CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 609

_id sigradi2013_183
id sigradi2013_183
authors Andino, Dulce; Sheng-Fen Chien
year 2013
title Embedding Shape Grammars in a Parametric Design Software
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 202 - 206
summary The Garifuna are a group of people that live on the northern coast of Honduras and the coast of Belize. They have a very distinct and vibrant culture. Minority cultures are currently absorbed by mainstreamed cultures and the Garifuna ethnicity is directly influenced by this phenomenon. In this research it is of special concern to encapsulate Garifuna vernacular architecture by means of shape grammars. The research provides a clear documentation of the grammars implemented in Grasshopper, as well as discusses about the issues of embedding shape grammars in the Rhino/Grasshopper environment.
keywords Garifuna; shape grammar; Parametric shape grammars; Grasshopper
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2013_115
id ecaade2013_115
authors Barczik, Günter
year 2013
title Continuous Oscillations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.571
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 571-578
summary We present and discuss a didactic for augmenting architectural design education with computational design techniques via integrative feedback loops and show examples of student projects. Our goal is to embed new technical skills into existing design abilities as quickly as possible, in order to enable our students to exploit and explore the extended capabilities of digital design techniques within the framework of architectural design projects. We instigate a process of continuous mutual feedback between different fields: on the one hand between technique-based exercises and design-related steps, and on the other hand between the digital and the physical. Through oscillation and feedback, the newly learned skills are directly interwoven with the existing ones. Special emphasis is put on the illuminative effects of transitions between different media and on issues of fabrication.
wos WOS:000340643600058
keywords Design curriculum; tools; shape studies.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_305
id sigradi2013_305
authors Echaíz Bielitz, Bárbara; Carla Ponzano Quintanar
year 2013
title Physical Computing Toydesign [Juguetes Interactivos por Medio de Arduino para Niños con Discapacidad Motriz]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 484 - 488
summary This research project explores the Arduino potentialities, as a performer and mediator between individuals and their environment. Our goal is to generate spaces to modify that environment through an interface that dialogues with stimuli and actions.Our interest is to connect vulnerable individuals to possible acts of appropriation that is, being able to perform a symbolic ownership of their environments. For doing that, we see the opportunity of using Arduino within the context of differential pedagogy for children with special needs. All this, considering the evident deficiencies of that kind of educational facilities, particularly regarding children with motor disabilities daily activities.
keywords Physical computing; Arduino; Early education and development; Motor disabilities; Interactive toys
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:51

_id caadria2013_260
id caadria2013_260
authors Kaftan, Martin and Milena Stavric
year 2013
title Robotic Fabrication of Modular Form-Work – An Innovative Approach to Formwork Fabrication for Non-Standard  Concrete Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.075
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 75-84
summary In this work we address the fast and economical realization of complex formwork for concrete with the advantage of robotic fabrication. Under economical realization we mean reduction of production time and material efficiency. The complex form of individual formwork parts can be in our case double curved surface or complex mesh geometry. We propose the fabrication of the formwork by straight or shaped hot wire. We illustrate different approaches to mould production, where the proposed process demonstrates itself effective. In our approach we deal with the special kinds of modularity and specific symmetry of the formwork.  
wos WOS:000351496100008
keywords Robotic fabrication, Formwork, Non-standard structures 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id caadria2013_186
id caadria2013_186
authors Kaushik, Vignesh and Patrick Janssen
year 2013
title An Evolutionary Design Process – Adaptive-Iterative Explorations in Computational Embryogenesis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.137
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 137-146
summary Computational embryogenies are a special kind of genotype to phenotype mapping process widely used inexplorative evolutionary systems as they provide the mechanism for generating more complex solutions. This paper focuses on how designers explore embryogenies for specific design scenariosthrough an adaptive-iterative process.The process is demonstratedfor a complex project to generate a prototypical urban farm in Singapore. It is shown that by employing an adaptive-iterative process, the embryogeny can be made progressively more complex and less abstract, thereby allowing the exploration to be guided by the designer.  
