CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 109

_id sigradi2014_021
id sigradi2014_021
authors Araujo, André L.; Wilson Barbosa Neto, Gabriela Celani
year 2014
title Treliças espaciais metálicas: combinação de parâmetros formais e materiais nos estágios iniciais do processo de projeto [Spatial steel trusses: Integrating structural pre-dimensioning requirements in the early stages of the parametric design]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 355-359
summary The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the topics most discussed in the complex shapes design. While some design tools allow the designer to begin with an inefficient form and then turn it into a more efficient one, other tools allow exploring and creating structural forms considering both formal and structural aspects from the beginning. This paper presents a parametric design approach to create spatial steel trusses with the combination of two strategies: (1) shell surface to set out structural elements; (2) cross section properties to ensure structural stability aspects. In this paper we discuss how the combination of these strategies can contribute to the use of parametric design techniques in the early stages of the design process, taking into account both structural optimization and production aspects.
keywords Structural design; Spatial Structures; Tubular trusses; Parametric Design; Dimensioning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2014_120
id caadria2014_120
authors Hack, Norman; Willi Viktor Lauer, Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler
year 2014
title Mesh Mould: Differentiation for Enhanced Performance
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 139–148
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.139
summary Mesh-Mould is a novel robotic fabrication system for complex, non-standard concrete structures. The system folds together formwork and reinforcement, the two most labour intensive aspects of concrete constructions and offers an alternative approach to the current modes of prefabrication by suggesting an in-situ fabrication process (Figure 1). The paper outlines the development of the Form-work/Reinforcing Meshes through several iterations of physical and digital tests. Initially starting from simple triangulated 3D lattices, the structures evolved to become more complex and differentiated. The incorporating of flow enhancing ducts and surface perimeters with diverse surface aperture densities facilitates an optimal concrete flow and material distribution within the mesh.
keywords Robotic fabrication; concrete formwork; differentiation; spatial extrusion
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2014_254
id caadria2014_254
authors Tuker, Cetin and Halil Erhan
year 2014
title An Architectural Modeling Method for Game Environments and Visualization
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 605–614
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.605
summary Modeling 3D architectural environments for games and design visualization is different than modelling for other purposes, such as for construction. These models include only the outer surfaces as ‘skin’ structures of the facades for rendering for which existing tools are too complex. After interviewing fourteen domain experts and evaluating available modelling tools, we observed a need for new modelling methods for rapid visualizations that leaves redundant model parts out for efficiency. We have developed a surface modelling method and a formalism for modelling architectural environments by slicing a building into layers with strips of façade element sequences. In the first prototype, we focused on parametric structures using userdefined architectonic vocabulary such as voids and solids. We conducted an expert review study with four participants: two user-experience and two domain experts. All participants responded that the method is easy to learn even for non-experts. Based on the tasks completed, they agreed that the method can speed the process of modelling large continuous façades, single-mass single-storey geometries, and repetitive floor layers; they also made suggestions for improvement. The results from the initial evaluation show that the method presented has some merits to be used in practice.
keywords 3D modelling; facade reconstruction; game; visualization
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id acadia21_530
id acadia21_530
authors Adel, Arash; Augustynowicz, Edyta; Wehrle, Thomas
year 2021
title Robotic Timber Construction
source ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by S. Parascho, J. Scott, and K. Dörfler. 530-537.
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.530
summary Several research projects (Gramazio et al. 2014; Willmann et al. 2015; Helm et al. 2017; Adel et al. 2018; Adel Ahmadian 2020) have investigated the use of automated assembly technologies (e.g., industrial robotic arms) for the fabrication of nonstandard timber structures. Building on these projects, we present a novel and transferable process for the robotic fabrication of bespoke timber subassemblies made of off-the-shelf standard timber elements. A nonstandard timber structure (Figure 2), consisting of four bespoke subassemblies: three vertical supports and a Zollinger (Allen 1999) roof structure, acts as the case study for the research and validates the feasibility of the proposed process.
series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2023/10/22 12:06

_id ecaade2014_060
id ecaade2014_060
authors Koki Akiyoshi and Hiroya Tanaka
year 2014
title Local-reconfigurable Freeform surface with plywood - From the perspective of Japanese Tsugite-Shiguchi
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 527-535
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.527
wos WOS:000361384700052
summary This research exhibits a novel construction method for Freeform surfaces with plywood, without using metal joints and bending. By introducing the perspective of Japanese Tsugite-Shiguchi, the research aims for a drastic change from node-oriented thinking to module-oriented thinking. This paper focuses on the investigation of how to simplify fabrication processes, how to realize the environmental capabilities of Freeform wood structures, and how to provide redundancy and stability to the whole architectural system. In order to challenge these problems, we examined three discretion methods. As a result, we have been successful to produce a double-layered surface, filled with triangular mesh, implemented only by cutting one sheet of plywood. Moreover, the system has also acquired a new nature: local-reconfigurability, wherein it can react and adapt to fit local parameters and requirements.
