CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 609

_id ecaade2015_120
id ecaade2015_120
authors Daoud, Bassam and Voordouw, Johan
year 2015
title Making Machines that Make Buildings - Constructing a Mobile 3D Printer for Concrete Elements
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 355-359
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.355
wos WOS:000372316000041
summary This paper is both a fundamental and applied study of the multi-faceted design and fabrication issues related to the construction of a mobile 3D printer. The paper signifies the halfway point in a project initiated at the Azrieli School of Architecture and Urbanism at Carleton University starting in 2013. The printer, entitled 3DB, intends to print concrete elements for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction industry. The printer frame was designed to fit within the bed of a typical half-ton pick up truck or contract trailer. The paper describes the design, simulation and construction of the steel frame, gantry and extruder and makes speculation on future research including improved design of the extruder and nozzle mechanism.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id cf2013_368
id cf2013_368
authors Dounas, Theodoros
year 2013
title Some Notes on the Incompleteness Theorem and Shape Grammars
source Global Design and Local Materialization[Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 978-3-642-38973-3] Shanghai, China, July 3-5, 2013, pp. 368-376.
summary The paper presents a critique of the Shape Grammar paradigm viewed through the lens of the incompleteness theorem of Gödel. Shape Grammars have been extensively researched through many lenses. Their productive systemic nature was the focus of the first papers along with more recent treatises in the field while their use in analysis of known building styles has been extensive and a proven mechanism for style analysis. It is surprising though that use of Shape Grammars in actual design in practice however has been minimal. The architectural community has not actively used the paradigm in the design of real buildings, probably because of the rigid analytical approach to style and rules, following from the academic analysis that the paradigm has been subjected to. However I propose that there is another underlying reason, other than the rigid approach to construct a Shape Grammar. The nature of the concurrent application and creation of the rules lies close to the incompleteness theorem of Gödel, that uses a multitude of Turing Machines to prove that a from a set of True Axioms -A- we will never be able to determine if all sentences are true, without having to invent new axioms, outside the initial set -A-, thus unproven in terms of their true or false nature. Negation of this possibility drives us to the conclusion that true Design can never be feature -complete and thus can never be placed in a trusted framework that we all agree or believe it to be the complete truth.
keywords Incompleteness Theorem, Incomputability of Shape Grammars
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2014/03/24 07:08

_id cf2013_076
id cf2013_076
authors Portugal, Vasco
year 2013
title Real-Time Assessment for Architectural CAD/CAM:Knowledge-Based-Methodology Approach
source Global Design and Local Materialization[Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 978-3-642-38973-3] Shanghai, China, July 3-5, 2013, pp. 76-83.
summary This paper proposes a methodology that assesses in real-time the various impacts of the application of a CAD / CAM logic, to assist the designer in making objective considerations about the efficiency of a given manufacturing logic. A forecast of this nature enables the designer with the power to identify and quantify the strengths and weaknesses of a case versus others, and allows him to detect what are the configurations and processes that have potential to be optimized. The next chapters will show how the use of integration of knowledge-based-methodology (KBM) in the implementation of CAM to systematize the selection of different designs and operations, can improve the construction/fabrication practice depending on the fabrication equipment, material selection and other indicators. The adoption of the above-mentioned methodology is particularly pertinent for decision makers, since it can be deployed in a variety of different processes. It harvests information to compare and optimize the manufacture outline, and supports the screening and assortment of appropriate tool paths or combination of fabrication tools based on environmental/cost data, user-specified requirements and context characteristics.
