CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 345

_id ecaade2012_302
id ecaade2012_302
authors Colakoglu, Birgül; Durmisevic, Elma; Pasic, Adnan
year 2012
title International Collaborative Design Studio: Green Transformable Buildings
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.107
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 107-114
summary Current trends in architectural practice such as an increased focus on sustainable design, integrated design, and the globalization of architecture are increasing the need for practitioners that are skilled in collaboration. Collaboration fosters innovation and creativity. It is a key operating principle for the 21st century and an important skill that an architecture student must be exposed to. The change in knowledge generation and creative problem solving is transforming education towards collaborative learning forcing architecture and engineering schools to address new course structures with “collaborative” aspect. The work presented in this paper draws its base from collaborative design learning. It describes an international collaborative design studio titled “International Design Studio: Green Transformable Buildings” conducted between three institutions, Y_ld_z Technical University (YTU)–Istanbul, University of Twente (TU)-Enschede Engineering Sciences and Industrial Design School, and Architecture Faculty of Sarajevo (AFS).
wos WOS:000330320600010
keywords Collaborative design; collaborated learning; team work; design process
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id caadria2012_097
id caadria2012_097
authors Grace, Kazjon S.; John S. Gero and Rob Saunders
year 2012
title Constructing computational associations between ornamental designs
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.037
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 37–46
summary This paper presents the application of a computational model of association to the domain of real-world ornamental designs. The driving principle of the model, interpretation-driven association, is discussed with respect to its suitability to design applications. An implementation of the model is presented, in which associations are constructed based on topological and typological relationships within each design's structure, rather than based on literal similarities. Results are presented which demonstrate that the implementation and the model from which it was derived are capable of associating between real-world design objects.
keywords Design association; design interpretation; computational modelling; ornamental designs
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id ecaade2012_191
id ecaade2012_191
authors Krijnen, Thomas ; Beetz, Jakob ; Voorthuis, Jacob ; Vries, Bauke de
year 2012
title Explauralisation: The experience of exploring architecture made audible
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.593
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 593-598
summary In this paper we propose an open source design tool that allows designers to easily conceive, evaluate and design the full auditory experience of a building, based on a digital three-dimensional model. A guiding principle has been the dynamic nature of the confi guration of sound sources and listeners. Hence, a system is created that enables sound sources as well as listeners to be defi ned as moving entities. Furthermore, the ability exists for listeners, in their own movements and interactions, to generate sounds as well. In the system, proposed in this paper, ray-tracing is used to simulate the spatial acoustics. The paper discusses the considerations regarding several implementation choices and regarding adoption of the tool in the architectural design process.
wos WOS:000330322400061
keywords Auditory perception; Architectural design; Acoustics; Simulation; Auralisation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id sigradi2012_359
id sigradi2012_359
authors Stumpp, Marianna; Minuzzi, Reinilda
year 2012
title Projeções imagéticas: apontamentos poéticos [Imagetic projections: poetic notes]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 65-68
summary This article discusses the principle of image’s projection in contemporary art questioning hybridization and tensions / dialogues generated on contact with the support of the image projection and also aspects of participation in the work of the observer. By comparison with works by artists, is detected and connection points that allow differentiation reflect my poetry.
keywords Arte Contemporânea; Projeção; Imagem; Poética
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id ascaad2012_007
id ascaad2012_007
authors Abdelsalam, Mai M.
year 2012
title The Use of Smart Geometry in Islamic Patterns - Case Study: Mamluk Mosques
source CAAD | INNOVATION | PRACTICE [6th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2012 / ISBN 978-99958-2-063-3], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 21-23 February 2012, pp. 49-68
summary It is noted that architects need new and quick methods designing the historic architectural styles, as well as restoring the historical urban areas particularly the Islamic ones. These designs and restorations should adapt to the basics of the Islamic style used; general concept, module and features. Smart Geometry provides advanced design concepts and increases alternative variations. Parametric design softwares also add more rules and relations on the design process. Obviously, the Islamic module and proportions are used as design generators that result in extracting a number of alternatives easily in a little time. Generative Components (GC) is the parametric software used to achieve the desired objectives of this research.
series ASCAAD
email
more http://www.ascaad.org/conference/2012/papers/ascaad2012_007.pdf
last changed 2012/05/15 20:46

_id ecaade2012_002
id ecaade2012_002
authors Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejdan, Dana (eds.)
year 2012
title Physical Digitality
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2
source Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe - Volume 2 [ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7], Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, 714 p.
