Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2013_262
id	caadria2013_262
authors	Alston, Mark E.
year	2013
title	Space Emergent Field
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.715
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 715-724
summary	Architecture has always been founded upon ideologies. However could the influence of human interactions create a new perspective for space form evolution? To create a spatial adaptive system, to the influence of culture and behaviour of human being? The output of this spatial system is the determination of optimised values for spatial configurations by biomolecular, self-assembly computation for emergent spatial forms.
wos	WOS:000351496100070
keywords	Spatial, Adaptive, Biomolecular computations, Self-assembly
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2013_243
id	sigradi2013_243
authors	Andia, Alfredo
year	2013
title	Automated Architecture: Why CAD, Parametrics and Fabrication are Really old News
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 83 - 87
summary	Automation is transforming a significant number of industries today. This paper discusses how the Design and Construction industry is also entering into a new era of automation. In the paper I observe that designers are automating by using parametric tools (BIM, scripting, etc.) while contractors are moving into pre-fabrication and modularization. Both conceptualizations are incomplete. The paper presents how we are in the first steps of creating learning algorithms that develop specific intelligence in design synthesis and how the design field will became even more sophisticated as a second generation of multi-material 3D printing techniques produce new materials.
keywords	Automation; Architectural design; Artificial intelligence; Learning algorithms; Multi-material printers
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2013_249
id	ecaade2013_249
authors	Araya, Sergio; Zolotovsky, Ekaterina; Veliz, Felipe; Song, Juha; Reichert, Steffen; Boyce, Mary and Ortiz, Christine
year	2013
title	Bioinformed Performative Composite Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.575
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 575-584
summary	This ongoing investigation aims to learn from nature novel material organizations and structural systems in order to develop innovative architectural system. We developed a multidisciplinary approach, using scientific analysis and design research and prototyping. We focus on the study of a “living fossil” fish, whose armor system is so efficient it has remained almost unchanged for millions of years. We investigate its morphological characteristics, its structural properties, the assembly mechanisms and the underlying material properties in order to derive new principles to design new enhanced structural systems. We use micro computerized tomography and scanning electron microscopy to observe microstructures, parametric design to reconstruct the data into digital models and then several 3D printing technologies to prototype systems with high flexibility and adaptive capabilities, proposing new gradual material interfaces and transitions to embed performative capabilities and multifunctional potentials.
wos	WOS:000340635300060
keywords	Bioinformed; multi-material; composite; parametrics; performative design.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2013_381
id	sigradi2013_381
authors	Baltazar, Ana Paula; José dos Santos Cabral Filho; Mateus de Souza van Stralen; Guilherme Ferreira de Arruda; Estevam Quintino Gomes Junior; Laís Rodrigues Pizano; Fabiano Nardy de Moraes;
year	2013
title	Interface de Eletrônica e Objeto Interativo como Introdução ao Knowledge Based Design [Eletronic Interface and Interactive Object as Knowledge Based Design Introduction]
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 608 - 612
summary	This paper discusses the evolution of an interface used to introduce eletronics in the foundation design course at the School of Architecture at Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil. The use of this interface by the students triggers the discussion of the possibilities of new technologies in architecture and initiates a tactical learning process in which the students are responsible for the very content they are learning. This interface introduces the discussion of interactivity and indeterminism, crucial to the development of the two main works of the course: an individual interactive object and an urban interactive intervention in group.
keywords	Eletronics; Interface; Interactive object; Learning process; Mathetics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2013_115
id	ecaade2013_115
authors	Barczik, Günter
year	2013
title	Continuous Oscillations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.571
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 571-578
summary	We present and discuss a didactic for augmenting architectural design education with computational design techniques via integrative feedback loops and show examples of student projects. Our goal is to embed new technical skills into existing design abilities as quickly as possible, in order to enable our students to exploit and explore the extended capabilities of digital design techniques within the framework of architectural design projects. We instigate a process of continuous mutual feedback between different fields: on the one hand between technique-based exercises and design-related steps, and on the other hand between the digital and the physical. Through oscillation and feedback, the newly learned skills are directly interwoven with the existing ones. Special emphasis is put on the illuminative effects of transitions between different media and on issues of fabrication.
