Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia13_137
id	acadia13_137
authors	Kretzer, Manuel; In, Jessica; Letkemann, Joel; Jaskiewicz, Tomasz
year	2013
title	Resinance: A (Smart) Material Ecology
source	ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 137-146
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.137
summary	What if we had materials that weren’t solid and static like traditional building materials are? What if these materials could dynamically change and adapt to varying environmental situations and stimulations and evolve and learn over time? What if they were autonomous, self-sufficient and independent but could communicate with each other and exchange information? What would this “living matter” mean for architecture and the way we perceive the built environment? This paper looks briefly at current concepts and investigations in regards to programmable matter that occupy various areas of architectural research. It then goes into detail in describing the most recent smart material installation “Resinance” that was supervised by Manuel Kretzer and Benjamin Dillenburger and realized by the 2012/13 Master of Advanced Studies class as part of the materiability research at the Chair for CAAD, ETH Zürich in March 2013. The highly speculative sculpture links approaches in generative design, digital fabrication, physical/ubiquitous computing, distributed networks, swarm behavior and agent-based communication with bioinspiration and organic simulation in a responsive entity that reacts to user input and adapts its behavior over time.
keywords	Smart Materials; Distributed Networks; Digital Fabrication; Physical Computing; Responsive Environment
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ascaad2014_016
id	ascaad2014_016
authors	Al-Ratrout, Samer A. and Rana Zureikat
year	2014
title	Pedagogic Approach in the Age of Parametric Architecture: Experimental method for teaching architectural design studio to 3rd year level students
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 211-226
summary	In this era, Architectural Design Practice is faced with a paradigm shift in its conventional approaches towards computational methods. In this regard, it is considered a pedagogic challenge to boost up knowledge and skills of architectural students’ towards an advanced approach of architectural design that emphasizes the potentials and complexity of computational environments and parametric tools for design problem solving. For introducing the concept of Parametric Oriented Design Methods to 3rd year level architectural students, an experimental pedagogic course was designed in the scholastic year of 2012-2013 at German Jordanian University GJU (School of Architecture and Built Environment SABE) to approach this concept. In the preparation phase, the experimental course was designed to incorporate structured instructing and training method to be consecutively performed within experimental lab environment to target predetermined learning outcomes and goals. The involved students were intentionally classified into three levels of previous involvement associated with the related software operating skills and computational design exposure. In the implementation phase, the predetermined instructing and training procedures were performed in the controlled environment according to the planned tasks and time intervals. Preceded tactics were prepared to be executed to resolve various anticipated complication. In this phase also, students’ performance and comprehension capacity were observed and recorded. In data analysis phase, the observed results were verified and correlations were recognized. In the final phase, conclusions were established and recommendations for further related pedagogic experiments were introduced.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	ascaad2012_008
id	ascaad2012_008
authors	Ambrose, Michael A. and Kristen M. Fry
year	2012
title	Re:Thinking BIM in the Design Studio - Beyond Tools… Approaching Ways of Thinking
source	CAAD \| INNOVATION \| PRACTICE [6th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2012 / ISBN 978-99958-2-063-3], Manama (Kingdom of Bahrain), 21-23 February 2012, pp. 71-80
summary	The application of digital design methods and technologies related to BIM and Integrated Practice Delivery are altering the how and what of architectural design. The way contemporary architecture is conceived and made is being transformed through the digital methods, processes and applications used in BIM. How architectural education and the design studio model evolve to reflect, interpret, translate, or challenge the multiplicitous and simultaneously variable modes of contemporary practice present opportunity and risk to this generation of digital scholars, educators and practitioners. Might we re-conceive the design studio as a venue in which a critical dialogue about how the many facets of architectural design practice are engaged? The possibilities afforded by BIM and Integrated Practice Delivery and digital design technologies are increasingly affecting what we make and simultaneously how we make as architects. Digital modeling of both geometry and information is replacing (or displacing) digital drawing. We see diminishing returns of the value of transforming three-dimensional spatial/formal ideas into two-dimensional conventional abstractions of those complex ideas. This comprehensive thinking promoted by BIM processes is one of the key advantages of using BIM leading to true design innovation. The reiterative learning process of design promoted in BIM promotes a rethinking of design studio education.
