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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	ecaade2014_133
id	ecaade2014_133
authors	Armando Trento, Antonio Fioravanti and Francesco Rossini
year	2014
title	Health and Safety Design by means of a Systemic Approach - Linking Construction Entities and Activities for Hazard Prevention
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.633
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 633-642
summary	Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe faces many urgent tasks. Among the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC)international scientific societies, only few researches systematically investigate on how to integrate the design solutions with Health and Safety (HS) planning measures, enhancing a collaborative “fusion” of all involved actors in Design and Construction decision making. Process automation cannot be enhanced until design/management tools, such as Building Information Models, can rely only on entities formalised "per se" geometrical items fulfilled by isolated-object specific information. To face complex problems, BIM models should be able to implement and manipulate multiple sets of entities, qualified by clearly established relationships, belonging to organically structured and oriented (sub-) systems. This paper reports on an early stage research project, focused on the identification of operative rules for Health and Safety design. Implementation on the unique case study of Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana functional refurbishment faces two main objectives: one, more pragmatic, is concerned with boostingworkers education about non-standard operative tasks, by means of accurate ad-hoc construction narrative visualisation; another one, more challenging and theoretically complex, consists in modelling "judgment-based" rules, aimed at supporting automated reasoning in Safety Design.
wos	WOS:000361384700063
keywords	Construction hazards prevention through design; project construction management and visualization; health and safety management; risk modelling; knowledge representation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2014_056
id	sigradi2014_056
authors	Barros, Diana Rodriguez; Stella Maris Massa
year	2014
title	Diseño de interfaces y modelos de análisis y evaluación en entornos post-digitales. Casos de aplicación con recursos educativos abiertos y repositorios [Interface design and analysis and evaluation models post-digital environmentsApplication cases with open educational resources and repositories]
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 44-48
summary	We present studies and advances that link two I+D+T projects based in FADU and FI UNMdP, Argentina. These studies, started this year, have the common aim from two complementary visions, enriching an indexed and classified heritage about Open Educational Resources and repositories in postdigital environments and academic areas. This is a collaborative and interdisciplinary work with the purpose of supporting the improvement of presence, semi-presence, and distance educational process, and helping free and equal access to different available educational resources. At this state, in particular, we are interested in contributing to the improvement of REA interface designs and repositories through providing heuristic lists that join later an analysis and evaluation interface model.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ascaad2014_011
id	ascaad2014_011
authors	Hamani, Dalil; Dominique Beautems and Remi Huneau
year	2014
title	Digital Statement and 3D Modeling for the Restitution of the Architectural Heritage: 3D virtual model for architectural restoration
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 149-160
summary	Heritage specialists (architect, historian, conservator, engineer, archaeologist, etc.) often face significant problems of representation and simulation assumptions restitution of monuments. The traditional graphic means cannot fulfill all the needs which are done day in the patrimonial restitution. That is why it is necessary to consider the services that digital technology can do, and think about their use in the representation of monuments in their environment. It can also be used to restore and to preserve heritage using digital statement which allows reconstituting numerically damaged parts or disappeared from historic buildings. The virtual model of restitution constitutes a solution which makes it possible to show the restitution of the site (or part of the site) without materializing it physically, using graphical means. The virtual restitution can be materialized in the form of digital restitution in 3D, but also by the use of drawings or others graphic techniques. In this paper, we present two techniques for digital statement: The Photomodelling and 3D laser scanning, which are used in the field of modeling heritage. Then we present case studies which were carried out within the framework of our teaching activities and research at the School of Architecture of Paris La Villette (ENSAPLV).
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	caadria2014_057
id	caadria2014_057
authors	Nakapan, Walaiporn
year	2014
title	Mobile Learning in a History of Art and Architecture Classroom
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.761
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 761–770
summary	This paper presents a pilot project, using mobile devices in a History of Art and Architecture classroom to enhance instructor-student classroom interactions and student learning. At our Faculty of Architecture this particular class has a usual high failure rate (26% F in 2012). It is a compulsory course for architecture students, some of them are required to take this course twice or more before they can graduate. Traditional learning is lecture-based, and students studying toward their tests are often overloaded with information. In June 2013, Rangsit University initiated a new policy to provide tablets to every freshmen; around 7,200 tablets were distributed campus-wide (Samsung Galaxy Note 10.1 with S-pen). Toward the end of the class, the students were asked to complete a questionnaire in order to find out what they think about mobile learning. Typically, students are quite satisfied, and give positive feedback in their comments. The experience gained from this pilot project will be extended to other classes.