wos	WOS:000340643600058
keywords	Design curriculum; tools; shape studies.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_449
id	ecaadesigradi2019_449
authors	Becerra Santacruz, Axel
year	2019
title	The Architecture of ScarCity Game - The craft and the digital as an alternative design process
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.045
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 45-52
summary	The Architecture of ScarCity Game is a board game used as a pedagogical tool that challenges architecture students by involving them in a series of experimental design sessions to understand the design process of scarcity and the actual relation between the craft and the digital. This means "pragmatic delivery processes and material constraints, where the exchange between the artisan of handmade, representing local skills and technology of the digitally conceived is explored" (Huang 2013). The game focuses on understanding the different variables of the crafted design process of traditional communities under conditions of scarcity (Michel and Bevan 1992). This requires first analyzing the spatial environmental model of interaction, available human and natural resources, and the dynamic relationship of these variables in a digital era. In the first stage (Pre-Agency), the game set the concept of the craft by limiting students design exploration from a minimum possible perspective developing locally available resources and techniques. The key elements of the design process of traditional knowledge communities have to be identified (Preez 1984). In other words, this stage is driven by limited resources + chance + contingency. In the second stage (Post-Agency) students taking the architects´ role within this communities, have to speculate and explore the interface between the craft (local knowledge and low technological tools), and the digital represented by computation data, new technologies available and construction. This means the introduction of strategy + opportunity + chance as part of the design process. In this sense, the game has a life beyond its mechanics. This other life challenges the participants to exploit the possibilities of breaking the actual boundaries of design. The result is a tool to challenge conventional methods of teaching and leaning controlling a prescribed design process. It confronts the rules that professionals in this field take for granted. The game simulates a 'fake' reality by exploring in different ways with surveyed information. As a result, participants do not have anything 'real' to lose. Instead, they have all the freedom to innovate and be creative.
keywords	Global south, scarcity, low tech, digital-craft, design process and innovation by challenge.
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia13_000
id	acadia13_000
authors	Beesley, Philip; Omar Khan, Michael Stacey
year	2013
title	ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013
source	ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), 472 p.
summary	ACADIA 2013 Adaptive Architecture, the 33rd International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Design in Architecture, focuses on the computational design of environmen- tally responsive, intelligent, interactive, and reconfigurable archi- tecture. Organising this conference we perceive new intellectual territories opening, arising both from technology and from our native inventiveness. In 2013, humankind benefits from millennia of cultural continuity while it faces profound challenges and opportunities. Fuelled by potent new research tools and techniques the discipline of architecture is ripe with potential. New modes of practice offer mod- els where research, design and development are seen as one, and where knowledge passes with extraordinary fluidity, as if by osmosis, from practice to academia, from teacher to pupil and from the future architect to the architect-academic. The future is now.