summary Physical Digitality is the second volume of the conference proceedings of the 30th eCAADe conference, held from 12-14 september 2012 in Prague at the Faculty of Architecture of Czech Technical University in Prague. The companion volume is called Digital Physicality. Together, both volumes contain 154 papers that were submitted to this conference. Digitality is the condition of living in a world where ubiquitous information and communication technology is embedded in the physical world. Although it is possible to point out what is “digital” and what is “real,” the distinction has become pointless, and it has no more explanatory power for our environment, buildings, and behaviour. Material objects are invested with communication possibilities, teams are communicating even when not together, and buildings can sense and respond to the environment, each other, and to inhabitants. Digital is no longer an add-on, extra, or separate software. Reality is partly digital and partly physical. The implication of this condition is not clear however, and it is necessary to investigate its potential. New strategies are necessary that acknowledge the synergetic qualities of the physical and the digital. This is not limited to our designs but it also infl uences the process, methods, and what or how we teach. The subdivision of papers in these volumes follow the distinction made in the conference theme. The papers in Physical Digitality have their orientation mainly in the physical realm, and reach towards the digital part. It has to be granted that this distinction is rather crude, because working from two extremes (digital versus physical) tends to ignore the arguably most interesting middle ground.
keywords Digital physicality; physical digitality
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ecaade2012_000
id ecaade2012_000
authors Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejdan, Dana (eds.)
year 2012
title Digital Physicality
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1
source Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe - Volume 1 [ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0], Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, 762 p.
summary Digital Physicality is the first volume of the conference proceedings of the 30th eCAADe conference, held from 12-14 september 2012 in Prague at the Faculty of Architecture of Czech Technical University in Prague. The companion volume is called Physical Digitality. Together, both volumes contain 154 papers that were submitted to this conference.Physicality means that digital models increasingly incorporate information and knowledge of the world. This extends beyond material and component databases of building materials, but involves time, construction knowledge, material properties, space logic, people behaviour, and so on. Digital models therefore, are as much about our understanding of the world as they are about design support. Physical is no longer the opposite part of digital models. Models and reality are partly digital and partly physical. The implication of this condition is not clear however, and it is necessary to investigate its potential. New strategies are necessary that acknowledge the synergetic qualities of the physical and the digital. This is not limited to our designs but it also influences the process, methods, and what or how we teach.The subdivision of papers in these volumes follow the distinction made in the conference theme. The papers in Digital Physicality have their orientation mainly in the digital realm, and reach towards the physical part. It has to be granted that this distinction is rather crude, because working from two extremes (digital versus physical) tends to ignore the arguably most interesting middle ground.
keywords Digital physicality; physical digitality
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:49

_id ecaade2012_212
id ecaade2012_212
authors Aghaei Meibodi, Mania ; Aghaiemeybodi, Hamia
year 2012
title The Synergy Between Structure and Ornament: A Reflection on the Practice of Tectonic in the Digital and Physical Worlds
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.245
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 245-254
summary The use of digital design and fabrication technologies in architecture has followed a paradigm shift, which has seen the topology, form and structure of architecture pushed to incorporate areas such as climate, construction, acoustic etc. While these digital technologies are intended to enhance the processes and performance, a discussion of aesthetics has been ignored. Surmising that the use of digital technology enhances the performability and effi ciency aspects of architecture as well as the aesthetics, this research questions what the new relationships and arrangements for structure and ornament are. What are the challenges when structure uses a process-based logic and is sensitive to materiality whereas the aesthetics has a representation-based logic and is not sensitive to materiality? The authors of this paper contribute to this debate by using the notion of tectonic as a platform for gaining and creating knowledge about this issue and examining the issues through the design and prototyping of a Multi-functional Pavilion.
wos WOS:000330320600024
keywords Processes; ornament; digital technology; tectonic; architectural expression
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2012_066
id caadria2012_066
authors Ahmad, Sumbul
year 2012
title The representation of type in grammatical design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.425
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 425–432
summary Grammatical design is useful for the generation of a set of related designs. The concept of type aids designers in generating designs with a specified structure. However, existing studies in grammar are ambiguous in their definition of type in the language of designs generated by a grammar. Extending our previous study of defining style in grammar, this paper provides a formal definition of the concept of type in the language of designs generated by a grammar. This is done with the help of a description scheme which is developed by augmenting grammar primitives and spatial relations with descriptors. The description scheme allows the computation of descriptors for designs generated from grammar thus making possible the comparison of various design types in the language of a grammar. Such a description scheme for defining design types is especially significant for less restricted grammars that generate a large number of designs that are varied in nature. A formal definition of type in grammars allows users to sift through designs with particular features, and thus select desired designs.