keywords Digital fabrication; freeform timber; without metal and bending; discrete surface; minimal components for mega-assembly
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id acadia14_375
id acadia14_375
authors Maxwell, Iain; Pigram, David; Egholm-Pedersen, Ole
year 2014
title Fabrication Aware Form-Finding: A Combined Quasi-Reciprocal Timber and Discontinious Post-tensioned Concrete Structure
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 375-383
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.375
summary This paper describes innovations in fabrication-aware form-finding applied to two novel construction methods: one for quasi-reciprocal timber frames, the other for post-tensioned precast concrete structures. A pavilion which applies all innovations serves as a case study.
keywords Fabrication-aware form-finding, precast concrete, reciprocal frame, multi-axis timber construction, material logics and tectonics, digital fabrication
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia14_189
id acadia14_189
authors Robeller, Christopher; Mayencourt, Paul; Weinand, Yves
year 2014
title Snap-fit Joints: CNC fabricated, integrated mechanical attachment for structural wood panels
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 189-198
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.189
summary Snap-fit joints are new to the building sector, but commonly used in other domains. This paper presents an adaptation of such connectors for the edgewise jointing of timber panels.
keywords Snap-fit Joints, Tab-and-slot Joints, Design for Assembly, Structural Wood Panels, Folded Plate Structures, CNC Fabrication, Digital fabrication and construction
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia14_177
id acadia14_177
authors Schwinn, Tobias; Krieg, Oliver David; Menges, Achim
year 2014
title Behavioral Strategies: Synthesizing design computation and robotic fabrication of lightweight timber plate structures
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 177-188
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.177
summary The paper presents the research and development related to the “Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall”, a built case study for a light-weight timber plate structure consisting of beech plywood plates. The paper describes the integrative design and robotic fabrication methods with a particular focus on the behavioral design approach.
keywords agent-based modeling, light-weight construction, optimization, robotic fabrication, tangent plane intersection, timber plate structure
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia14projects_39
id acadia14projects_39
authors Stojanovic, Djordje
year 2014
title Soft to Hard Canopy: Making large-span tridimensional structures from short timber elements
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 39-42
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.039
summary This poster presents work in progress. The first panel shows perspective rendering of the tridimensional timber structure while the second panel shows drawings, model photos and demonstrates the use of Spider custom developed software extension for Rhino Platform.
keywords Craft in a Digital Age, elastic material behavior, structural optimization, tridimensional timber structure, full-scale models, Spider for Rhino
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ijac201412407
id ijac201412407
authors Abdelmohsen, Sherif M.
year 2014
title An Inquiry into Designing in Context using Generative Systems
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 4, 477-494
summary The use of generative systems has been widely investigated in the architectural design process through different procedures and levels of autonomy to generate form.The digression from abstract pre- existing notions of vocabulary and rules – even when resulting in emergent forms – to address complex real- world contexts is yet a challenging undertaking.This paper explores incorporating context in the process of designing using generative systems from ideation to fabrication, and explores the relationship between the emergent nature of generative design and the situated act of designing while using generative design tools.A course offered for 3rd year architecture students at the Department of Architecture, Ain Shams University, Egypt, was designed for this purpose. 110 students employed systems including shape grammars, L- systems, fractals and cellular automata, to design and fabricate 8 group projects.A discussion around emergence and situatedness is presented, with special attention to the designing process from ideation to fabrication.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id ascaad2014_007
id ascaad2014_007
authors Al-Rawi, Osama
year 2014
title Evolutionary Algorithms in Islamic Architecture
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 99-107
summary The cosmological nature of Islamic architecture makes it a useful case study for the capability of the adaptation, assimilation and accommodation with the development of evolutionary algorithms and their applications in architectural design. Genetic algorithm derives its structure from the observation of nature. We shall review the concept of intelligent agents and their organization into complex adaptive systems as well as genetic-type algorithms for learning and evolution. Since algorithmic art consists of generation of images on the basis of algorithms, algorithms can be viewed as a notation, and notation is something that music has but visual artefacts in general miss. This paper aims to discover the role of evolutionary algorithms in historical Islamic architecture. Also, we shall try to investigate the way in which the future development could occur not only through the discovery of new facts or theories, but also through the rise and dissemination of new visions having different explanation of Islamic architecture that considers it as a result of serious application of formation through evolutionary genetic algorithms.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id sigradi2014_271
