CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 79

_id ijac201310207
id ijac201310207
authors Abondano, David
year 2013
title The Return of Nature as an Operative Model: Decoding of Material Properties as Generative Inputs to the Form-Making Process
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 11 - no. 2, 267-284
summary The abandonment of nature as an architectural model and the redefinition of the relationship between form and material were two of the main consequences of industrialization for modern architecture. While nature was replaced by the machine as a model for architecture, industrial production suppressed the craftsman's knowledge of the material and the associated techniques once essential to the form-making process. Thus, the replacement of nature as a model implied that principles once related to natural processes started to be seen as industrial values, i.e., the economy of means stopped being recognized as a quality related to natural form-making processes and became a demand of industrial production. Nowadays, material properties and nature are being reintroduced into architecture with the help of digital technologies; that is, the return of nature though computation. As a result, nature has become an operational model as opposed to the visual or iconic one it used to be; its inner qualities and processes are being decoded in order to inform the form-making process and foster innovative digital ornamentation.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id ecaade2013_096
id ecaade2013_096
authors Achten, Henri
year 2013
title Buildings with an Attitude
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.477
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 477-485
summary In order to achieve interactive architecture it is necessary to consider more than the technological components of sensors, controllers, and actuators. The interaction can be focused to different interaction activities: instructing, conversing, manipulating, and exploring (we propose to call this the interaction view). Additionally, the purpose of the building may range from performing, sustaining, servicing, symbolising, to entertaining (we propose to call this the world view). Combined, the interaction view and world view establish 20 different attitudes, which are flavours of behaviour for the interactive building. Through attitudes interaction profiles can be established and criteria derived for the design of interactive buildings.
wos WOS:000340635300050
keywords Interactive architecture; design theory; Human-Computer Interaction; augmented reality; mixed reality.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia13_161
id acadia13_161
authors Akbarzadeh; Masoud
year 2013
title Performative Surfaces: Generating complex geometries using planar flow patterns
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.161
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 161-172
summary This research explains the development process of a design tool that can construct complex surface geometries using only two-dimensional plan drawings. The intention behind this tool is to address certain complex behavior of surface geometries such as hydrological characteristics. This paper briefly explains the historic and mathematic description of surface data structures, according to Cayley, Maxwell and Morse. This is followed by a brief introduction of the surface network/critical graph extraction technique in GIS. Additionally, the algorithm of contour extraction from asimple critical graph to reconstruct a surface is explained. In the final section the lessons learnedfrom the previous sections are used to develop algorithms for a tool which uses only plan drawings to construct complex surfaces. Three algorithms are explained in the final section among which the third one is considered to be the most complete and promising approach. Therefore,some design examples are presented to show the flexibility of the tool. At the end, this paper provides suggestions and discussions to reflect further ideas in order to improve the tool in future.
keywords Tools and Interfaces, complex surface, drainage patterns, discrete flow diagram, surface networks, critical graph, and surface generation
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_234
id sigradi2013_234
authors Alencar, Viviane; Gabriela Celani
year 2013
title The Art of Computer Graphics Programming: Translating Pioneer Programs
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 500 - 504
summary Considering the importance of the use of programming languages for teaching computational design to architects, this paper proposes the translation of computer programs from a pioneer work in this field into a more contemporary programming language. The book The Art of Computer Graphics Programming: A Structured Introduction for Architects and Designers was published in 1987 by William J. Mitchell, Robin Ligget and Thomas Kvan, and remains an important reference for architects. The original Pascal codes in the book were translated into Processing, and made available through an Internet website, along with images and comments, in order to give late Prof. Mitchell’s work the consideration it deserves.
keywords Processing; Pascal; Computer graphics
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2013_021
id caadria2013_021
authors Alhadidi, Suleiman
year 2013
title Generative Design Intervention: Creating a Computational Platform for Sensing Space
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.345
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 345-354
summary This paper outlines some investigations from a project which utilizes computing and scripting of specific site components, spatio-temporal movement and behavioural patterns to explore how designer might understand people activities and formulate design interventions within public spaces. This research looks at how generative tools can facilitate designers to integrate the large volume of information received by hybrid data collection, and conventional data analysis directly into the design process. Through an examination of sensing urban space, this research proposes a method to track and record people’s movement patterns in order to implement them via generative design tool. To facilitate this, a scripting method is specified; which uses sensors and motion tracking devices to capture the use of a specific public space. This project proposes a methodology for developing designed spaces and optimal pathways generated from real-time data and feedback captured by sensors.  