series	ASCAAD
email
more	http://www.ascaad.org/conference/2012/papers/ascaad2012_008.pdf
last changed	2012/05/15 20:46

_id	sigradi2012_404
id	sigradi2012_404
authors	Angelo, Alex; Neves, Heloisa; de Campos, Paulo Eduardo Fonseca
year	2012
title	Fab Lab Kids: Oficina de projetos socioambientais para crianças de escolas públicas fazendo uso da eletrônica e da fabricação digital [Fab Lab Kids: Workshop for environmental projects public school children making use of electronics and digital fabrication]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 383-387
summary	This article describes the process of theoretical and practical Fab Lab Kids Project in Brazil and in more detail the “Fab Lab Kids: Workshop environmental projects for public school children through manufacturing and digital electronics”, the most recent edition of this project, which consists conducting an experimental workshop with students from public school in the city of Guarulhos, São Paulo. Through the concept of learning by doing, children are exposed to the possibility of acting on the environment and the objects surrounding them, proposing objects that might solve socio-environmental issues, which are produced via electronics and digital fabrication.
keywords	Fabricação Digital, Eletrônica, Educação, Redes, Fab Lab
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2012_006
id	ecaade2012_006
authors	Angulo, Antonieta ; Vermillion, Joshua
year	2012
title	Strategic Thinking on the Redesign of a Foundational CAAD Course: Towards comprehensive training on digital design
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 29-37
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.029
wos	WOS:000330322400002
summary	The paper describes a new implementation of an existing course on digital design and its contribution to the curriculum of the undergraduate pre-professional architecture program at Ball State University. The strategic thinking behind the re-design of this course refl ects not only the need to update its content to reflect the state-of-the art in the domain but also responds to a diversifi ed context that exhibitschanging trends due to digital culture, use of digital media in learning and practice, and educational policy. The paper elaborates on these larger contextual elements and describes the new instructional methods implemented through a modular framework of assignments and a multi-layered delivery system. The paper concludes with a series of recommendations for the future improvement, constant assessment, and further development of the digital design course.
keywords	Digital Design; Instructional Methods; Parametric Thinking; CAAD; Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2012_326
id	sigradi2012_326
authors	Barros Filho, Mauro Normando Macêdo
year	2012
title	Simulando a dinâmica da segregação urbana: dos autômatos celulares aos modelos baseados em agentes [Simulating urban segregation dynamics: from cellular automata to agent based models]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 453-457
summary	As a consequence of the emergence of models based on the notions of disequilibrium and uncertainty, cities have being seen as intrinsically complex nonlinear systems subject to sociospatial changes that occur, simutaneously, in many scales. The present paper analyzes three models to simulate urban segregation dynamics. Schelling’s model shows how can emerge unexpected highly segregated global patterns from local preferences to live close to each other. Epstein and Axtell’s model reveals its pedagogic role through the manipulation of specific parameters. Portugali’s model emphasizes the cognition and learning capabilities of agents to recognize patterns and change their behaviour accordingly.
keywords	Segregação Urbana; Modelos de Simulação; Autômatos Celulares; Modelos Baseados em Agentes
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2012_56
id	sigradi2012_56
authors	Barros, Diana Rodríguez
year	2012
title	Diseño, Enseñanza y Prácticas Disruptivas. Marcos conceptuales de referencia [Design, Teaching and Disruptive Practices. Conceptual reference frameworks]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 251-254
summary	From the complex perspective of modern information society, knowledge and digital culture, we have detected limitations and obsolescente levels of much of the university educational system. We consider that teaching and learning reflect a beta protoparadigm state in constant construction. We value new ideas within the limits of education, communication and transmedia aesthetics, which contribute to the visibility of innovative practices and transformations. We reflect about necessary changes in the current education, from the diversification and reinvention of the use of educational technologies to liquid infrastructures. Our intention is to contribute to the conceptual frameworks development to fit sustainable strategies and result transferences towards classroom practices known as learning ecosystems.
