Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia21_444
id	acadia21_444
authors	Crawford, Assia
year	2021
title	Mitochondrial Matrix
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 444-453.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.444
summary	The following project was created as part of an art residency with the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research (WCMR) at Newcastle University. The WCMR specializes in leading-edge research into mitochondrial disease, investigating causes, treatments, and ways of avoiding hereditary transmission. Mitochondria is believed to have started off as a separate species that through symbiosis came to be the powerhouse of each cell in our bodies (Hird 2009). Mitochondrial disease is a genetic disorder that is caused by genetic mutations of the DNA of the mitochondria or the cell that in turn affects the mitochondria (Bolano 2018). Mitochondria is a hereditary condition and can affect people at different stages in their lives. It can affect various organs and has a link to various types of conditions. Therefore, the patient experience is unique to each individual and the elusive nature of the condition can make it particularly challenging due to the complexity of the disorder as well as the inaccessible scale on which these variations occur (Chinnery 2014)
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_246
id	acadia21_246
authors	Safley, Nick
year	2021
title	Reconnecting...
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 246-255.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.246
summary	This design research reimagines the architectural detail in a postdigital framework and proposes digital methods to work upon discrete tectonics. Drawing upon Marco Frascari's writing The Tell-the-Tale Detail, the study aims to reimagine tectonic thinking for focused attention after the digital turn. Today, computational tools are powerful enough to perform operations more similar to physical tools than in the earlier digital era. These tools create a "digital materiality," where architects can manipulate digital information in parallel and overlapping ways to physical corollaries. (Abrons and Fure, 2018) To date, work in this area has focused on materiality specifically. This project reinterprets tectonics using texture map editing and point cloud information, particularly reconceptualizing jointing using images. Smartphone-based 3D digital scanning was used to captured details from a series of Carlo Scarpa's influential works, isolating these details from their physical sites and focusing attention upon individual tectonic moments. As digital scans, these details problematize the rhetoric of smoothness and seamlessness prevalent in digital architecture as they are discretely construed loci yet composed of digital meshes. (Jones 2014) Once removed from their contexts, reconnecting the digital scans into compositions of "compound details" necessitated a series of new mechanisms for constructing and construing not native to the material world. Using Photoshop editing of texture-mapped images, digital texturing of meshes, and interpretation of the initial material constructions, new joints within and between these the digital scanned details were created to reframe the original detail for the post-digital.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2014_136
id	sigradi2014_136
authors	Pastor, Andrés Martín; Roberto Narvaez Rodriguez, Jorge Torres Holguín, Jorge Galindo Díaz
year	2014
title	Los workshops de geometría en Cad3d y prefabricación digital como estrategia docente en la enseñanza de la geometría para la arquitectura. geometría y proyecto [Workshops about geometry, 3dCad and digital fabrication as a teaching strategy for architectural geometry learning. geometry and design studio]
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 213-216
summary	This paper shows the approaches and results of an innovation teaching project carried out in the University of Seville and the National University of Colombia. The purpose is to teach architectural geometry within collaborative teams of professors and groups of 25 students. Through a guided exercise, students work on the relationship between geometry and all the phases of the typical architectural process, applying geometry to solve real problems. It begins with the ideation, digital construction and resolution of construction, to conclude with the physical execution of the project.
keywords	Architectural Geometry; Teaching Innovation; Digital Fabrication; Collaborative Work; Generative Design
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:57

_id	caadria2014_206
id	caadria2014_206
authors	Dias, Miguel Sales; Sara Eloy, Miguel Carreiro, Pedro Proença, Ana Moural, Tiago Pedro, João Freitas, Elisângela Vilar, Jorge D'alpuim and António Sérgio Azevedo
year	2014
title	Designing Better Spaces for People
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 739–748
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.739
summary	We present a pilot study aiming to explore the use of biometrics sensing technology within a semi-immersive VR environment, where users face architectural spaces which induce them sensations close to fear of heights, claustrophobia, frustration and relief. Electrodermal activity was used to detect users’ emotional arousal, while navigating in VR. Navigation conditions and participants’ expertise with games were controlled. Main results show that physiological measurement of user’s perceptions can discriminate well "positive" from "negative" spaces, providing designers with basic information on people’s emotional state when using the buildings they design.