keywords	Design education; Mobile learning; History of Art and Architecture
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2014_018
id	ecaade2014_018
authors	Nils Seifert, Michael Mühlhaus, Gerhard Schubert, Dietrich Fink and Frank Petzold
year	2014
title	Decision support for inner-city development - An interactive customizable environment for decision-making processes in urban planning.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.043
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 43-52
summary	Re-densification of inner-city areas is a highly topical socio-political issue. In order to meet the increasing demand for centrally located living space, the cities have to amend building laws. At present, there are no analytical means of directly comparing and assessing different strategies and measures aimed at identifying the potential for internal development in specific urban quarters and learning about the consequences for the citizens. In this publication, we describe an interactive digital tool that monitors the key building codes and visualizes their effects on the urban structure in real-time, so that this can serve as an informed basis for debate and argumentation in the political decision-making and planning process, consequently supporting the development of re-densification strategies that are well-suited to their urban context.
wos	WOS:000361384700003
keywords	Urban planning; redensification; decision support; visual programming; versioning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2014_167
id	caadria2014_167
authors	Nojimoto, Cynthia; Mayara D. De Souza, João Paulo Soares and Marcelo Tramontano
year	2014
title	Thinking About Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.451
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 451–460
summary	This paper presents the organization of a design process which allows the inclusion of communities in a collaborative way and integrates cultural and social aspects of local context, by considering available material resources and equipment, local practices in architecture and construction, environmental features, and other aspects into the possibilities provided by parametric design and digital fabrication. This paper recognizes that design process is developed from interrelated actions, which can be understood by the concept of complexity from the French philosopher Edgar Morin.
keywords	Complexity; Design process; Parametric design; Digital fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2014_084
id	sigradi2014_084
authors	Rosado, Camila Cardoso Pelá; David Moreno Sperling
year	2014
title	Diagrama: entre projeto e comunicação - o caso BIG [Diagram: between design and communication – the BIG case]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 572-576
summary	This paper presents part of a wider research on interfaces and processes in the production of spatialities in architecture, which focuses on the diagrams as ways of knowledge spatialization. The article is structured in two parts. The first systematizes theoretical aspects and proposes the concept of diagram as topological machine, from which are identified different modes of operation. The second part presents a case study about the diagrams produced by the Danish office BIG (Bjark Ingels Group) to mark one of the inflections of the diagrams in contemporary architecture, directed at communicative pragmatism.
keywords	Diagram; topological machine; design process; communicative pragmatism; BIG
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:59

_id	caadria2014_246
id	caadria2014_246
authors	Senske, Nicholas
year	2014
title	Confronting the Challenges of Computational Design Instruction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.821
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 821–830
summary	Many architects understand that learning to program can be a challenge, but assume that time and practice are the only barriers to performing well enough at it. However, research from computer science education does not support this assumption. Multinational studies of undergraduate computer science programs reveal that a significant number of students in their first and second year of fulltime instruction still have serious misconceptions about how computer programs work and an inability to design programs of their own. If computer science students have trouble learning to think and express themselves computationally, what does this say about architects' chances of learning to program well? Moreover, if common problems have been identified, can architectural educators learn anything from findings in computer science education research? In order to determine if this research is relevant to architecture, the author conducted a pilot study of architecture students consisting of program analysis and conceptual knowledge tests. The study found that student performance was poor in ways similar to those revealed in the computer science education research. Because architects face similar challenges as computer science majors, this suggests that the discipline could benefit from more investment in educational collaborations. In addition, empirical research – from architecture as well as other fields – must play a more substantial role in helping architects learn computational thinking and expression.
keywords	Computational design education; programming; computer science education research; empirical research
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2014_072
id	ecaade2014_072
authors	Serdar Aydin, Tian Tian Lo and Marc Aurel Schnabel
year	2014
title	Gamification of Shape Grammars - Collaborative and Participatory Mass-Housing Design for Kashgar Old Town
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.603
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 603-612
summary	This paper describes the framework of an ongoing research, titled 'quasiGRAMMARS', seeking a participatory mass-housing approach. In the context of the city of Kashgar, China, where the convergence of Islamic-Chinese-Turkic cultures has been shaped within a unique style since the 10th century, mass-housing becomes a 3D puzzle that requires each piece to be placed with full of care, motivation, participation, analysis, strategy, art and finally design. Gamification is about designing collaboration and participation for mass-housing, whereas shape grammars are meant for analysis and design. This game finally turns into a strategic game to be scrutinised further in relation to game theory that is mathematically concerned with the economics too. However, the present study aims at proving a participatory design strategy that incentivises valuable action through gamification techniques. Focusing on its specific design development, it reveals some of these techniques to gamify mass-housing for Kashgar in eight steps. While unveiling gamification term for use in architecture domain, the paper discusses the limitations and future directions of the research.