wos WOS:000351496100014
keywords Computational embryogeny, Evolutionary, Multi-criteria optimization, Encoding, Decoding 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id caadria2013_109
id caadria2013_109
authors Schnabel, Marc Aurel; Tian Tian Lo and Yingge Qu
year 2013
title Manga Architecture – Developing Architectural Narratives
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.771
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 771-780
summary Bi-tonal and non-photorealistic architectural depictions can be employed to develop a narrative that engages the reader with both visual aspects and other emotional reactions. Using this story-telling approach to communicate architectural design is subsequently not only represented through its factual dimensions of length, width and height, materials, structure or technical details, but is extended to intangible sensorial realms, which gains special value for laypersons and professional alike. This paper presents how architects and laypersons develop a narrative of their architectural design proposals or concepts using a visualisation and story-telling tools that generates designs akin to Japanese cartoons or manga. Our paper presents the methodology, the instruments used and highlights on the base of representative samples of how narrative bitonal depictions of architecture contributes to the overall understanding of an architectural design and how non tangible factors aid the designers in their communication.  
wos WOS:000351496100080
keywords Digital manga, Architectural depiction, Visual communication, Story-telling 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id sigradi2013_158
id sigradi2013_158
authors Soza, Pedro; Matthew Swarts; Paula Gomez; Jonathan Shaw
year 2013
title On the Process of Building Knowledge to Support the Design of Digital Tools: A Case Study for Future Residential Buildings on Campus
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 66 - 70
summary This article presents the process of building knowledge to inform the process of developing a design application for mid-size urban settings. We call such an application Campus Information Modeling – CIM. Four different strategies are exposed, with special interest in a behavioral study regarding users’ qualitative evaluation of buildings they inhabit and how such information will be used in the design of the CIM tool. Finally, implications and future research are discussed.
keywords Campus Information Model; Building knowledge; Behavioral Study; Software Design
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id ecaade2013_062
id ecaade2013_062
authors Bittermann, Michael S. and Ciftcioglu, Ozer
year 2013
title Ambient Surveillance by Probabilistic-Possibilistic Perception
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.2.345
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 2, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 345-353
summary A method for quantifying ambient surveillance is presented, which is based on probabilistic-possibilistic perception. The human surveillance of a scene through observing camera sensed images on a monitor is modeled in three steps. First immersion of the observer is simulated by modeling perception of the scene from the camera locations using probabilistic perception approach. The perceptions are thereafter combined by means of probabilistic union, simulating simultaneous watching of the scene from multiple viewing positions. As third step the combined perceptions are converted to a possibility using triangular possibility density function. The latter step accounts for the fact that surveillance takes place via monitor depiction and not directly as perception of the actual physical scene. The method is described and demonstrated by means of an ambient surveillance application involving three cameras. The resulting possibility of perception is compared to the case of using two cameras, quantifying the added value of additional camera as to surveillance.
wos WOS:000340643600035
keywords Perception; possibility; ambient intelligence; surveillance.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id caadria2013_258
id caadria2013_258
authors Reinhardt, Dagmar; William Martens and Luis Miranda
year 2013
title Sonic Domes – Solving Acoustic Performance of Curved Surfaces by Interfacing Parametric Design, Structural Engineering and Acoustic Analysis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.529
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 529-538
summary This paper addresses the acoustic performance of complex curved surface geometries that are commonly known to pose problems of sound concentration, thus affecting speech intelligibility and audience experience in spaces of temporal arts performance. It reviews an open system of design research in which parametric design process, structural analysis and acoustic analysis are deployed to improve the sound of ellipsoidal structures in relation to sound source and audience positions, by adapting the height, dimension and centre point of a dome structure, consequently improving the acoustic behaviour of the performance space. The paper discusses an iterative design, analysis and optimization processes, in which a number of generative form variations were developed in Grasshopper, and reworked in McNeel Rhino, tested in engineering software (Strand7), and evaluated in acoustic simulation (ODEON). This allowed an interdisciplinary team to develop, test and evolve a design proposal that shows one solution for avoiding sound concentration and consequently improving acoustic performance in complex intersecting and curved geometries of a multifunctional building.  