keywords	Virtual reality; computational design; human-computer interaction; space perception; biometrics sensing, electrodermal activity
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia21_530
id	acadia21_530
authors	Adel, Arash; Augustynowicz, Edyta; Wehrle, Thomas
year	2021
title	Robotic Timber Construction
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by S. Parascho, J. Scott, and K. Dörfler. 530-537.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.530
summary	Several research projects (Gramazio et al. 2014; Willmann et al. 2015; Helm et al. 2017; Adel et al. 2018; Adel Ahmadian 2020) have investigated the use of automated assembly technologies (e.g., industrial robotic arms) for the fabrication of nonstandard timber structures. Building on these projects, we present a novel and transferable process for the robotic fabrication of bespoke timber subassemblies made of off-the-shelf standard timber elements. A nonstandard timber structure (Figure 2), consisting of four bespoke subassemblies: three vertical supports and a Zollinger (Allen 1999) roof structure, acts as the case study for the research and validates the feasibility of the proposed process.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2014_056
id	sigradi2014_056
authors	Barros, Diana Rodriguez; Stella Maris Massa
year	2014
title	Diseño de interfaces y modelos de análisis y evaluación en entornos post-digitales. Casos de aplicación con recursos educativos abiertos y repositorios [Interface design and analysis and evaluation models post-digital environmentsApplication cases with open educational resources and repositories]
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 44-48
summary	We present studies and advances that link two I+D+T projects based in FADU and FI UNMdP, Argentina. These studies, started this year, have the common aim from two complementary visions, enriching an indexed and classified heritage about Open Educational Resources and repositories in postdigital environments and academic areas. This is a collaborative and interdisciplinary work with the purpose of supporting the improvement of presence, semi-presence, and distance educational process, and helping free and equal access to different available educational resources. At this state, in particular, we are interested in contributing to the improvement of REA interface designs and repositories through providing heuristic lists that join later an analysis and evaluation interface model.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	caadria2014_167
id	caadria2014_167
authors	Nojimoto, Cynthia; Mayara D. De Souza, João Paulo Soares and Marcelo Tramontano
year	2014
title	Thinking About Systems
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 451–460
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.451
summary	This paper presents the organization of a design process which allows the inclusion of communities in a collaborative way and integrates cultural and social aspects of local context, by considering available material resources and equipment, local practices in architecture and construction, environmental features, and other aspects into the possibilities provided by parametric design and digital fabrication. This paper recognizes that design process is developed from interrelated actions, which can be understood by the concept of complexity from the French philosopher Edgar Morin.
keywords	Complexity; Design process; Parametric design; Digital fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2020_542
id	ecaade2020_542
authors	Brown, Andre, Liu, Yisi, Webb, Nicholas and Knight, Mike
year	2020
title	Interpreting and exploiting narrative as a sketch design generator for application in VE
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 449-458
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.449
summary	The research in this paper focusses on how a narrative text can be the generator of an architectural drawing, or other architectural representation, such as an Architectural Virtual Environment. The drawn physical sketch has traditionally played that role. A particular approach to narrative has been important for some notable architects and their architecture. Ian Ritchie (2014), for instance, celebrates the use of poetry to describe the essential spirit of a scheme before any drawing is done. The work in the paper here describes the proposition to capture such narrative text in a systematic and structured way. We describe foundational work on how the captured narrative text has been translated into a contemporary, computer-mediated, design development environment. Different narrative accounts recalling a now demolished house form the focus case study. This case study is the vehicle through which the initial principles establishing how best to move from narrative to virtual representation are established and tested.
keywords	virtual environment; narrative; sketch; virtual reality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia14_311
id	acadia14_311
authors	Crolla, Kristof; Williams, Nicholas
year	2014
title	Smart Nodes: A System for Variable Structural Frames with 3D Metal-Printed Nodes
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 311-316
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.311
summary	The SmartNodes research explores the potentials for highly-designed, customized connection nodes to be used in combination with standardized components in enabling a system of highly differentiated structures. This paper reports on the design workflow and research in progress towards the development of a prototype structure.
keywords	3D Metal Printing, Frame Structures, Embedded Intelligence, Digital Manufacturing, Mass-Customization, Digital Design Workflow, Works in Progress.
