fabrication, assembly and structural performance. It shows how an integrative approach, through the use of both virtual and physical models, can provide valuable feedback in different phases of the design and fabrication process. It was possible to conclude that the design method used allowed solving many problems and had a significant impact in the resulting object.
keywords Design process; structural analysis; parametric design; digital fabrication; integrative design; models in design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2012_193
id ecaade2012_193
authors Barczik, Günter
year 2012
title Leaving Flatland behind: Algebraic surfaces and the chimaera of pure horizontality in Architecture
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 433-441
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.433
wos WOS:000330322400044
summary We argue that the prevalence of continuous flat floor surfaces in architecture is comprehensible but fallacious, and that this chimaera can be overcome through studying and employing the sculptural potential of algebraic surfaces which suggest spatial possibilities that enrich designers’ vocabulary enormously. We continue, deepen and extend research the basics and early results of which were presented at the last two eCAADe conferences in Istanbul and Zürich. We present and discuss a university-based experimental design and research project that demonstrates how Algebraic Surfaces can drastically amplify the so far only tentative exploration of the possibilities of non-fl at fl oor surfaces in Architecture.
keywords Algebraic Geometry; Shape; Sculpture; Design; Tool; Experiment; Methodology; Software
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2012_270
id sigradi2012_270
authors Brod, Gustavo Alcantara; Pires, Janice; Borda, Adriane
year 2012
title Um ensaio para inserção do conceito de processos generativos digitais em estágios iniciais da formação em arquitetura [An experiment for introducing the concept of generative processes in early stages of architectural education]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 611-614
summary The use of digital media for representation is already strongly established among architects and students of architecture, however, despite the rapid technological developments and growing research, the use of advanced digital technology to generate and manipulate complex forms is still far less present in the learning and teaching of architectural design. This study presents a didactical approach for introducing generative design as a method for form exploration through parametric geometric representation. The activity presented in this paper was exercised with second and fifth semester students, working with form generation and variation using Grasshopper as a parametric design tool.
keywords digital generative processes; parametric design, Grasshopper; geometric design, design didactics.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2012_333
id sigradi2012_333
authors da Silva, Isabelle Maria Mensato; Viz, Simone Helena Tanoue
year 2012
title Ensino de Arquitetura e Urbanismo com auxilio de ferramentas digitais [Teaching Architecture and Urbanism with help of digital tools]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 522-526
summary This article aims to discuss the importance of freehand drawings in the architectural projective process in the context of the digital age, through the use of tablets. It is intended to identify how these drawings, using tablets, keep the perception and the personal dash of each one. This research aims not only to review and update the drawing´s disciplines in the architecture courses - its practices and procedures - but also to discuss the actual role of representation - analogical or digital - and its interaction with others disciplines. The first research, done in 2011, indicated possibilities of interface with CAD, Revit and Sketch-up. The second part, in course in this year, 2012, is trying to experiment the use of tablets in three others disciplines: History of Architecture and Urbanism I, Landscaping and Project I, in the Instituto de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da USP, São Carlos, Brasil.
keywords freehand drawing, graphic, tablet, digital media
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

_id sigradi2012_348
id sigradi2012_348
authors de Abreu, Sandro Canavezzi
year 2012
title Regimes de permeabilidade entre o humano e os meios digitais e a tensão entre o digital e o analógico em processos de criação em Arquitetura [Regimes of permeability between human and digital media and the tension between digital and analogical in creative processes in Architecture]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 69-73
summary This article intends to introduce the concept of regimes of permeability (mirroring, transparency and crossing) between man and digital machine as a framework for understanding the relation between analogical and digital and that is also present in computer mediated creative processes in Architecture. These regimes are based in the relation between the concepts information and transduction. Finally, it will be described an experiment where an interface was created relating to the regimes of permeability.
keywords espelho; informação; transdução; interfaces
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

_id ecaade2012_207
id ecaade2012_207
authors Felasari, Sushardjanti ; Peng, Chengzhi
year 2012
title Supporting Urban Design Learning with Collective Memory Enhanced Virtual City: The Virtual Jalan Malioboro Experiment
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 195-202
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.195
wos WOS:000330322400019
summary The paper reports on the observation of how students can be supported in urban design learning through the use of an experimental collective memory enhanced virtual city - Virtual Jalan Malioboro. This study focuses on how instances of people’s collective memory of the Malioboro Street could be digitally represented and connected with the 3D models of buildings and places of the street. An evaluative study was conducted in a real university educational setting to test how it can support urban design learning. The results show that by enhancing 3D models with collective memory, students are facilitated to become more engaged with the urban site and knowledgeable of historical contextual issues.