wos WOS:000351496100052
keywords Parametric design, Sound concentration, Curved surfaces, Structural engineering, Acoustic simulation  
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id acadia13_207
id acadia13_207
authors Sanchez, Jose
year 2013
title Gamescapes
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.207
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 207-216
summary While parametrics and form-finding techniques focus on design as an idea of “search,” it is inevitable to wonder if the field is becoming stagnated, converging on similar “solutions” in an ever-shrinking design search space.Initiatives like Minecraft, coming from video game design, reopen the creative desires of players by providing a rigorous algorithmic set of rules and a fully open world coupling algorithmic design and intuition. This is what J.C.R. Licklider would call “man-computer symbiosis”(Licklider 1960).This paper presents how game mechanics suggest a radically different ethos for computational design thinking. It presents the Bloom project, commissioned for the London Olympics in 2012, which combines the use of industrially produced identical components with game mechanics. This project breaks the idea of serialized outcomes and suggests that within the search space of possible formations, there are unforeseeable assemblies and creative outcomes.The Bloom project has become a new research unit at UCL Bartlett, coupling notions of digital modular materials and crowd-farming for assembly, which positions gaming as a design heuristics to open the field of architectural design.
keywords crowd search, game mechanics, combinatorics, open-ended, sandbox, intelligence augmentation.
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia13_269
id acadia13_269
authors Swackhamer, Marc; Satterfield, Blair
year 2013
title Breaking the Mold: Variable Vacuum Forming
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.269
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 269-278
summary Our research explores the growth of surface complexity through careful attention to program and performance criteria. As this complexity emerges, however, we are repeatedly confronted with the realization that its cost compromises any of its performance gains. While the aggregation of repeatable units with variation from one unit to the next is achievable at a low cost through subtractive fabrication technologies (CNC milling, laser cutting, waterjet cutting), it is more difficult to achieve through casting or forming technologies (concrete casting, injection molding, vacuum forming). This is because formwork is not adaptable. Once you produce a mold, typically at a high cost, that mold makes one component only. If you want variation, a new mold must be produced for each new component. With the projects Hexwall and VarVac Wall we put forward a simple question: can an intelligent, adaptable vacuum-forming mold be developed that allows for difference from one component to another without the necessity for multiple molds? The research positions our design efforts strategically at the front end of the fabrication process. Our goal is to develop a malleable tool that allows for endless variation in a fabrication process where variation is typically impractical.
keywords tools and interfaces; vacuum forming, variable, plastic, fabrication, surface, custom tools
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2013_74
id sigradi2013_74
authors Zanelli de Morais, Lívia P.; David Moreno Sperling
year 2013
title Datascapes: Diálogos entre Informação e Espaço [Datascapes: Dialogues between Information and Space]
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 134 - 138
summary This article reflects on the use of information in the production of spatialities and is part of an ongoing research about Project Experiences in Contemporary Housing that analyzes the projects of the Dutch office MVRDV. The text presented here focuses on the mapping of information as design process, a methodology used by the office that positions its production between research and project investigation. Then, it presents the Silodam project, a case study to illustrate aspects of the analysis intended by the research.
keywords Design proces; Database; Datascapes; Diagrams
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:03

_id caadria2013_030
id caadria2013_030
authors Adamantidis, Ermis; Madhav Kidao and Marios Tsiliakos
year 2013
title Siphonophore – A Physical Computing Simulation of Colonial Intelligence Organisms
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.355
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 355-364
summary This paper sets out to document the procedural design and implementation of “Siphonophore” a multisensory digital ecology, mimicking colonial-ordered behaviour systems. The exploration of the notion of “self” in a complex system of highly integrated individuals with reference to the emergence of behaviours from the human-machine-context interaction, is engaged by this open system’s hierarchical articulation of electronics, Arduino boards, sensors and programming routines. User interaction and recorded statistics from the system’s core algorithm are assessed, in relation to the capacity of this prototype to provide an alternative methodology of describing collective intelligence, while presenting a non-standard perspective of body-space interaction and design as entertaining art. The overall impact is discussed in relation to the examined observations, towards a potential advancement to a system of superior contextual understanding.  