keywords	Diseño; Enseñanza; Disrupción; Marcos conceptuales; Prácticas docentes
series	SIGRADI
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2012_88
id	sigradi2012_88
authors	Borda, Adriane; Pires, Janice; de Vasconselos, Tássia Borges
year	2012
title	O Desenho (didático) para o Insight [Drawing didactic for Insight]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 277-280
summary	Knowledge of geometric drawing, hitherto considered previous in the training context in architecture, has little emphasis in the school curriculum. In the context this work, were recognized approaches such as shape grammar, which explain design practices, unveiling relationships of the geometric form. It was also identified practices of the Gestalt, established under the modern architecture, which sought to stimulate the student to have insights to think about geometric structures implicit in the form. From these references and digital tools, it is demonstrated the types of concepts and some of the exercises that are being used for the configuration of an learning for the insight.
keywords	Geometric drawing, insight, architectural design.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2012_270
id	sigradi2012_270
authors	Brod, Gustavo Alcantara; Pires, Janice; Borda, Adriane
year	2012
title	Um ensaio para inserção do conceito de processos generativos digitais em estágios iniciais da formação em arquitetura [An experiment for introducing the concept of generative processes in early stages of architectural education]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 611-614
summary	The use of digital media for representation is already strongly established among architects and students of architecture, however, despite the rapid technological developments and growing research, the use of advanced digital technology to generate and manipulate complex forms is still far less present in the learning and teaching of architectural design. This study presents a didactical approach for introducing generative design as a method for form exploration through parametric geometric representation. The activity presented in this paper was exercised with second and fifth semester students, working with form generation and variation using Grasshopper as a parametric design tool.
keywords	digital generative processes; parametric design, Grasshopper; geometric design, design didactics.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia12_127
id	acadia12_127
authors	Burry, Jane ; Burry, Mark ; Tamke, Martin ; Thomsen, Mette Ramsgard ; Ayres, Phil ; Leon, Alex Pena de ; Davis, Daniel ; Deleuran, Abders ; Nielson, Stig ; Riiber, Jacob
year	2012
title	Process Through Practice: Synthesizing a Novel Design and Production Ecology
source	ACADIA 12: Synthetic Digital Ecologies [Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-62407-267-3] San Francisco 18-21 October, 2012), pp. 127-138
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2012.127
summary	This paper describes the development of a design and prototype production system for novel structural use of networked small components of wood deploying elastic and plastic bending. The design process engaged with a significant number of different overlapping and interrelated design criteria and parameters, a high level of complexity, custom component geometry and the development of digital tools and procedures for real time feedback and productivity. The aims were to maximize learning in the second order cybernetic sense through empirical experience from analogue modeling, measurement and digital visual feedback and to capture new knowledge specifically regarding intrinsic material behavior applied and tested in a heterogeneous networked context. The outcome was a prototype system of design ideation, conceptualization, development and production that integrated real time material performance simulation and feedback. The outcome was amplified through carrying out the research over a series of workshops with distinct foci and participation. Two full scale demonstrators have so far been constructed and exhibited as outputs of the process.
keywords	Material behavior , Complex modeling feedback , progressive synthetic learning
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2012_85
id	sigradi2012_85
authors	Carpena, Nicolás; Cataldi, Mariano; Muñiz, Gonzalo
year	2012
title	En busca de nuevas metodologías y herramientas aplicables a la educación. Repensando nuestro rol docente en las aulas [In search of new methodologies and tools applicable to education. Rethinking our teaching role in the classroom]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 633-635
summary	The purpose of this work is to define and evaluate a method for the application of Gamification in education, particularly in the Multimedia Arts course, level 1. This allowed us to think about the value of play in the learning experience.