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ascaad2014_029
id	ascaad2014_029
authors	Shih , Rowell Ray L. and Runddy D. Ramilo
year	2014
title	The Visual Perception and Human Cognition of Urban Environments Using Semantic Scales
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 361-374
summary	The purpose of this study was to examine visual perception and human cognition on the use of 3D models to support the proper essential means of urban design presentations. The perception and comprehension of spatial volumes was examined between these 3D visualizations as a means of presentations for urban design. The Semantic Environmental Description Scale was used to investigate the effectiveness of both static 3D conventional scale models and 3D digital modelling. By using the Semantic Environmental Scale, we can find the attributes which affects the visual perception between the users of traditional scale models and the 3D digital models. A survey was conducted to measure how the respondents describe an urban environment. There were two groups of users: The first group was only allowed to analyse the scale model and the other group was given the 3D digital animation model. This methodology allows us to identify these main factors or attributes which describes the laypersons perception between these visualization techniques. In this way, a quantitative way of predicting the overall assessment from these factors can be obtained, thus predicting the success of a specific visualization method and thereby evaluating these main factors that condition it.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	acadia14_473
id	acadia14_473
authors	Cutellic, Pierre
year	2014
title	Le Cube d'Après, Integrated Cognition for Iterative and generative Designs.
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 473-478
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.473
summary	This paper describes the work in progress of a research on Neurodesign and a previously described process entitled Augmented Iterations [Cutellic and Lotte, 2013]. Within this broader field of research and design explorations, we will focus on describing and comment results obtained in the neuroselection of shapes among a continuously varying flow of visual stimuli. Eventually, these results will lead to the identification of a non-linear and non-convergent potential for the human-based computation of iterative and generative designs.
keywords	Human Computer Interaction, Augmented Iteration, Neurodesign, Generative Design, Integrated Cognition, Evolutionary Computation, Design Computing and Cognition
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2014_232
id	ecaade2014_232
authors	Daniel Baerlecken and Sabri Gokmen
year	2014
title	Emphatic Lines - Surface structuring based on Walter Crane's pattern making methods
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 107-114
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.107
wos	WOS:000361385100010
summary	The paper introduces a method for structuring and ornamenting double-curved geometry, which is developed through the lens of Walter Crane. Crane's method for pattern making is based on underlying scaffolds and infill patterns for two dimensional surfaces. The presented research uses his method and applies it through digitals means to three dimensional surfaces. The scaffold is used to solve the problem of curvature: it creates flat facets. This approach is tested through a prototypical installation at the Musee d'Jurassien d'Art and d'histoire using aluminium sheet metal and water-jet cutting, but can also be transferred to other architectural applications.
keywords	Tendrils; patterning; making; facets
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2014_112
id	ecaade2014_112
authors	Miguel Sales Dias, Sara Eloy, Miguel Carreiro, Elisângela Vilar, Sibila Marques, Ana Moural, Pedro Proênça, Joana Cruz, Jorge d'Alpuim, Nelson Carvalho, António Sérgio Azevedo and Tiago Pedro
year	2014
title	Space Perception in Virtual Environments - On how biometric sensing in virtual environments may give architects users's feedback
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 271-280
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.271
wos	WOS:000361385100029
summary	This paper focuses on the objective study of emotions, namely, fear induced by architectural spaces, by sensing and statistically analysing some physiological signals of users experiencing Virtual Environments (VE). For this, a virtual building was designed considering the presence of stairs and ramps as architectural elements that could affect users´ physiological states and perception of fear of falling. Thirty-one older persons participated in this study and were assigned to two experimental conditions (i.e., safe and unsafe conditions). Five main locations (beginning of the stairs; neutral room; first descending ramp; ascending ramp; and the middle of ascending ramp) were considered along the participants' path, and heart rate (HR) was collected in the vicinity of those locations. Results shown significant differences in HR activation among neutral, beginning of stairs and middle of ascending ramp. Despite the fact that the effect of condition was not fully verified for HR, participants reported more fear while interacting with the unsafe condition, with significant differences between conditions.
keywords	Virtual environments; space perception; biometric sensing; emotion; ambient assisted living; architecture design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2014_021
id	ecaade2014_021
authors	Aant van der Zee, Bauke de Vries and Theo Salet
year	2014
title	From rapid prototyping to automated manufacturing
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 455-461
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.455
wos	WOS:000361384700045
summary	In this paper we present an outline of a newly started project to develop a tool which connects BIM to a manufacturing technique like 3D printing. First we will look some promising manufacturing techniques. We will design a small dwelling and export it into a BIM, from which we will extract our data to generate the path the nozzle has to follow. The chosen path is constrained by the material properties, the design and speed of the nozzle. To validate the system we develop a small VR tool in which we mimic a manufacturing tool.