wos	WOS:000361384700060
keywords	Shape grammars; gamification; mass-housing; participatory decision-making; kashgar
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ascaad2014_016
id	ascaad2014_016
authors	Al-Ratrout, Samer A. and Rana Zureikat
year	2014
title	Pedagogic Approach in the Age of Parametric Architecture: Experimental method for teaching architectural design studio to 3rd year level students
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 211-226
summary	In this era, Architectural Design Practice is faced with a paradigm shift in its conventional approaches towards computational methods. In this regard, it is considered a pedagogic challenge to boost up knowledge and skills of architectural students’ towards an advanced approach of architectural design that emphasizes the potentials and complexity of computational environments and parametric tools for design problem solving. For introducing the concept of Parametric Oriented Design Methods to 3rd year level architectural students, an experimental pedagogic course was designed in the scholastic year of 2012-2013 at German Jordanian University GJU (School of Architecture and Built Environment SABE) to approach this concept. In the preparation phase, the experimental course was designed to incorporate structured instructing and training method to be consecutively performed within experimental lab environment to target predetermined learning outcomes and goals. The involved students were intentionally classified into three levels of previous involvement associated with the related software operating skills and computational design exposure. In the implementation phase, the predetermined instructing and training procedures were performed in the controlled environment according to the planned tasks and time intervals. Preceded tactics were prepared to be executed to resolve various anticipated complication. In this phase also, students’ performance and comprehension capacity were observed and recorded. In data analysis phase, the observed results were verified and correlations were recognized. In the final phase, conclusions were established and recommendations for further related pedagogic experiments were introduced.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	ecaade2014_123
id	ecaade2014_123
authors	Di Li, Michael Knight and Andre Brown
year	2014
title	Digital fabrication as a tool for investigating traditional Chinese architecture - A case study of the dou gong
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.623
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 623-632
summary	This paper presents part of a broader research project in which a set of complementary computational techniques have been applied to investigate and interpret traditional Chinese architecture. The techniques involve digital modelling, algorithmic representation and digital fabrication. The ancient rule books that describe the traditional Chinese design styles and construction technologies are the basis for the parametric rules and algorithms and the application to the modelling and fabrication process. The focus of this paper is the study of a typical Chinese joint structure, the dou gong. The precedent case study and the components of the dou gong are reviewed and analysed. Then the digital representation and fabrication processes that have been employed are demonstrated. Practical problems were found in this process and modifications were consequently made. At the end of the paper, we discuss the achievements and benefits that arise from this investigation, and potential applications in practice. Conclusions from work presented in this paper and for the broader research are drawn respectively. Significant prospective work is suggested.
wos	WOS:000361384700062
keywords	Dou gong; ying zao fa shi; digital fabrication; traditional chinese architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ecaade2014_233
id	ecaade2014_233
authors	Evangelos Pantazis and David Gerber
year	2014
title	Material Swarm Articulations - New View Reciprocal Frame Canopy
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.463
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 463-473
summary	Material Swarm Articulations, is an experiment in developing a multi-objective optimization system that incorporates bottom up approaches for informing architectural design. The paper presents an initial built project that demonstrates the combination of a structural form finding method, with an agent based design system through the digital fabrication processes. The objective of this research is to develop a workflow combined with material and construction constraints that has the potential to increase performance objectives while enabling geometric complexity and design driven articulation of a traditional tectonic system. The emphasis of the research at this stage is to take advantage of material properties and assembly methods applied to a digital design and simulation workflow that enables emergent patterns to influence the performance of the space.The paper illustrates the research through a prototype of a self standing canopy structure in 1:1 scale. It presents results of the form finding, generative patterning, digital fabrication affordances and sets and agenda for next steps in the use of multi-agent systems for design purposes.
wos	WOS:000361384700046
keywords	Computational design; agent-based system; digital fabrication; parametric design; reciprocal frames; form finding; multi-objective optimization, multi-agent systems for design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2014_258
id	caadria2014_258
authors	Polancic, Allyn E.
year	2014
title	Oblique-Atory
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.033
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 33–42
summary	Typical horizontal building types, open spaces, and human activities have yet to competently overcome or adapt to the constraints of vertically-oriented dense urban environments. Designing the built environment to the oblique, or more than two axes at once, is a required strategy for the future of city planning, the advancement of body-space interaction in architecture, and to reinforce the interconnectedness of the natural environment with human activities. With the development and increasing use of 3D modeling software, parametric and generative design processes, and the progressive investigation of complex geometry, it is likely that the oblique will be envisioned more and more as a functional architectural device. This research investigates the tessellation of minimal surface geometry to achieve a folded, multi-use surface capable of connecting disparate urban program and which can enable a city to offer amenities that are typically available in horizontally-oriented suburbs. The geometric family of the helicoid is found as the optimal formal generator because of its ability to create a continuous surface while allowing for both horizontal and vertical circulation.