keywords Type; Design grammars; generative design; description scheme; product design
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia12_47
id acadia12_47
authors Aish, Robert ; Fisher, Al ; Joyce, Sam ; Marsh, Andrew
year 2012
title Progress Towards Multi-Criteria Design Optimisation Using Designscript With Smart Form, Robot Structural Analysis and Ecotect Building Performance Analysis"
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.047
source ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 47-56
summary Important progress towards the development of a system that enables multi-criteria design optimisation has recently been demonstrated during a research collaboration between Autodesk’s DesignScript development team, the University of Bath and the engineering consultancy Buro Happold. This involved integrating aspects of the Robot Structural Analysis application, aspects of the Ecotect building performance application and a specialist form finding solver called SMART Form (developed by Buro Happold) with DesignScript to create a single computation environment. This environment is intended for the generation and evaluation of building designs against both structural and building performance criteria, with the aim of expediently supporting computational optimisation and decision making processes that integrate across multiple design and engineering disciplines. A framework was developed to enable the integration of modeling environments with analysis and process control, based on the authors’ case studies and experience of applied performance driven design in practice. This more generalised approach (implemented in DesignScript) enables different designers and engineers to selectively configure geometry definition, form finding, analysis and simulation tools in an open-ended system without enforcing any predefined workflows or anticipating specific design strategies and allows for a full range of optimisation and decision making processes to be explored. This system has been demonstrated to practitioners during the Design Modeling Symposium, Berlin in 2011 and feedback from this has suggested further development.
keywords Design Optimisation , Scripting , Form Finding , Structural Analysis , Building Performance
series ACADIA
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2012_013
id caadria2012_013
authors Al-Saati, Maha Zeini; David Botta and Robert Woodbury
year 2012
title Moving in filmic spaces: Relating camera movements to spatial archetypes in architectural animations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.629
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 629–636
summary Architects sometimes use architectural animations to explain their designs. To probe the practice of architectural film/animation, this paper assembles filmic spaces as a conceptual tool that connects spatial archetypes with camera movements.
keywords Architecture; animation; representation; film; camera
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2012_021
id caadria2012_021
authors Al-Saati, Maha Zeini; David Botta and Robert Woodbury
year 2012
title Architects on architectural film and animation
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.637
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 637–646
summary As part of our inquiry about the practice of architectural film and animation and where it might go, this paper presents the results of interviews with architects on space, and on animation. We present their rich sense of space, and explain how they structure architectural film and animation. We found that architects wish to convey the subjective impact of design, but don’t know how to connect film editing techniques to architectural ends. Computational design could fill this gap with, for example, drag-and-drop editing patterns.
keywords Architectural film and animation; concepts of architectural space
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2012_131
id caadria2012_131
authors Ambrose, Michael A.
year 2012
title Digital conception(s): Architectural concepts of digital design and making
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.699
source Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 699–708
summary This paper presents an investigation of probative works of architectural thought and production executed in various forms of digital design and computational media. The applied design research focuses on an examination of the procedure or process constructed to both develop exact, precise digital models and constructed processes that result in design outcomes that cannot be pre-visioned. The changing position of the conceptualisation within the design process continually changes the relationship of the digital work and the computational framework. The work challenges one to interpret design processes of translation and transformation, through the continual oscillation between developed in pursuit of known results and constructed methods for making, in an effort to unravel the pretext of the singular point of view to reveal the intention of the design conception(s). The projects discussed here focus on relationships between the projection of space in architectural representation and the production of architectural form through complex geometries relative to discontinuities and the way in which they agitate and alter one another. DIGITAL conception(s) operate across three primary areas of research; animation, conceptualisation and fabrication. The work oscillates between digital and physical artefacts that intertwine digital/physical workflows while simultaneously engaging temporal issues of time based media through motion graphics and animate constructs.
keywords Design representation; visualisation; design theory
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2012_284
id ecaade2012_284
authors Ameijde, Jeroen van; Carlin, Brendon
year 2012
title Digital Construction: Automated Design and Construction Experiments Using Customised On-Site Digital Devices
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.439
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 439-446
summary This paper presents a currently on-going research trajectory, investigating integrated design and build work-fl ows using generative design strategies and custom built fabrication devices. The aim of the research, which is being developed through a series of experiments and workshops, is to explore scenarios in which these work-flows can produce emergent architectural structures which are highly adapted towards the intended performance within their specifi c context and site. The research has produced a number of installations and prototypical structures which test the practical and theoretical dimensions of the methodology explored. This paper will introduce intriguing new scenarios in which the architects’ role is focused on an indirect, advanced level of control of the process of design, allowing for a more open-ended method of negotiation between structure, users and environment.
wos WOS:000330320600046
keywords Generative design; digital fabrication; customised CNC devices; digital on-site construction
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2012_73
id sigradi2012_73
authors Amen, Fernando García; Álvarez, Marcelo Payssé; Bonifacio, Paulo Pereyra; Meirelles, Lucía
year 2012
title Fabricando mundos. Realidad, simulacro e inmanencia [Manufacturing worlds. Reality, simulacra and immanence]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 645-648
summary Digital manufacturing in both as art and technology is a new way of designing, re-creation and re-invention of reality. This paper considers, from an epistemological point of view, the process of digital fabrication and its hyperlinks to known and simulated reality, and its ontological nature. Through documentation and methodological approach to the construction of a Moebius strip, this paper analyzes the nature and specifications of digital manufacturing. For this purpose, it makes a study of some strip properties and establishes a correlation within digital manufacturing, emphasizing similarities, complexities and shared qualities. Thus, it aims to create a reflection and a critical perspective on the complex logic of creation and simulation of knowable reality. And also it contributes to explore a theoretical corpus on the role of architects and designers in this incipient and ongoing discipline.