keywords CAD/CAM, Parametric design, Robotics in Architecture, Process flow diagrams
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2014/03/24 07:08

_id caadria2013_076
id caadria2013_076
authors Raspall, Felix; Matias Imbern and William Choi
year 2013
title Fisac Variations: An Integrated Design and Fabrication Strategy for Adaptable Building Systems
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 55-64
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.055
wos WOS:000351496100006
summary The promise of robotic fabrication as an enabler for mass-customization in Architecture has been hindered by the intricate workflow required to go from parametric modelling to CNC fabrication. The lack of integration between highly-specialized proprietary software, normally required to operate the machines, and most of the design tools constitutes a major limitation. One way to tackle this constraint is by developing simple tools that directly link parametric modelling to robotic coding. Accordingly, “Fisac Variations” develops an uninterrupted digital workflow from form-generation to robotic fabrication. This innovative approach to Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing was tested by studying and reengineering a specific historic construction system -Miguel Fisac’s Bones System was used as a case study- and by enabling it to address problems of contemporary architectural agenda such as flexibility, variability and mass-customization. The proposed workflow threads form-finding, structural analysis, geometric definition, CNC code generation and digital fabrication within the same open-source computational environment. In this way, this innovative procedure aims to increase design freedom while ensuring fabrication feasibility. This paper describes background research, concept, form-finding, construction process, methodology, results and conclusions.  
keywords Parametric design, Digital fabrication and construction, Integrated design and fabrication, Mass-customization, Miguel fisac bones system 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id caadria2013_118
id caadria2013_118
authors Roupé, Mattias and Mathias Gustafsson
year 2013
title Judgment and Decision-Making Aspects on the Use of Virtual Reality in Volume Studies
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 437-446
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.437
wos WOS:000351496100043
summary The most common reason for using Virtual Reality (VR) as a communication medium in urban planning and building design is to provide decision makers with access to a shared virtual space, which can facilitate communication and collaboration in order to make better decisions. However, there is a risk that judgmental biases arise within the virtual space. The displaying of the VR-models and itscontent could be one way of changing the settings for the visual access to the virtual space and could thus influence the outcome of the decision making process. For that reason it is important to have knowledge of how different settings in and around the VR-medium influence the experience of the shared visual space that the VR-medium strives to achieve. In this case the decision-making process, perceptions of space, and the cognition process of decoding of information in the visual space are important. This paper investigates how reference points influence judgments of a volume study of a building and furthermore what visual cues that are used for spatial reasoning about volumes. The results show that the initial visual information has a profound impact on the decision, even when this information lacks in validity.  
keywords Virtual reality, Spatial perception, Judgment, Volume study, Urban planning 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia13_445
id acadia13_445
authors Silver, Mike
year 2013
title Off-Road City
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 445-446
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.445
summary Our work explores the potential impact of situationally aware, bipedal robots on architecture and town planning. Rather than developing new forms of decoration with mobile CNC machines this project looks at how new technologies could be used to create greener ways of life.
keywords Robots, Machine Vision, Sustainable Design, Nomadic Urbanism, Modular Housing
series ACADIA
type Research Poster
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2013_275
id sigradi2013_275
authors Valdés, Francisco; Andres Cavieres; Russell Gentry
year 2013
title A Process-Centric Approach for Teaching Digital Fabrication
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 400 - 404
summary New generation of fabrication machines, such as 3-D printers, do not use “real” materials nor processes generally used in building construction, and so further exacerbate the disconnect between laboratory-based prototyping and full-scale building construction techniques. This research critically reviews the results of a graduate fabrication course from a process-centric standpoint. Students in the course create specification for fabrication and assembly activities through a diagrammatic language that integrates several types of construction knowledge such as design, material properties, machine constraints, and assembly guidelines. This document presents the foundations of the methodology, and discussed the results based on two criteria: Process Modeling and CAD/CAM workflow.
keywords Process model; CNC, Fabrication, Parametric modeling, CAM
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:02

_id sigradi2013_274
id sigradi2013_274
authors Velasco, Rodrigo; Julián Viasus; Fabián Tocancipá
year 2013
title Customizable Volumetric High Performance Brise-Soleil System Based on the Use of Planar Faces
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 328 - 332
summary This paper presents a proposal for a cellular brise-soleil system appropriate for tropical humid climates. The system controls thermal gains whilst allowing for specific lighting requirements, permitting, in many cases, interior thermal and light comfort conditions without the use of thermal machines or artificial lighting. The development of the system involved a definition of variable design parameters and areas of performance evaluation and optimization, plus construction detailing development represented by a first project to be completed in 2014. Even if the geometrical definitions, optimization processes and production machinery are relatively simple and not particularly new to anyone in the field, it is claimed that the use of such already widely available technologies at this basic level, when solving relevant problems, has still to be used in generalised ways by common designers, and with the example shown, this paper wishes to promote such prospect.