wos WOS:000351496100035
keywords Colonial intelligence, Multisensory installation, Physical computing, Spatial sensing, Human-machine interaction 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia13_281
id acadia13_281
authors Ahlquist, Sean; Menges, Achim
year 2013
title Frameworks for Computational Design of Textile Micro-Architectures and Material Behavior in Forming Complex Force-Active Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2013.281
source ACADIA 13: Adaptive Architecture [Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-1-926724-22-5] Cambridge 24-26 October, 2013), pp. 281-292
summary Material behavior can be defined as the confluence of associative rules, contextual pressures and constraints of materialization. In more general terms, it can be parameterized as topologies, forces and materiality. Forming behavior means resolving the intricate matrix of deterministic and indeterministic factors that comprise and interrelate each subset of these material- nherent conditions. This requires a concise design framework which accumulates the confluent behavior through successive and cyclical exchange of multiple design modes, rather than through a single design environment or set of prescribed procedures. This paper unfolds a sequencing of individual methods as part of a larger design framework, described through the development of a series of complex hybrid- structure material morphologies. The “hybrid” nature reflects the integration of multiple force-active structural concepts within a single continuous material system, devising both self-organized yet highly articulated spatial conditions. This leads primarily to the development of what is termed a “textile hybrid” system: an equilibrium state of tensile surfaces and bending-active meshes. The research described in this paper looks to expose the structure of the textile as an indeterministic design parameter, where its architecture can be manipulated as means for exploring and differentiating behavior. This is done through experimentation with weft-knitting technologies, in which the variability of individual knit logics is instrumentalized for simultaneously articulating and structuring form. Such relationships are shown through an installation constructed at the ggggallery in Copenhagen, Denmark.
keywords Material Behavior, Spring-based Simulation, CNC Knitting, Form- and Bending-Active, Textile Hybrid Structures.
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_243
id sigradi2013_243
authors Andia, Alfredo
year 2013
title Automated Architecture: Why CAD, Parametrics and Fabrication are Really old News
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 83 - 87
summary Automation is transforming a significant number of industries today. This paper discusses how the Design and Construction industry is also entering into a new era of automation. In the paper I observe that designers are automating by using parametric tools (BIM, scripting, etc.) while contractors are moving into pre-fabrication and modularization. Both conceptualizations are incomplete. The paper presents how we are in the first steps of creating learning algorithms that develop specific intelligence in design synthesis and how the design field will became even more sophisticated as a second generation of multi-material 3D printing techniques produce new materials.
keywords Automation; Architectural design; Artificial intelligence; Learning algorithms; Multi-material printers
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2013_111
id ecaade2013_111
authors Androutsopoulou, Eirini
year 2013
title Urban Body Mutations through the Use of the Network Configuration
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.275
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 275-281
summary Taking as a starting point the hypotheses that the urban body is a self-adapted ecology made of material and non-material components (Bateson, 1972), relationships between elements are examined in an attempt to destabilize the static division of matter and idea and to inquire into those relationships that determine the structural coupling (Maturana, 2002) between body and environment, as well as the constitution of the body itself. Contemporary technology is used in order to trace these alterations and the urban body is examined as a network configuration. The importance of the methodology adopted by the current research lies in the fact that social and economic factors merge with spatial characteristics, allowing for a visualization and re-interpretation of the urban body mutations based on self-adapted reconfigurations and for a prediction of the structural alterations made possible through the reconfiguration of the synaptic forces between elements.