keywords Fabricación digital, Realidad, Simulacro, Inmanencia
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2012_272
id sigradi2012_272
authors Amindarbari, Reza
year 2012
title Morphological indicators of solar exposure
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 414-418
summary This paper investigates the relation between the shading condition and geometrical configuration of neighborhood-scale developments. It introduces a straightforward method for measuring shadow areas casted on buildings’ roofs and facades – in urban areas – using digital 3D models. Employing this method for measuring shadow areas in nine neighborhoods in Jinan, China, at six different time points on summer and winter solstices – a total of 54 sample measurements – this study develops two regression models that reveal the significant dependency of the in-shadow percentage of buildings’ façade and roof areas to the building volume density (BVD) and height irregularity (HI) of the urban fabric.
keywords urban form, geometrical configuration, solar exposure, shadow area
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2012_192
id sigradi2012_192
authors Andres, Carolina Reichert; Minuzzi, Reinilda
year 2012
title Cultmapas urbanos [Urban cultmaps]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 38-42
summary This research aims to address the catalog urban interventions as graffiti, stencil and sticker spotted in association with the city. As a result, they develop artistic urban mappings which assemble a structure marking the artistic manifestations. The urban arts, are georeferenced and eventually become part of a catalografia which can be viewed on the web entitled Cultmap art.
keywords arte e tecnologia, mapeamentos artísticos, graffiti, web arte
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2012_404
id sigradi2012_404
authors Angelo, Alex; Neves, Heloisa; de Campos, Paulo Eduardo Fonseca
year 2012
title Fab Lab Kids: Oficina de projetos socioambientais para crianças de escolas públicas fazendo uso da eletrônica e da fabricação digital [Fab Lab Kids: Workshop for environmental projects public school children making use of electronics and digital fabrication]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 383-387
summary This article describes the process of theoretical and practical Fab Lab Kids Project in Brazil and in more detail the “Fab Lab Kids: Workshop environmental projects for public school children through manufacturing and digital electronics”, the most recent edition of this project, which consists conducting an experimental workshop with students from public school in the city of Guarulhos, São Paulo. Through the concept of learning by doing, children are exposed to the possibility of acting on the environment and the objects surrounding them, proposing objects that might solve socio-environmental issues, which are produced via electronics and digital fabrication.
keywords Fabricação Digital, Eletrônica, Educação, Redes, Fab Lab
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2012_30
id sigradi2012_30
authors Angeluzzi, Gustavo; Hanns, Daniela Kutschat
year 2012
title Um levantamento de requisitos gerais para o desenvolvimento e posicionamento de DOOTERS – um aplicativo lúdico de listas de tarefas para iPhone [A survey of general requirements for developing and positioning DOOTERS - a to-do list application for iPhone]
source SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 191-195
summary DOOTERS is a to-do list application for iPhone which entertains and motivates the user to get things done. It was developed based on requirements obtained trough: 1. the study of several personal information organizing methods (Covey, 1989; Allen, 2005; Foster, 2006); 2. answers to a task lists user focused questionnaire; 3. observation of to-do list users while creating lists and organizing tasks; 4. comparison of digital and non-digital task list media (paper, computer and mobile device); 5. analysis of profiles, behaviors and to-do list applications for iPhone. In this paper, the authors present the process of obtaining requirements for developing and positioning DOOTERS.
keywords information and interface design, requirements, to-do list application, iPhone, DOOTERS
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2012_006
id ecaade2012_006
authors Angulo, Antonieta ; Vermillion, Joshua
year 2012
title Strategic Thinking on the Redesign of a Foundational CAAD Course: Towards comprehensive training on digital design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.029
source Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 29-37
summary The paper describes a new implementation of an existing course on digital design and its contribution to the curriculum of the undergraduate pre-professional architecture program at Ball State University. The strategic thinking behind the re-design of this course refl ects not only the need to update its content to reflect the state-of-the art in the domain but also responds to a diversifi ed context that exhibitschanging trends due to digital culture, use of digital media in learning and practice, and educational policy. The paper elaborates on these larger contextual elements and describes the new instructional methods implemented through a modular framework of assignments and a multi-layered delivery system. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for the future improvement, constant assessment, and further development of the digital design course.
wos WOS:000330322400002
keywords Digital Design; Instructional Methods; Parametric Thinking; CAAD; Fabrication
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

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