keywords Urban design; virtual learning environment; collective memory
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2012_119
id caadria2012_119
authors Fukuda, Tomohiro; Masaharu Taguchi, Ayako Shimizu and Lei Sun
year 2012
title Availability of a distributed and synchronised type meeting by using cloud computing type VR for spatial design study
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 203–210
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.203
summary The mobility of people's activities, and cloud computing technologies are becoming advanced in the modern age of information and globalisation. This study describes the availability of discussing spatial design while sharing a 3-dimensional virtual space with stakeholders in a distributed and synchronised environment. First of all, a townscape design support system based on a cloud computing type VR system is constructed. Next, an experiment of a distributed and synchronised discussion of townscape design is executed with subjects who are specialists in the townscape design field. After the experiment, both qualitative mental evaluation and quantitative evaluation were carried out. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Users who use VR frequently and who use videoconferencing consider that the difference with face-to-face discussion is small. 2. A Moiré pattern may occur in a gradation picture. 3. The availability of distributed and synchronised discussions with cloud computing type VR is high.
keywords Spatial design; distributed and synchronised environment; communication; cloud computing; Virtual Reality
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id sigradi2012_247
id sigradi2012_247
authors Gomes, Lucas Ariel; Barbosa, Wilson; Araújo, André Luís; Celani, Gabriela
year 2012
title Exercício Projetual de uma Estrutura de Cobertura com a Utilização do Diagrama de Voronoi no plug-in Grasshopper [Design experiment with the use of Voronoi Diagrams in Grasshopper plug-in: a roof structure]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 636-640
summary This paper describes a design experiment with the use of Voronoi Diagrams, a systematic division of the metric space based on a set of points. Automated procedures were used in the process: a script that generated sets of random points and a plug in that automatically generated polygons based on these points. Computer models, scale models and full scale prototypes were produced in order to develop construction details and preview results. It was possible to conclude that the use of a generative method along with automated procedures is far from restricting creativity, allowing the quick exploration of multiple design alternatives.
keywords Roof structure; Voronoi Diagram; Grasshopper
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id sigradi2012_101
id sigradi2012_101
authors Granero, Adriana Edith; Brignone, Mabel Clara
year 2012
title Simulación Urbana: Modelados colaborativos y manipulación digital de la información [Urban Simulation: Modelled collaborative and digital manipulation of information]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 117-120
summary The purpose of this experiment was the use of collective intelligence and socially distributed knowledge production for syntactic and analytic reconstruction of urban space. This collaborative learning module involves the integration of multiple exchange mechanisms both tooling and communication. The dynamics raised was committed with peers and collaboration in building an urban environment. This digital model of urban environment, operate in other thematic modules, and other academic units will tend to be a facilitator of the project process For data collection perceptual dynamics were explored, the author puts intention in creating digital graphics records.
keywords Didáctica colaborativa/ grupos anidados/ redes didácticas/ multiplataforma/ recursividad
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id ecaade2012_305
id ecaade2012_305
authors Gürsoy, Benay
year 2012
title The Hands-On Basics of Contemporary Design Education
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 59-66
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.059
wos WOS:000330320600005
summary Learning in the design studio is usually fostered by doing and refl ecting on what is done. This paper fi rstly reiterates that the doing in design is computing, in order to argue for the need for a hands-on design learning even more so in the age of digital curricula. Secondly, it corroborates the importance of tactile involvement in doing, and thus computing, to foster design learning. An experiment is conducted with 15 first year students of architecture the results of which support the argument that hands-on involvement and its interpretation as computing is essential to learning in the studio.