keywords Solar shadings; Environmental simulations; Parametric models; Performance in architecture
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:02

_id acadia13_391
id acadia13_391
authors Abbasy-Asbagh, Ghazal
year 2013
title [re]folding Muqarnas: A case study
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 391-392
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.391
summary This project uses folded surface as a mechanism to make a historically non-structural system, Muqarnas, into one that combines surface and structure.
keywords structural optimization, folded surface, cultural landscapes, muqarnas, complex geometry
series ACADIA
type Design Poster
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_215
id sigradi2013_215
authors Abdelmohsen, Sherif M.
year 2013
title Reconfiguring Architectural Space using Generative Design and Digital Fabrication: A Project Based Course
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 391 - 395
summary This paper discusses a course that addresses the integration between generative design and digital fabrication in the context of reconfiguring architectural space. The objective of the course, offered for 3rd year architecture students at the Department of Architecture, Ain Shams University, Egypt, was to design and fabricate interior design elements to be installed within the department lobby. Students worked in digital and physical environments to develop 8 group projects that featured concepts of shape grammars, L-systems, fractals and cellular automata. The potential of the realized projects is discussed in terms of 3D development of systems, contextual generative design, and pedagogical objectives.
keywords Contextual generative design; Rule-based systems; Self-organizing systems; Digital fabrication
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ijac201310207
id ijac201310207
authors Abondano, David
year 2013
title The Return of Nature as an Operative Model: Decoding of Material Properties as Generative Inputs to the Form-Making Process
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 11 - no. 2, 267-284
summary The abandonment of nature as an architectural model and the redefinition of the relationship between form and material were two of the main consequences of industrialization for modern architecture. While nature was replaced by the machine as a model for architecture, industrial production suppressed the craftsman's knowledge of the material and the associated techniques once essential to the form-making process. Thus, the replacement of nature as a model implied that principles once related to natural processes started to be seen as industrial values, i.e., the economy of means stopped being recognized as a quality related to natural form-making processes and became a demand of industrial production. Nowadays, material properties and nature are being reintroduced into architecture with the help of digital technologies; that is, the return of nature though computation. As a result, nature has become an operational model as opposed to the visual or iconic one it used to be; its inner qualities and processes are being decoded in order to inform the form-making process and foster innovative digital ornamentation.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id ecaade2013_096
id ecaade2013_096
authors Achten, Henri
year 2013
title Buildings with an Attitude
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 477-485
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.477
wos WOS:000340635300050
summary In order to achieve interactive architecture it is necessary to consider more than the technological components of sensors, controllers, and actuators. The interaction can be focused to different interaction activities: instructing, conversing, manipulating, and exploring (we propose to call this the interaction view). Additionally, the purpose of the building may range from performing, sustaining, servicing, symbolising, to entertaining (we propose to call this the world view). Combined, the interaction view and world view establish 20 different attitudes, which are flavours of behaviour for the interactive building. Through attitudes interaction profiles can be established and criteria derived for the design of interactive buildings.