series	ACADIA
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	ecaade2013r_020
id	ecaade2013r_020
authors	Bello Diaz, Gabriel; Dubor, Alexandre
year	2013
title	Magnetic architecture. A new order in design
source	FUTURE TRADITIONS [1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 978-989-8527-03-5], University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture (Portugal), 4-5 April 2013, pp. 237-245
summary	With the exploration of additive manufacturing, Magnetic Architecture develops different systems and strategies to use magnetic fields for controlling material through construction. In this research we utilize the overlapping of different technologies and digital tools that participate in the innovation of architecture. Thanks to hacked 6-axis robots, Magnetic Architecture approaches decision making from a top/down and bottom/up process. These new processes and conclusions are continuously leading to more areas of research and new design processes, which begins to question the role of the architect with these emerging technologies.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing; Sensor Logic; Incremental Coding; Dynamic Blueprints (DBP)
email
last changed	2013/10/07 19:08

_id	ijac201311303
id	ijac201311303
authors	Beorkrem, Chris; Mitchell McGregor, Igor Polyakov, Nicole Desimini
year	2013
title	Sphere Mapping: a method for responsive surface rationalization
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 11 - no. 3, 319-330
summary	The method proposed in this project addresses the parametric manipulation of a given pattern to respond directly to a parametric surface. The research attempts to propose a method for attaching fixed sized objects to a free flowing surface or "blanket." The model can be used to interrogate a series of shapes and forms with the same componentry. Continuing the research of Kevin Rotheroe, Yale University and founder of FreeForm Design. Rotheroe and his students developed a series of studies in material and surface properties. By utilizing a proven pattern, the proposed method sets parameters derived from the formal properties of the original pattern and produces a new pattern that is responsive to the curvature of a complex surface. The workflow developed in this research consists of a complex blending of tools in Rhino Grasshopper and Gehry Technologies Digital Project. The intent is to achieve the aesthetics and structure offered by Rotheroe's original research and to add a responsive precision that provides an accurate adaptation of the pattern based on curvature of a specific computationally defined surface.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ecaade2013_207
id	ecaade2013_207
authors	Bielik, Martin; Schneider, Sven; Geddert, Florian and Donath, Dirk
year	2013
title	Addis Building Configurator
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.109
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 109-116
summary	The paper presents ongoing applied research on the development of a computational design tool addressing planning deficiencies in the city of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Because of increasing population pressure and a lack of planning resources, Addis Ababa is clearly in need of new efficient planning solutions. The tool proposed utilizes and combines different generative design methods in order to increase the efficiency of planning and construction processes. The paper discusses design goals and the implementation strategy involved.
wos	WOS:000340635300010
keywords	Design tool; evolutionary optimization; generative system; developing countries.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ijac201310103
id	ijac201310103
authors	Bollmann, Dietrich and Alvaro Bonfiglio
year	2013
title	Design Constraint Systems - A Generative Approach to Architecture
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 11 - no. 1, 37-63
summary	Generative Architectural Design permits the automatic (or semiautomatic) generation of architectural objects for a wide range of applications, from archaeological research and reconstruction to digital sketching. In this paper the authors introduce design constraint systems (DCS), their approach to the generation of architectural design with the help of a simple example: The development of the necessary formalisms to generate a family of architectural designs, i.e. simple houses and pagodas. After explaining the formal system the authors introduce an approach for the generation of complex form based on the application of transformations and distortions.Architecture is bound by the constraints of physical reality: Gravitation and the properties of the used materials define the limits in which architectural design is possible. With the recent development of new materials and construction methods however, the ways in which form and physics go together get more complicated. As a result, the shapes of architecture gain more liberty, and more and more complex shapes and structures become possible.While these advances allow for new ways of architectural expression, they also make the design process much more challenging. For this reason new tools are necessary for making this complexity manageable for the architect and enable her to play and experiment with the new possibilities of complex shapes and structures. Design constraint systems can be used as tool for experimentation with complex form. Therefore, the authors dedicate the final part of this paper to a concise delineation of an approach for the generation of complex and irregular shapes and structures. While the examples used are simple, they give an idea of the generality of design constraint systems: By using a two-component approach to the generation of designs (the first component describes the abstract structure of the modelled objects while the second component interprets the structure and generates the actual geometric forms) and allowing the user to adjust both components freely, it can be adapted to all kind of different architectural styles, from historical to contemporary architecture.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	sigradi2013_281
id	sigradi2013_281
authors	Braida Rodrigues de Paula, Frederico; Lara Scanapieco Barreto; Felipe Arlindo Silva; Fernando Lima; Vinícius Morais
year	2013
title	Maquetes Híbridas: Diálogos Entre as Técnicas Tradicionais e as Tecnologias Digitais no Processo Projetual [Hybrid Models: Dialogues Between Traditional Techniques and Digital Technologies in the Design Process]
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 49 - 53
summary	This article is about hybrid models, as a kind of three-dimensional representation emerged from of the possibilities of combining traditional techniques with digital technologies. The purpose is to reflect on the possibilities of production and applications of these types of hybrid models, highlighting them as recurring elements of design practice after the rise of new technologies of information and communication, and prototyping and digital manufacturing. By adopting the model as an object of research, we propose to expand the field of reflection on the incorporation of several digital technologies in the design process, specifically aspects of three-dimensional and graphical representation.