keywords Basic Design; digital curriculum; design computing; design cognition; physical interaction
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ascaad2012_013
id ascaad2012_013
authors Ibrahim, Mohamed ; Alan Bridges, Scott Chase, Samir Bayoumi, and Dina Taha
year 2012
title Grammatically Thinking - Summing Up the Teaching of the First Year With a Comprehensive Grammatical Project
source CAAD | INNOVATION | PRACTICE [6th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2012 / ISBN 978-99958-2-063-3], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 21-23 February 2012, pp. 129-140
summary This paper describes a teaching experience conducted and carried out as part of the coursework of first year students of architecture at Strathclyde University. The workshop is the Third of three workshops planned to take place during the course of the first year studio, aimed at introducing new ways of thinking and introducing students to a new pattern of architectural education. The experiment was planned under the theme of “Evaluation” during the Final stage. A grammatical approach was chosen to deliver the methodology in the design studio, based on shape grammars.
series ASCAAD
email
more http://www.ascaad.org/conference/2012/papers/ascaad2012_013.pdf
last changed 2012/05/15 20:46

_id caadria2012_036
id caadria2012_036
authors Kaushik, Vignesh Srinivas and Patrick Janssen
year 2012
title Multi-criteria evolutionary optimisation of building enveloped during conceptual stages of design
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 497–506
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.497
summary This paper focuses on using evolutionary algorithms during conceptual stages of design process for multi-criteria optimisation of building envelopes. An experiment is carried out in optimising a panelled building envelope. The design scenario for the experiment is based on the scenario described in Shea et al. (2006) for the building envelope of the Media Centre Building in Paris. However, in their research, the optimisation process only allowed panel configuration to be optimised. In this paper, the task is to approach the optimisation of the envelope of the same building, assuming it to be in the early phases of the design process. The space of possible solutions is therefore assumed to be much wider, and as a result both external building form and internal layout of functional activities are allowed to vary. The performance intent of the experiment remains the same as that of Shea et al. (2006), which was to maximise daylight and minimise afternoon direct sun hours in the building at certain specific locations.
keywords Multi-criteria optimisation; building envelopes; conceptual stages of design evolutionary algorithms; parametric design
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id caadria2012_045
id caadria2012_045
authors Khoo, C. K. and F. D. Salim
year 2012
title A responsive morphing media skin
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 517–526
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.517
summary Existing media façades do not function as fenestration devices. They have been used mainly for visual communication and aesthetic purposes. This paper introduces a responsive morphing skin that can act as an active fenestration device as well as a media skin. We investigate new possibilities of using form-changing materials in designing responsive morphing skins that respond to environmental conditions and act as a communicative display. The design experiment that embodied this investigation, namely Blind, serves as a new layer of analogue media brise-soleil for existing space. It communicates the relationships between interior and exterior spaces visually and projects mutable imageries to the surrounding environment through sunlight. The design process of Blind simulates the responsive behaviour of the intended architectural skin by integrating physical computing and parametric design tools. This process includes the integration of soft apertures and architectural morphing skin to introduce a novel design method that enables an architectural skin to be a means of communication and fenestration. It responds to changing stimuli and intends to improve the spatial quality of existing environments through two types of transformations: morphological and patterned.
keywords Media façades; elasticity; responsive architecture; formchanging materials; kinetic skin
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id caadria2012_043
id caadria2012_043
authors Lan, Wei-Hsien and Teng-Wen Chang
year 2012
title Visualising the design process with dynamic graph
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 111–120
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.111
summary Design Process is a continuous decision-making movement. Yet, the designer usually executes the process in a jumping way, from state to the other. Nevertheless, this kind of jumping process would cause loss of some essential information, such as a glance of design, or certain process of shape evolvement which designers want to know. Those unrecorded and therefore missing statistics information are very important to the research of design thinking and process. This study employs an animation and comic as research objects. In addition to utilising the methods of thinking aloud and protocol analysis, as well as recording the progress of this experiment, the information is digitalised. By using computer to develop a webpage-interface visualisation cloud system, called Dynamic Graph System which records and collects the evolving data generated from the space design process and stores this information into the cloud database. The system, then, uses the State space as a base, and utilises the derivative Dynamic Graph of spatial style which is evolved from the collected data of the Design Process. By studying and analysing the dynamic graphs, to investigate whether we can acquire more information of design process by using information visualisation approach to record of the evolution of the design process and helped the designers or not. This study intends to explore whether Dynamic Graph System helps and assists the designer to be more efficient in completing his/her work from the interaction between Dynamic Graph System and the designer.