keywords	Docencia; Metodologías; Juego; Videojuegos, Gamificación
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	ecaade2012_043
id	ecaade2012_043
authors	Chase, Scott ; Scopes, Lesley
year	2012
title	Cybergogy as a framework for teaching design students in virtual worlds
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 125-133
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.125
wos	WOS:000330322400012
summary	In recent years, 3D virtual worlds have been explored for design teaching, yet it is unclear whether a specifi c pedagogy is used or adapted for such activities. Here we describe the pedagogical model of Cybergogy of Learning Archetypes and Learning Domains, developed specifically for teaching in 3D immersive virtual worlds, and its application to introductory building classes in the virtual world Second Life for architectural design students and teachers as part of the ARCHI21 project.
keywords	Architectural education; Cybergogy; language learning; virtual worlds; Second Life
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2012_302
id	ecaade2012_302
authors	Colakoglu, Birgül; Durmisevic, Elma; Pasic, Adnan
year	2012
title	International Collaborative Design Studio: Green Transformable Buildings
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-3-7, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 107-114
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.2.107
wos	WOS:000330320600010
summary	Current trends in architectural practice such as an increased focus on sustainable design, integrated design, and the globalization of architecture are increasing the need for practitioners that are skilled in collaboration. Collaboration fosters innovation and creativity. It is a key operating principle for the 21st century and an important skill that an architecture student must be exposed to. The change in knowledge generation and creative problem solving is transforming education towards collaborative learning forcing architecture and engineering schools to address new course structures with “collaborative” aspect. The work presented in this paper draws its base from collaborative design learning. It describes an international collaborative design studio titled “International Design Studio: Green Transformable Buildings” conducted between three institutions, Y_ld_z Technical University (YTU)–Istanbul, University of Twente (TU)-Enschede Engineering Sciences and Industrial Design School, and Architecture Faculty of Sarajevo (AFS).
keywords	Collaborative design; collaborated learning; team work; design process
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2012_286
id	sigradi2012_286
authors	de Andrade, Max; Ruschel, Regina Coeli
year	2012
title	Estrutura e caracterização dos modelos de projeto Performativo a partir da prática arquitetônica recente [Structure and characterization of performative design based on the recente architecture practice]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 378-382
summary	Based on case studies on performative design (generative performative design) in outstanding international architectural studios, this paper presents and discusses an important revealed characteristic of digital design in the observed practice. This feature is the coexistence of performative design with other digital design models, within the design process. From these considerations it is shown that this coexistence allows establishing conjectures about the digital design practices and highlights the importance of learning multiples digital design methods and techniques, which are essential to the digital design practice of some complex buildings.
keywords	Projeto performativo; modelos de projeto digital; desempenho; geração automática da forma; projeto arquitetônico digital
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	sigradi2012_221
id	sigradi2012_221
authors	de Menezes, Alexandre Monteiro; Pontes, Mateus Moreira
year	2012
title	BIM e o ensino: possibilidades na instrumentação e no projeto [BIM and education: possibilities in instrumentation and project]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 226-228
summary	This article discusses the relationship between instrumentation for the architectural design, in particular the teaching of drawing, and current conditions of representation, based on digital tools, specially with the use of softwares for Building Information Modeling (BIM). It presents the difficulties of teaching architectural design today and proposes an alternative comprehension of priorities, based on understanding of architectural elements as a reference for learning. After this, it discusses the potential of this technique for teaching construction of a more comprehensive way and presents a multimedia material for developing this task.
keywords	BIM, ensino, representação arquitetônica
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	cf2015_037
id	cf2015_037
authors	de Vries, Bauke; Grond, Manon and van der Zee, Aant
year	2015
title	Development of a multi-disciplinary university wide design course
source	The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 37-46.
summary	Design is one of the basic skills of every engineer. However until now design is only seen as a core course in Architecture studies and lately in Industrial Engineering studies. This paper reports about the development of a design course for all departments of a typical technical university. After a short overview of design teaching tradition, an inventory is presented of the different interpretation of design by the various departments. The course development is presented over two periods: 2012-2014, and 2014-2015. In between a major change was conducted. The course learning goals and student evaluations are presented. In the discussion we reflect on fundamental and practical problems that occur in design teaching for such a wide audience. Finally we draw conclusions on the changing role of design what is needed to give design the same status as mathematics in a technical curriculum.