keywords Interactive architecture; design theory; Human-Computer Interaction; augmented reality; mixed reality.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2013_030
id caadria2013_030
authors Adamantidis, Ermis; Madhav Kidao and Marios Tsiliakos
year 2013
title Siphonophore – A Physical Computing Simulation of Colonial Intelligence Organisms
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 355-364
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.355
wos WOS:000351496100035
summary This paper sets out to document the procedural design and implementation of “Siphonophore” a multisensory digital ecology, mimicking colonial-ordered behaviour systems. The exploration of the notion of “self” in a complex system of highly integrated individuals with reference to the emergence of behaviours from the human-machine-context interaction, is engaged by this open system’s hierarchical articulation of electronics, Arduino boards, sensors and programming routines. User interaction and recorded statistics from the system’s core algorithm are assessed, in relation to the capacity of this prototype to provide an alternative methodology of describing collective intelligence, while presenting a non-standard perspective of body-space interaction and design as entertaining art. The overall impact is discussed in relation to the examined observations, towards a potential advancement to a system of superior contextual understanding.  
keywords Colonial intelligence, Multisensory installation, Physical computing, Spatial sensing, Human-machine interaction 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ijac201310105
id ijac201310105
authors Agkathidis, Asterios and Andre_ Brown
year 2013
title Tree-Structure Canopy:A Case Study in Design and Fabrication of Complex Steel Structures using Digital Tools
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 11 - no. 1, 87-104
summary This paper describes and reflects on the design and manufacturing process of the Tree-Structure canopy for the WestendGate Tower in Frankfurt upon Main, completed early 2011.The project investigated fabrication and assembly principles of complex steel structures as well as the integration of contemporary computational design, engineering, optimization and simulation techniques in a collaborative design approach. This paper focuses on the notion of modular standardization as opposed to non standard customized components. It also engages with issues relating to digital production tools and their impact on construction cost, material performance and tolerances. In addition it examines the reconfiguration of liability during a planning and construction process, an aspect which can be strongly determined by fabrication companies rather than the architect or designer.This paper is written as a reflection on the complete building process when contemporary digital tools are used from design through to fabrication. It studies both the generation of the steel structure as well the ETFE cushion skin. It reports on a collaborative project, where the main author was responsible for the canopies design, parameterization, digitalization and fabrication, as well as for the dissemination of the outcomes and findings during the design and realization process.As such it represents an example of research through design in a contemporary and evolving field.The canopy received a design award by the Hellenic Architecture Association.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id acadia13_281
id acadia13_281
authors Ahlquist, Sean; Menges, Achim
year 2013
title Frameworks for Computational Design of Textile Micro-Architectures and Material Behavior in Forming Complex Force-Active Structures
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 281-292
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.281
summary Material behavior can be defined as the confluence of associative rules, contextual pressures and constraints of materialization. In more general terms, it can be parameterized as topologies, forces and materiality. Forming behavior means resolving the intricate matrix of deterministic and indeterministic factors that comprise and interrelate each subset of these material- nherent conditions. This requires a concise design framework which accumulates the confluent behavior through successive and cyclical exchange of multiple design modes, rather than through a single design environment or set of prescribed procedures. This paper unfolds a sequencing of individual methods as part of a larger design framework, described through the development of a series of complex hybrid- structure material morphologies. The “hybrid” nature reflects the integration of multiple force-active structural concepts within a single continuous material system, devising both self-organized yet highly articulated spatial conditions. This leads primarily to the development of what is termed a “textile hybrid” system: an equilibrium state of tensile surfaces and bending-active meshes. The research described in this paper looks to expose the structure of the textile as an indeterministic design parameter, where its architecture can be manipulated as means for exploring and differentiating behavior. This is done through experimentation with weft-knitting technologies, in which the variability of individual knit logics is instrumentalized for simultaneously articulating and structuring form. Such relationships are shown through an installation constructed at the ggggallery in Copenhagen, Denmark.
keywords Material Behavior, Spring-based Simulation, CNC Knitting, Form- and Bending-Active, Textile Hybrid Structures.