keywords	Rapid prototyping; rapid manufacturing; robotics; automation; building information model (bim)
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2015_037
id	cf2015_037
authors	de Vries, Bauke; Grond, Manon and van der Zee, Aant
year	2015
title	Development of a multi-disciplinary university wide design course
source	The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 37-46.
summary	Design is one of the basic skills of every engineer. However until now design is only seen as a core course in Architecture studies and lately in Industrial Engineering studies. This paper reports about the development of a design course for all departments of a typical technical university. After a short overview of design teaching tradition, an inventory is presented of the different interpretation of design by the various departments. The course development is presented over two periods: 2012-2014, and 2014-2015. In between a major change was conducted. The course learning goals and student evaluations are presented. In the discussion we reflect on fundamental and practical problems that occur in design teaching for such a wide audience. Finally we draw conclusions on the changing role of design what is needed to give design the same status as mathematics in a technical curriculum.
keywords	Design, Design teaching, Multi-disciplinary design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2015/06/29 07:55

_id	ecaade2014_054
id	ecaade2014_054
authors	Domenico D'Uva
year	2014
title	Morphogenesis and panelling, the use of generative tools beyond academia. - Case studies and limits of the method.
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 81-87
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.081
wos	WOS:000361385100007
summary	The increasing complexity in architectural design brought a parallel evolution of tools for shape generation and management. Digital tools which better fulfil this need are the generative design software. The aim of this work is finding and testing real life uses of generative design software beyond academic edges. The specific target is transform a complex surface into a similar surface mostly made of flat panels. As a testing ground it has been chosen the support in construction of complex shapes made with ordinary and well known tools. The combination of software used is Rhinoceros, with its plugin Grasshopper, and a couple of opensource add-on, Lunchbox and Paneling tool. The cases are listed from the simplest to the most complex, and the first four are solved with the automated procedure, the fifth, manually. Based on the cases studied it is possible to confirm that the method is applicable to the majority of the complex surfaces.
keywords	Generative; panelling; discretization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia14projects_265
id	acadia14projects_265
authors	Huller, Brennen; Long, Nels; Troufanov, Nikita; Wiscombe, Tom
year	2014
title	Puff`d Composites
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 265-266
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.265
summary	PUFF’D prototype explores plasticity of composite construction and the role of the seam and joint in architecture.
keywords	plasticity, compostite construction, monolithic building components
series	ACADIA
type	Tex-Fab
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ascaad2014_022
id	ascaad2014_022
authors	Kotsopoulos, Sotirios D.; Leonardo Giusti and Federico Casalegno
year	2014
title	Designing Synchronous Interactions for the Fenestration System of a Prototype Sustainable Dwelling
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 291-301
summary	This paper presents an interactive fenestration system designed for the principal façade of a prototype sustainable dwelling. The system attains autonomous, responsive and interactive modes of operation, and is able to provide synchronous response to a wide variety of environmental conditions and user needs. The method to address the design of the system was to integrate electro-active materials and real time sensing and control technologies. The test was to implement a full-scale façade with the abovementioned capabilities. This presentation discusses the features, technologies and reasoning followed in the design and implementation of the façade.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	ecaade2014_159
id	ecaade2014_159
authors	Leyla Yunis, Ond_ej Kyjánek, Moritz Dörstelmann, Marshall Prado, Tobias Schwinn and Achim Menges
year	2014
title	Bio-inspired and fabrication-informed design strategies for modular fibrous structures in architecture
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 423-432
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.423
wos	WOS:000361384700042
summary	Research pavilions can serve as architectural scale demonstrations for the materialization of experimental forms and structures. Pavilions seek to prove and change methods of design and construction mechanisms in order to achieve desires such as material efficiency, novel spatial qualities and performative needs. The case of the ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 highlights the use of fiber composites in order to achieve a core-less filament winding modular system from bio-inspired lightweight structures through robotic fabrication. This paper describes the multi-disciplinary design and construction process of this pavilion that created a structure of out 36 unique components.
keywords	Bio-inspired; fiber composites; multi-disciplinary design; robotic fabrication; modular system construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2014_266
id	sigradi2014_266
authors	Lonsing, Werner; Peter Anders Ph.D.
year	2014
title	Portable Architectural Design - Developing a Immersive Augmented Reality System for Architects
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 166-169
summary	The architectural design process is, besides sketching, bound to the office. The introduction of computational design did not really change it. This paper will introduce and discuss the development of an affordable solution for a wearable and immersive augmented-reality-system (AR) for architects based on simple hardware components with some essential options to create and edit three-dimensional virtual shapes while being on-site.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

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