keywords	Hybrid models; Digital technologies; Architecture and Urbanism
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	caadria2013_160
id	caadria2013_160
authors	Brennan, AnnMarie; Suleiman Alhadidi and Geoff Kimm
year	2013
title	Quokka: Programming for Real Time Digital Design Platform
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.261
source	Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 261-270
summary	This paper introduces an interactive 3D scanning tool (Quokka) that generates real time point clouds and surfaces in a design program (Rhinoceros). It explains the use of this tool through a detailed experiment, suggesting a new mode of design using a dynamic, three-dimensional grid.
wos	WOS:000351496100026
keywords	Real time design, Real time feedback, Interface, Quokka, Re-constructing surfaces, Dynamic point cloud
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia13_415
id	acadia13_415
authors	Briscoe, Danelle; Prentice, Reg
year	2013
title	Reconfiguring Frit: Serendipity in Digital Design Processes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.415
source	ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 415-416
summary	This paper presents a case study of the fritted glass design completed for the Interactive Corporation Building (IAC) in New York, New York—a key building designed by Gehry Partners, LLP—and proposes further research into a “glitch” in the production of the frit pattern that could be refined into legitimate design processes.
keywords	frit pattern; Building Information Modeling; glitch
series	ACADIA
type	Research Poster
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2013_189
id	sigradi2013_189
authors	Bruscato, Underléa; Clariana Fischer Brendler; Felipe Schneider Viaro; Fábio Gonçalves Teixeira; Régio Pierre da Silva
year	2013
title	Uso da Fabricação Digital e Prototipagem no Desenvolvimento do Projeto de Produto: Análises do Produto através de Simulações Digitais [Digital Manufacture and Rapid Prototyping in Product Design Development: Product Analysis through Digital Simulation]
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 459 - 463
summary	The aim of this paper is to design a public facilitie using both digital manufacture and rapid prototyping design methods. These new technologies have been used in product design development by some ways: helping in the comprehension of complex geometries; used as tools for analyzing the design process, thus avoiding errors in the project. The analysis were carried out using virtual simulation tests and physical prototype in reduced scale. The prototype was manufactured using the 3D printer V-Flash in the Virtual Design Laboratory – UFRGS, where positive and negatives aspects were identified and described.
keywords	Digital manufacture; Rapid prototyping; Virtual simulation; Product design; Urban facilities
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia13_071
id	acadia13_071
authors	Burry, Jane; Salim, Flora; Williams, Mani; Anton Nielsen, Stig; Pena de Leon, Alex; Sharaidin, Kamil; Burry, Mark
year	2013
title	Understanding Heat Transfer Performance for Designing Better Façades
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.071
source	ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 71-78
summary	This early research focuses on the design of building façades to mediate external and internal thermal conditions. It explores new workflow for accessible feedback into the early design of façade systems. Specifically, this research aims to explore the level of corroboration or the gap between predictions of thermal behavior using digital modeling and simulation, and the empirical measurement of thermal behavior in physical analog models for façade design.
keywords	Tools and Interfaces: façade design, heat transfer, performance-based design, simulation, data visualization.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2013_007
id	ecaade2013_007
authors	Canavezzi de Abreu, Sandro
year	2013
title	Permeability Regimes between Man and Interactive Spaces
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.449
source	Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 449-457
summary	In this paper we will present the permeability regimes: concepts conceived to contribute with the understanding of the new roles and necessary skills for the architect and designer to design performative and interactive spaces. This contribution, as will be shown here, is based on theoretical and empirical bases that will address a specific context: the methods for introducing and making tangible the relation between information, human and space for architecture students. Therefore, we will describe the dynamics of an interactive installation developed by undergraduate students, relating it to the permeability regimes.