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013_297
id ecaade2013_297
authors Aish, Robert
year 2013
title DesignScript: Scalable Tools for Design Computation
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 87-95
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.087
wos WOS:000340643600008
summary Design computation based on data flow graph diagramming is a well-established technique. The intention of DesignScript is to recognise this type of data flow modeling as a form of ‘associative’ programming and to combine this with the more conventional ‘imperative’ form of programming into a single unified computational design application. The use of this application is intended to range from very simple graph based exploratory ‘proto-programming’ as used by novice end-user programmers to multi-disciplinary design optimisation as used by more experienced computational designers.
keywords Graph; scripting; associative; imperative.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia13_161
id acadia13_161
authors Akbarzadeh; Masoud
year 2013
title Performative Surfaces: Generating complex geometries using planar flow patterns
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 161-172
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.161
summary This research explains the development process of a design tool that can construct complex surface geometries using only two-dimensional plan drawings. The intention behind this tool is to address certain complex behavior of surface geometries such as hydrological characteristics. This paper briefly explains the historic and mathematic description of surface data structures, according to Cayley, Maxwell and Morse. This is followed by a brief introduction of the surface network/critical graph extraction technique in GIS. Additionally, the algorithm of contour extraction from asimple critical graph to reconstruct a surface is explained. In the final section the lessons learnedfrom the previous sections are used to develop algorithms for a tool which uses only plan drawings to construct complex surfaces. Three algorithms are explained in the final section among which the third one is considered to be the most complete and promising approach. Therefore,some design examples are presented to show the flexibility of the tool. At the end, this paper provides suggestions and discussions to reflect further ideas in order to improve the tool in future.
keywords Tools and Interfaces, complex surface, drainage patterns, discrete flow diagram, surface networks, critical graph, and surface generation
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_112
id sigradi2013_112
authors Akemi Omine, Katia; José Neto de Faria; Karine Itao Palos
year 2013
title Projeto Design Condensado: Definição de ‘Modelo Sociocultural’ para Sistemas de Visualização Dinâmica de Dados que Estimulem a Geração de Novos Conhecimentos sobre a História do Design [Condensed Design Project: The Definition of a ‘Social-cultural Model’ for Dynamic Data Visualization Systems Which StimulateKnowledge Building in Design History]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 143 - 147
summary The ‘Condensed Design Project’ aims to discuss and reflect on how the definition of an ‘activity inducer’, by describing and characterizing ‘social-cultural models’, can be used in the development of dynamic data visualization systems. The aim is to discuss and try to understand how the profile of the ‘activity inducer’, routines, scenario and context impact the navigation, interaction, research and learning processes in design history. Thus, the knowledge building process is strictly conditioned to the way the relation between the ‘visualization system’ and the ‘activity inducer’ is promoted, considering the technological limitations and the individual’s predisposition.
keywords Data visualization; Design history; Usage context, Experience; Knowledge
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2013_235
id ecaade2013_235
authors Akküçük, Zeynep and Özkar, Mine
year 2013
title Ruling Im/Material Uncertainties
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 305-314
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.305
wos WOS:000340643600031
summary Visual rules are powerful in loosely capturing the impact of material behavior on form in designer’s hands-on experimentation. They present a first step to translate the causal relations between material and form to computation without sacrificing the uncertainties in the designer’s interaction with the materials. This study investigates how to model the relation between material and form with visual rules so that the model embodies some of the phenomenological aspects of reality, rather than merely reproducing it.
keywords Digital materiality; physics-based modeling; abstractions; visual schemas; shape studies.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_337
id sigradi2013_337
authors Al-Haddad, Tristan; Keyan Rahimzadeh; Jill Fredrickson
year 2013
title Concrete Continuum: Concept, Calculus, & Construction Connected Through Parametric Representation
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 230 - 234
summary This paper outlines a custom-built suite of scripts that automate the processes of reinforced concrete design and is directly linked to the parametric design model of the architect. The workflow creates a design and engineering feedback loop for early phase schematic design. Using this system, the design geometry is generated and then deconstructed into a Finite Element model. The workflow executes a static analysis then calculates rebar size and placement, and finally generates fabrication drawings. This methodology allows architectural intent and engineering analysis to be collapsed into a single non-linear design process.
keywords Parametric design; Digital fabrication; Reinforced concrete; Production automation; Design feedback proces
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

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