wos WOS:000351496100034
keywords Real-time computation, Generative design, Sensing space, Design simulation  
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_101
id sigradi2013_101
authors Alves, Gilfranco; Anja Pratschke
year 2013
title Processos de Projeto Cibersemióticos: Procedimentos de Observação, Representação e Performance Aplicados ao Design Paramétrico [Cybersemiotic Design Processes: Observation, Representation and Performance Proceedings Applied on Parametric Design]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 258 - 261
summary The abstract presented here is part of a PhD research in progress, currently developed at USP - University of São Paulo, with the Nomads.usp research group, under the guidance of Professor Anja Pratschke. This research starts from the assumption that Cybersemiotics, initially defined by the Philosopher and Information Scientist Dr. Søren Brier - and therefore gathers concepts of Second Order Cybernetics and Semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce - while meta-theory designed and developed to promote transdisciplinarity, can bring other perspectives and base updated reflections in order to produce a framework for architectural design processes that make use of digital mediation, especially Parametric Design.
keywords Cybersemiotics; Cybernetics; Peircean semiotics; Performance; Parametric design
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2013_111
id ecaade2013_111
authors Androutsopoulou, Eirini
year 2013
title Urban Body Mutations through the Use of the Network Configuration
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.275
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 275-281
summary Taking as a starting point the hypotheses that the urban body is a self-adapted ecology made of material and non-material components (Bateson, 1972), relationships between elements are examined in an attempt to destabilize the static division of matter and idea and to inquire into those relationships that determine the structural coupling (Maturana, 2002) between body and environment, as well as the constitution of the body itself. Contemporary technology is used in order to trace these alterations and the urban body is examined as a network configuration. The importance of the methodology adopted by the current research lies in the fact that social and economic factors merge with spatial characteristics, allowing for a visualization and re-interpretation of the urban body mutations based on self-adapted reconfigurations and for a prediction of the structural alterations made possible through the reconfiguration of the synaptic forces between elements.
wos WOS:000340635300028
keywords Mutation; urban body; visualization techniques; network; data manipulation.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2014_010
id ecaade2014_010
authors Anna Laskari
year 2014
title Multidimensional Comparative Analysis for the Classification of Residual Urban Voids
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.283
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 283-292
summary Spatial configurations can be perceived through a variety of descriptions of their physical form and structure. Each description can offer an autonomous interpretation or be combined with others parathetically, in a logic of multiple distinct layers. However it is asserted that meaningful information can be extracted from a simultaneous view of sets of descriptions within a high-dimensional structure. This paper investigates the possibility of conducting a comparative analysis and classification of non-typical spatial formations based on the synchronous view of multiple quantifiable spatial attributes. Under the hypothesis of a reciprocal definition of spatial structure and occupation practices, it is intended to identify distinct generic spatial types in order to subsequently determine a range of suitable respective generic use types. This investigation supports the formulation of strategies for the reactivation of unused, residual urban voids, currently being addressed by the research programme titled "Strategies to network urban interventions in the Metropolitan Centre of Athens". The programme is carried out by the School of Architecture of the National Technical University of Athens in collaboration with the Region of Attica, under the scientific coordination of Professor Dr. Parmenidis (2013).
wos WOS:000361385100030
keywords Multidimensional descriptions; generic spatial types; quantifiable attributes; dimensionality reduction; classification
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013_249
id ecaade2013_249
authors Araya, Sergio; Zolotovsky, Ekaterina; Veliz, Felipe; Song, Juha; Reichert, Steffen; Boyce, Mary and Ortiz, Christine
year 2013
title Bioinformed Performative Composite Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.575
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 575-584
summary This ongoing investigation aims to learn from nature novel material organizations and structural systems in order to develop innovative architectural system. We developed a multidisciplinary approach, using scientific analysis and design research and prototyping. We focus on the study of a “living fossil” fish, whose armor system is so efficient it has remained almost unchanged for millions of years. We investigate its morphological characteristics, its structural properties, the assembly mechanisms and the underlying material properties in order to derive new principles to design new enhanced structural systems. We use micro computerized tomography and scanning electron microscopy to observe microstructures, parametric design to reconstruct the data into digital models and then several 3D printing technologies to prototype systems with high flexibility and adaptive capabilities, proposing new gradual material interfaces and transitions to embed performative capabilities and multifunctional potentials.
wos WOS:000340635300060
keywords Bioinformed; multi-material; composite; parametrics; performative design.