keywords	Oblique; helicoid; tessellation; surface; urban
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	sigradi2014_238
id	sigradi2014_238
authors	Saez, Nicolas; Mauro Chiarella, Luciana Gronda, Rodrigo Garcia Alvarado, Luis Garcia Lara, Matias Dalla Costa, Martin Veizaga
year	2014
title	BANCAPAR. Objeto Paramétrico de Arte Público con Diseño Colaborativo y manufactura no industrializada [Parametric Object public art through collaborative design and manufacturing non-industrialized]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 527-531
summary	BANCAPAR (winner project “Regional Fondart 2013”) is a bench parametrically designed and conceived as an object of public art. It has been initiated from self-management and collaborative design in the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Bío-Bío, Concepcion, Chile. Interdisciplinary work between students and teachers from two Latin American universities, makes this a unique project of technological art in the region. Experience suggests questions at all three levels of the hermeneutic cycle: prefiguration; configuration and reconfiguration when compared to traditional ways of doing and thinking in art and design.
keywords	Parametric design; collaborative design; public art; hermeneutics
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:59

_id	ecaade2014_001
id	ecaade2014_001
authors	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.)
year	2014
title	Fusion, Volume 2
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1
source	Proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Education and research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, 632 p.
summary	This is the second volume of the conference proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe conference, held from 10-12 September 2013 at the Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. Both volumes together contain 130 papers that were submitted and accepted to this conference. The theme of the 32nd eCAADe conference is Fusion- data integration at its best. All quests for data integration in architecture and the construction industry lead ultimately to FUSION, a synthesis of knowledge that transcends mere combination. FUSION is the dream of a knowledge system that will enable multiple sets of data, in manifold formats, to be presented in a unified view. This conference is exploring the possibilities for advanced levels of data integration in the service of the representation and management of the natural environment, and the design, visualisation and making of the built environment. These proceedings are presenting the contributions which explore the elusive goal of FUSION in architecture and related fields. The second volume of the proceedings contains 65 papers grouped under nine sub-themes (Generative Design- Parametric Modelling, Material, Collaboration and Participation, VR, Spatial Analysis, Shape, Form and Geometry 2, BIM, Design Tool 2 and Smart and Responsive Design).
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	sigradi2014_103
id	sigradi2014_103
authors	Tramontano, Marcelo; Cynthia Nojimoto, Klaudia Perdigão
year	2014
title	TrapiXe: o local como parâmetro [TrapiXe: the site as a parameter]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 502-504
summary	From the experience of the workshop TrapiXe, this article focuses on three aspects of the design of architectural objects with complex geometric shapes, making use of parametric computational programs. The first two relate 1. the establishment of relations between the architectural object and aspects of local culture; and 2 the use of information extracted from the area of intervention itself, transformed into parameters to be inserted in computer programming. The third aspect is the possibility of serial reproduction of non-identical building components, relating parametric design with digital fabrication procedures aiming at the construction of buildings composing a public equipments network at different locations in the same city.
keywords	Parametric design; Complex geometries; Social parameters; Local cultures; Contemporary architecture
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:01

_id	sigradi2013_274
id	sigradi2013_274
authors	Velasco, Rodrigo; Julián Viasus; Fabián Tocancipá
year	2013
title	Customizable Volumetric High Performance Brise-Soleil System Based on the Use of Planar Faces
source	SIGraDi 2013 [Proceedings of the 17th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-956-7051-86-1] Chile - Valparaíso 20 - 22 November 2013, pp. 328 - 332
summary	This paper presents a proposal for a cellular brise-soleil system appropriate for tropical humid climates. The system controls thermal gains whilst allowing for specific lighting requirements, permitting, in many cases, interior thermal and light comfort conditions without the use of thermal machines or artificial lighting. The development of the system involved a definition of variable design parameters and areas of performance evaluation and optimization, plus construction detailing development represented by a first project to be completed in 2014. Even if the geometrical definitions, optimization processes and production machinery are relatively simple and not particularly new to anyone in the field, it is claimed that the use of such already widely available technologies at this basic level, when solving relevant problems, has still to be used in generalised ways by common designers, and with the example shown, this paper wishes to promote such prospect.
keywords	Solar shadings; Environmental simulations; Parametric models; Performance in architecture
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

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