wos	WOS:000340635300047
keywords	Digitalization; interface; mapping; hibridization; permeability.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2013_64
id	sigradi2013_64
authors	Cardoso, Eduardo; Sérgio Leandro dos Santos; Fábio Pinto da Silva; Fábio Gonçalves Teixeira; Tânia Luísa Koltermnann da Silva
year	2013
title	Tecnologias Tridimensionais para Acessibilidade em Museus [Three-dimensional Technologies for Accessibility in Museums]
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 444 - 448
summary	New technologies for 3D scanning and digital fabrication have greatly contributed to the research and production of artifacts and accessibility services to artistic fruition in museums. Thus, this article presents the results of research conducted in the discipline of 3D Technologies of the Design Graduate Program at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The work consisted in the research, selection and employment of scanning technologies for 3D scanning of artifacts from the Museum's collection Joaquim José Felizardo - Porto Alegre - RS, for subsequent production of tactile replicates, as an example and validation of these applications in this context.
keywords	Accessibility, Museums, Three-dimensional scanning, Digital fabrication
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:48

_id	ecaade2013r_001
id	ecaade2013r_001
authors	Carreiro, Miguel; Pinto, Pedro
year	2013
title	The evolution of representation in architecture
source	FUTURE TRADITIONS [1st eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 978-989-8527-03-5], University of Porto, Faculty of Architecture (Portugal), 4-5 April 2013, pp. 27-38
summary	This paper proposes an overview on the relation between representation, technology and architecture methodologies. Focusing on disposable digital tools, it reaches the new tools of virtual immersive 3D architectural environments. It also addresses the concepts of operative 3D, augmented reality and robotic manufacturing, thus introducing a system of digital tools that enables users to step inside a 3D virtual reality environment, built as a virtual building prototype, and to use all data instructions directly with the construction industry. This paper questions therefore the traditional processes and perceptions in architecture and draw present and future advanced state-of-the-arts methodologies. As a result, future and tradition in architectural design methods are challenged. Recognizing the permanent tensions between traditional and innovative processes, possible methodological changes are put in perspective, namely the fields of technical representation, building construction and design processes.
keywords	Architecture; Representation; Technology; 3D; Methodology
email
last changed	2013/10/07 19:08

_id	cf2013_315
id	cf2013_315
authors	Chang, Darren
year	2013
title	Aerodynamic Performance Driven Form-Generation for Skyscraper Design
source	Global Design and Local Materialization[Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Computer Aided Architectural Design Futures / ISBN 978-3-642-38973-3] Shanghai, China, July 3-5, 2013, pp. 315-326.
summary	I have conducted a study to explore aerodynamic performance as a driver for skyscraper design, utilizing up-to-date parametric design and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technologies readily available to architects. Previous scientific research has suggested strategies in modifying the form of skyscrapers for the purpose of improving their aerodynamic performance. I have incorporated six of such strategies into parametric design tool to produce a matrix of 60 prototypes. These prototypes are subjected to qualitative and quantitatively evaluation iterations to yield the most optimized design, with considerations given primarily to aerodynamic performance, and secondarily to structural robustness, program potential, and image attractiveness. The selected design option is further developed into a skyscraper concept. A multi-staged aerodynamic performance-driven design process is the most important result of the study. In addition, two valuable insights have been obtained: first, to inject a new inspiration into the design of skyscrapers, I have implemented the MultiDisciplinary Optimization (MDO) methodology from the aerospace industry. Second, I am able to support form-generation parametric design by quantitative evaluation process.
keywords	performative architecture, performance-driven form-generation, skyscraper design, multi-disciplinary optimization, tall building aerodynamics
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2014/03/24 07:08

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