series eCAADe
type normal paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2013_034
id caadria2013_034
authors Arenas, Ubaldo and José Manuel Falcón
year 2013
title ALOPS Constructive Systems – Towards the Design and Fabrication of Unsupervised Learning Construction Systems
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.905
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 905-914
summary In this paper we explore the concept and design guidelines for an Autonomous Learning Oriented Proto System (ALOPS), a construction system designed to enhance its own performance through time. Our research has been focused on the fabrication of a prototype for a porous wall system which reacts to light intensities by closing or opening its apertures. Taking that aim, we used a combination of robotics, programing, and material behaviour to endow the system with the capacity to record reactions towards encountered sets of conditions during its active energy periods, allowing the system to use this knowledge database to evolve autonomously by feeding this information back into the computation process. This approach in construction systems opens up the architectural design processes to address the creation of digital memory structures rather than complex algorithms in order to operate specific functions. With this development, the architect could think of architectures constantly evolving by learning from their environments as well as of users forming symbiotic and behavioural bonds with the emergent spatial personalities, thus affecting the underpinning relationships between architecture, user and context.  
wos WOS:000351496100093
keywords erformance architecture, Unsupervised learning, Machine learning 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_77
id sigradi2013_77
authors Banda, Pablo S.; Arturo Lyon Gottlieb
year 2013
title Agregados Inflables y Patrones Emergentes: Logro de Patrones de Orden Superior mediante Compresión Axial [Inflatable Aggregates and Emergent Patterns: Higher-Order Patterns Achievement through Axial Compression]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 239 - 243
summary This paper presents a Generative Design exploration of a simulated Inflatable Components Aggregate (ACN) ruled by local configurations and mechanical behavior, tested in a digital environment. The Design Product is revealed through compressions and deformations evaluation, where the ACN internal interaction’s exhibits emerging global patterns.
keywords Generative design, Form Finding, Simulation
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2013_115
id ecaade2013_115
authors Barczik, Günter
year 2013
title Continuous Oscillations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.571
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 571-578
summary We present and discuss a didactic for augmenting architectural design education with computational design techniques via integrative feedback loops and show examples of student projects. Our goal is to embed new technical skills into existing design abilities as quickly as possible, in order to enable our students to exploit and explore the extended capabilities of digital design techniques within the framework of architectural design projects. We instigate a process of continuous mutual feedback between different fields: on the one hand between technique-based exercises and design-related steps, and on the other hand between the digital and the physical. Through oscillation and feedback, the newly learned skills are directly interwoven with the existing ones. Special emphasis is put on the illuminative effects of transitions between different media and on issues of fabrication.
wos WOS:000340643600058
keywords Design curriculum; tools; shape studies.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013_214
id ecaade2013_214
authors Barros, Pedro; Beirão, José and Duarte, José Pinto
year 2013
title The Language of Mozambican Slums
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.715
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 715-724
summary A shape grammar was developed for analyzing the evolution of Maputo´s slums with the strategic objective of capturing the evolution of house types and understanding the social agreements behind the spatial relations of their house elementary spaces in order to reuse such rules for the purpose of rehabilitation. This paper shows preliminary results of the research and aims at developing, based on the resulting grammars, a parametric tool able to execute morphological analyses, simulations and generate improved design solutions for the qualification of Maputo´s informal settlements.
wos WOS:000340643600074
keywords Shape grammars; urbanism; computation; regeneration; informal settlements.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013_212
id ecaade2013_212
authors Beirão, José and Arrobas, Pedro
year 2013
title Interactive Urban Parametric Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.291
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 291-299
summary This paper presents the use of a City Information Modeling (CIM) platform composed of a GIS platform, a SQL database, a CAD design interface and a VPI used to develop the parametric models of possible development scenarios. It calculates urban indicators and measurable design properties in order to better understand and support choices while making design decisions. Such approach improves the generation of alternative scenarios projections supported by the calculation of urban properties.
wos WOS:000340635300030
keywords Flexible planning; parametric urban design; alternative scenarios.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013r_020
id ecaade2013r_020
authors Bello Diaz, Gabriel; Dubor, Alexandre
year 2013
title Magnetic architecture. A new order in design
source FUTURE TRADITIONS [1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 978-989-8527-03-5], University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture (Portugal), 4-5 April 2013, pp. 237-245
summary With the exploration of additive manufacturing, Magnetic Architecture develops different systems and strategies to use magnetic fields for controlling material through construction. In this research we utilize the overlapping of different technologies and digital tools that participate in the innovation of architecture. Thanks to hacked 6-axis robots, Magnetic Architecture approaches decision making from a top/down and bottom/up process. These new processes and conclusions are continuously leading to more areas of research and new design processes, which begins to question the role of the architect with these emerging technologies.