wos WOS:000340635300028
keywords Mutation; urban body; visualization techniques; network; data manipulation.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013_068
id ecaade2013_068
authors Attia, Shady and Andersen, Marilyne
year 2013
title Measuring the Usability, Efficiency and Effectiveness of CAAD Tools and Applications
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.147
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 147-155
summary Computer Aided Architectural Design (CAAD) decisions and judgments have been at the heart of architectural design practice. Despite the increasing popularity of computer aided design applications, measuring the decision making of designers empirically remains elusive. Past research claiming usefulness of the CAD has relied largely on anecdotal or case studies that are vulnerable to bias. The study reviews results of prior investigations. The relatively few laboratory experiments report hardly any empirical results regarding the measurement of CAD decision making. The study provides an overview of the literature of existing measurement methods that have been used in psychology and neuroscience to assess individual variations in design making, and highlight these different measurement methods’ strengths and weaknesses. We conclude with a comparative evaluation of the different measures and provide suggestions regarding their constructive use in building realistic theories of designer’s decision making measurement.
wos WOS:000340635300014
keywords Measurement; usability; efficiency; effectiveness; CAAD.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2013_212
id ecaade2013_212
authors Beirão, José and Arrobas, Pedro
year 2013
title Interactive Urban Parametric Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2013.1.291
source Stouffs, Rudi and Sariyildiz, Sevil (eds.), Computation and Performance – Proceedings of the 31st eCAADe Conference – Volume 1, Faculty of Architecture, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands, 18-20 September 2013, pp. 291-299
summary This paper presents the use of a City Information Modeling (CIM) platform composed of a GIS platform, a SQL database, a CAD design interface and a VPI used to develop the parametric models of possible development scenarios. It calculates urban indicators and measurable design properties in order to better understand and support choices while making design decisions. Such approach improves the generation of alternative scenarios projections supported by the calculation of urban properties.
wos WOS:000340635300030
keywords Flexible planning; parametric urban design; alternative scenarios.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2013_30
id sigradi2013_30
authors Bunster, Victor
year 2013
title How to Customize Architecture under Heavily Prescribed Design Conditions? Principles and Prospects for an Evolutionary System
source SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 319 - 323
summary Architectural design is a complex activity. The development of a building involves management of the diverse goals of a heterogeneous group of agents using no more than the discrete resources of a given setting. These variables can often conflict and result in rigid normative frameworks that can limit the capacity of a designer to respond with accuracy to diverse environmental factors. The main aim of this paper is to present the theoretical foundations of an evolutionary system to assist the customization of architecture under such prescribed design conditions.
keywords Mass customization; Design computing; Information theory; Evolution; Prescription
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2013_220
id caadria2013_220
authors Chaszar, André and José Nuno Beirão
year 2013
title Feature Recognition and Clustering for Urban Modelling – Exploration and Analysis in GIS and CAD
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2013.601
source Open Systems: Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2013) / Singapore 15-18 May 2013, pp. 601-610
summary In urban planning exploration and analysis assist the generation, measurement, interpretation and management of the modelled urban environments. This frequently involves categorisation of model elements and identification of element types. Such designation of elements can be achieved through attribution (e.g. ‘tagging’ or ‘layering’) or direct selection by model users. However, for large, complex models the number and arrangement of elements makes these approaches impractical in terms of time/effort and accuracy. This is particularly true of models which include substantial numbers of elements representing existing urban fabric, rather than only newly generated elements (which might be automatically attributed during the generation process). We present methods for identification and categorisation of model elements in models of existing and proposed urban agglomerations. We also suggest how these methods can enable exploration of models, discovery of identities and relationships not otherwise obvious, and acquisition of insights to the models’ structure and contents which are not captured, and may even be obscured, by manual selection or automated pre-attribution.  
wos WOS:000351496100059
keywords City information modelling, Data mining, Feature recognition, Geometric-content-based-search, Urban typologies 
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

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