keywords	Design, Design teaching, Multi-disciplinary design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2015/06/29 07:55

_id	caadria2012_080
id	caadria2012_080
authors	Dounas, Theodoros
year	2012
title	Tactics of interactivity in Virtual Reality: Learning from 3d game tools
source	Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia / Chennai 25-28 April 2012, pp. 223–232
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2012.223
summary	The present paper tries to explore the potential of visual-heavy tools in the creation of virtual reality worlds, with an emphasis on tools borrowed from 3d electronic games. Compared to earlier approaches in virtual reality creation the paper focuses on game design tools and provides a basic framework for interaction in virtual reality, based on classic rather than digital representations, which is then expanded using digital representations. In the second part of the paper a game creation tool is assessed based on its potential not only of usability but also on guiding the designer in specific paths to designing virtual worlds. The assessment is based on a case study of interaction design.
keywords	Virtual reality; 3d game design; open source
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2012_263
id	sigradi2012_263
authors	Espina, Jane
year	2012
title	Procesos, Metodología y Prácticas en Urbanismo: flujo continuo de datos e información en sectores urbanos de la ciudad [Processes, and Practices Methodology Urbanism: continuous flow of data and information in city’s urban areas]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 294-298
summary	Technology provides new digital tools for the benefit of the Planning and Urban Design. The goal of this paper is to show a methodology for the interpretation and analysis of the urban site in the city of Maracaibo, Venezuela; and its implementation as academic experience in the Department of Urban Planning. The use of digital and communication technologies in teaching strategies and instructional resources, achieved profits in the teaching-learning process, optimized collection processes, organization and flow of data and information, understanding of the urban fact. Tools used: mobile telephony, internet, browsers, applications, improving communication between students, student-teacher, student-teacher-community.
keywords	Work Methodology; Planning; Urban Areas; Digital Technology; Interpretation and Site Analysis
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	sigradi2012_113
id	sigradi2012_113
authors	Espinoza, Verónica Paola Rossado
year	2012
title	Las redes sociales como apoyo a la realización del proyecto arquitectónico en el ámbito universitario [Social network to support the development of the architecture project in the university]
source	SIGraDi 2012 [Proceedings of the 16th Iberoamerican Congress of Digital Graphics] Brasil - Fortaleza 13-16 November 2012, pp. 104-108
summary	Nowadays, the subject of social networking is closely related to leisure, publicity and marketing. Few people consider them as a tool to support learning. However, with their daily activities online, students are developing, without thinking, skills that we do not directly perceive, such as collaborative work, interest and motivation for research. With the adequate methodology and teacher support, it is possible to guide these skills, innate in students, and get an effective collaborative work in developing the project. Through this research, applied to students of architecture, schemes are proposed to improve the teaching-learning process, and extend beyond the classroom.
keywords	arquitectura; educación; redes sociales; universidad; aprendizaje
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:51

_id	ecaade2012_207
id	ecaade2012_207
authors	Felasari, Sushardjanti ; Peng, Chengzhi
year	2012
title	Supporting Urban Design Learning with Collective Memory Enhanced Virtual City: The Virtual Jalan Malioboro Experiment
source	Achten, Henri; Pavlicek, Jiri; Hulin, Jaroslav; Matejovska, Dana (eds.), Digital Physicality - Proceedings of the 30th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1 / ISBN 978-9-4912070-2-0, Czech Technical University in Prague, Faculty of Architecture (Czech Republic) 12-14 September 2012, pp. 195-202
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2012.1.195
wos	WOS:000330322400019
summary	The paper reports on the observation of how students can be supported in urban design learning through the use of an experimental collective memory enhanced virtual city - Virtual Jalan Malioboro. This study focuses on how instances of people’s collective memory of the Malioboro Street could be digitally represented and connected with the 3D models of buildings and places of the street. An evaluative study was conducted in a real university educational setting to test how it can support urban design learning. The results show that by enhancing 3D models with collective memory, students are facilitated to become more engaged with the urban site and knowledgeable of historical contextual issues.
keywords	Urban design; virtual learning environment; collective memory
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

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