keywords Additive Manufacturing; Sensor Logic; Incremental Coding; Dynamic Blueprints (DBP)
email
last changed 2013/10/07 19:08

_id acadia13_293
id acadia13_293
authors Bessai, Tom
year 2013
title Bending-Active Bundled Structures: Preliminary Research and Taxonomy Towards an Ultra-Light Weight Architecture of Differentiated Components
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.293
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 293-300
summary This paper documents preliminary research into a bending-active architecture that leverages the “bundling” of linear force-active elements in order to create spatial diversity and differentiation.The primary design components of the system are light-weight GFRP rods and tubes that perform well in elastic bending. Material testing and iterative physical model studies are documented, and provide a framework to guide the further development of emerging spring-based computation methods. Challenges to the system include the analysis and resolution of rod-to-rod bundled connections, as well as the development of predictable bifurcation and crossing unions. The paperidentifies key precedents to the work followed by a brief summary of the material selection and testing framework. A speculative taxonomy of bundled bending-active “types” is proposed and supported by examples and prototypes.
keywords Bundling, Bending-Active, Force-Active Architecture, Material Systems, Spring-based Modeling
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2013_207
id ecaade2013_207
authors Bielik, Martin; Schneider, Sven; Geddert, Florian and Donath, Dirk
year 2013
title Addis Building Configurator
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.109
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 109-116
summary The paper presents ongoing applied research on the development of a computational design tool addressing planning deficiencies in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Because of increasing population pressure and a lack of planning resources, Addis Ababa is clearly in need of new efficient planning solutions. The tool proposed utilizes and combines different generative design methods in order to increase the efficiency of planning and construction processes. The paper discusses design goals and the implementation strategy involved.
wos WOS:000340635300010
keywords Design tool; evolutionary optimization; generative system; developing countries.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2013_073
id ecaade2013_073
authors Both, Katherine; Heitor, Teresa and Medeiros, Valério
year 2013
title Assessing Academic Library Design: A Performance-Based Approach
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.337
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 337-346
summary Academic Libraries (ALs) design concept has been under a changing process, precipitated by both internal needs and external pressures including changes in the societal context of education, the information services and documentation storage requirements. This paper is focused on a model of form and function to assess AL’ in use, in order to explore ways for better understanding their performance. The proposed model was developed within the scope of a wider research project and makes both use of Post-Occupancy Evaluation and of Space Syntax procedures in order to explore how the spatial configuration influences the performance and use of ALs space. It considers ALs building typology as spatial, physical and social systems, by: 1) measuring users satisfaction about how well the space supports their requirements; and 2) providing information on how architecture and spatial design support - enable and generate - flows of information, communication and knowledge.The analysis provides evidence suggesting that ALs’ spatial system influences study performance, patterns of use and co-presence of its users. The results of data inputs point out prospective strategies about space intervention.
wos WOS:000340635300035
keywords Academic libraries; functionality; users; evaluation; performance.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2013_198
id caadria2013_198
authors Chee Zong Jie and Patrick Janssen
year 2013
title Exploration of Urban Street Patterns – Multi-Criteria Evolutionary Optimisation Using Axial Line Analysis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.695
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 695-704
summary In urban design, researchers have developed techniques to automate both the generation and evaluation of urban street patterns. In most cases, these approaches are investigated in isolation from one another. Recently, a number of researchers have attempted to couple these approaches, in order to enable larger numbers of street patterns to be generated and evaluated in an iterative loop. However, to date, the possibility of fully automating the generative-evaluative loop using optimisation algorithms has not been explored. This research proposes an explorative design method in which urban street patterns can be optimised for multiple conflicting performance criteria. The optimisation process uses evolutionary algorithms to evolve populations of design variants by iteratively applying three key procedures: development, evaluation, and feedback. For development, a generative technique is proposed for constructing street patterns. For evaluation, various performance measures are used, including in particular Space Syntax based Axial Line analysis. For feedback, a Pareto-ranking algorithm is used that ranks street patterns according to multiple criteria. The proposed method is demonstrated using an abstract scenario in which orthogonal street patterns are evolved for a small urban area.  
wos WOS:000351496100068
keywords Axial line analysis, Generative modelling, Evolutionary algorithms, Decision chain encoding, Urban street patterns 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id sigradi2013_205
id sigradi2013_205
authors Chiarella, Mauro; Luis Felipe González Böhme; Cristian Calvo Barentin
year 2013
title Robots: Automatización en Diseño y Construcción para la Enseñanza de Arquitectura [Robots: Automation in Design and Manufacturing for Teaching Architecture]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 439 - 443
summary Industrial robots controlled by parametric design software and visual programming environments are gaining popularity in the research and use of non-conventional construction processes in architecture. Process automation which can be personalized through variable components promises to become an industry standard with similar cost structures to current pre-fabrication industrial processes. In order to incorporate competencies from non-serial variable architectural modular design, an initial teaching initiative (Advanced Architectural Design Studio – USM) was developed in Latin América. The strategy employed is based on incorporating concepts and instruments of Construction & Design Automation for CAD/CAM processes with a Six Axis Robotic Arm (KUKA KR125/2).
keywords Robotic fabrication; Parametric modeling, Teaching architecture
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

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