keywords Design process; information visualisation; state space search; dynamic graph
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id acadia12_343
id acadia12_343
authors Leidi, Michele ; Schlüter, Arno
year 2012
title Formal and Functional Implications of Dynamics-Related Solar Design Schemes
source ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 343-354
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.343
summary In recent years several solar radiation simulation tools have been developed to assist architects in analyzing the performance of existing building designs. However it is often unclear how the results of these analyses can help to generate new solutions and thus be truly beneficial for innovation in sustainable architectural design. Recent developments in open source applications that allow links between energy simulation engines and 3D modeling environments open a new layer of understanding. The possibility to better understand the dynamic interaction between incident solar radiation and building envelopes allows the synthesis of new architectural design-schemes. This paper presents the results of a series of experiments based on the case-study of a mid-latitude single-family house in Taiki-Cho, Japan. The first experiment describes how the incident solar energy interacts with the exposed components of the envelope. The second experiment describes how the energy demand of the building can be partially reduced through the design of passive interventions that are based on the dynamics of the demand. Finally, the third experiment exemplifies how, based on the knowledge extracted from the first two experiments, it is possible to synthesize new dynamics-related solar design-schemes that join passive techniques, active technologies, and formal aspects.
keywords Form , Function , Dynamics , Solar , Design-Scheme , Mid-latitude
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2012_104
id ecaade2012_104
authors Liapi, Marianthi; Oungrinis, Konstantinos-Alketas; Voyatzaki, Maria
year 2012
title Sensponsive Playscapes: A Pedagogical Design Approach to Manifest and Promote the Physical Digital Continuum
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 343-351
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.343
wos WOS:000330320600035
summary This paper chronicles an intensive student workshop on sensponsive architecture, from the educators’ point of view, underlying the pedagogical notes on this new design approach that employs digital design tools and electronic assemblies to creatively experiment with human-computer interaction. The workshop presented the theoretical, computational and fabricating frameworks for a human-centered approach to spaces with sensponsive partitions that respond timely with sense, displaying an adaptive behavior through time. The workshop theme was further specialized to direct the design outcome toward sensponsive environments for children that can help them perceive, experience and develop a meaningful understanding of the world around them through play.
keywords Sensponsive architecture; student workshop; arduino assemblies; children’s spaces
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id acadia12_401
id acadia12_401
authors Mehann, Ryan ; Sher, Elite
year 2012
title An Exploration Into Computational Optimization for Motive Architecture
source ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 401-405
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.401
summary This paper explores the potential of advanced computational methods for architecture. An experiment has been conducted with the aim of applying a computer driven optimization process on the motive behavior of a physical prototype. The choice of the mechanism is arbitrary, and this is to convey that the adaptive behavior of a structure in real time may be improved with the appropriate computational methods, regardless of its mechanical complexity. This provides architects with the opportunity to bring previously static architectural concepts into motion. The paper looks into the fields of embodied AI and mobile robotics research as resources for knowledge on the notions of integrating evolutionary computation into physical artifacts.
keywords Computational Optimization , genetic Algorithms , Adaptive Architecture , Kinetic Architecture , Mobile Robotics
series ACADIA
type panel paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ascaad2012_010
id ascaad2012_010
authors Morais, Helen; Neander Silva and Ecilamar Lima
year 2012
title Complexity and Mass Customization in Contemporary Architecture - Prospects in an Emergent Economy
source CAAD | INNOVATION | PRACTICE [6th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2012 / ISBN 978-99958-2-063-3], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 21-23 February 2012, pp. 93-102
summary In this paper we demonstrate through examples and an experiment that digital fabrication is viable and it is starting to produce impact in the Brazilian architecture, towards mass customization, not only through some exceptional buildings, but also through small experiences involving ordinary design needs. The examples show that digital fabrication is already contributing to innovative solutions in the Brazilian architecture. The experiment consisted of producing and comparing two models of a column of the National Cathedral of Brasilia, one analogically and other digitally fabricated. The results of this experiment show that digital fabrication technology and mass customization are not only economically viable for the Brazilian construction industry but can also contribute to significant savings.
series ASCAAD
email
more http://www.ascaad.org/conference/2012/papers/ascaad2012_010.pdf
last changed 2012/05/15 20:46

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