id sigradi2014_271
authors Alvarez, Marcelo Paysse
year 2014
title Relevamiento con drones; el caso Real de San Carlos [Drone mapping; case study: Real de San Carlos]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 649-652
summary Cultural landscapes, although complex realities, give shape and meaning to the tangible and intangible components which form the foundations of human cultural background. The architecture of the city of Colonia del Sacramento fits within this context, and builds up a unique cultural landscape inserted in the logic of the historical heritage protection system. This concept, which implies wealth but also conflicts, demands a multidisciplinary approach grounded on a wide vision of this issue. Likewise, this comprehensive approach contributes to reverse and correct the lack of capacity and/or interest to save these examples of man-made landscape (prefabrication, mega-projects of the beginnings of the 20th Century, etc.), which are essential pieces of heritage conservation. Since 1943 the bullring is owned by the Municipality of Colonia. In the last decade the building was fenced to prevent breakdown risk. Still, illegal access occurs quite easily, increasing the risk and potential damage, in addition to the spoilage caused by more than one hundred years of inactivity and lack of maintenance. This paper proposes a method to survey and record the current status of the building, from photos taken by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV, drones), allowing the registry without the need of direct access to the site. The survey will enable three types of results: series of mapped photographs, 3D models and an interactive platform for aerial view. The aim is to provide valuable and essential documentation for next stages of consolidation works, competitions and eventualy, new uses of the heritage building.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2014_162
id ecaade2014_162
authors Andrzej Zarzycki
year 2014
title Teaching and Designing for Augmented Reality
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 357-364
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.357
wos WOS:000361384700035
summary This paper discusses ways emerging interactive technologies are adopted by designers and extended into areas of design, education, entertainment, and commerce. It looks, in detail, at various project development stages and methodologies used to engage design focused students into, often complex, technological issues. The discussion is contextualized through a number of case studies of mobile and marker-based augmented reality (AR) applications developed by students. These applications include an app for a fashion based social event that allows participants to preview recent collection additions, an info-navigational app for the High Line elevated urban park in New York City, a marker-based maze game, and an interior decorating interface to visualize various furnishing scenarios. While a number of case studies will be discussed from a developer perspective, the primary focus is on the concept and content development, interface design, and user participation.
keywords Augmented reality; ar; gamification; mobile culture
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2014_133
id ecaade2014_133
authors Armando Trento, Antonio Fioravanti and Francesco Rossini
year 2014
title Health and Safety Design by means of a Systemic Approach - Linking Construction Entities and Activities for Hazard Prevention
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 633-642
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.633
wos WOS:000361384700063
summary Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe faces many urgent tasks. Among the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC)international scientific societies, only few researches systematically investigate on how to integrate the design solutions with Health and Safety (HS) planning measures, enhancing a collaborative “fusion” of all involved actors in Design and Construction decision making. Process automation cannot be enhanced until design/management tools, such as Building Information Models, can rely only on entities formalised "per se" geometrical items fulfilled by isolated-object specific information. To face complex problems, BIM models should be able to implement and manipulate multiple sets of entities, qualified by clearly established relationships, belonging to organically structured and oriented (sub-) systems. This paper reports on an early stage research project, focused on the identification of operative rules for Health and Safety design. Implementation on the unique case study of Palazzo della Civiltà Italiana functional refurbishment faces two main objectives: one, more pragmatic, is concerned with boostingworkers education about non-standard operative tasks, by means of accurate ad-hoc construction narrative visualisation; another one, more challenging and theoretically complex, consists in modelling "judgment-based" rules, aimed at supporting automated reasoning in Safety Design.
keywords Construction hazards prevention through design; project construction management and visualization; health and safety management; risk modelling; knowledge representation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2014_057
id sigradi2014_057
authors Barros, Diana Rodriguez; María Mandagarán
year 2014
title Pensamiento de diseño y construcción de narrativas visuales. Caso de prácticas didácticas disruptivas en entornos postdigitales [Design thinking and construction of visual narratives. Case teaching practices in disruptive postdigitals environments]
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 195-199
summary Design Thinking recognizes processes linked to empathy, creation, prototyping and storytelling, that condition design methodologies to solve complex problems with user participation. From this perspective, next to disruptive practices, we present learning experiences focus in management, design and production of graphic databases in Web 2.0 and 3.0 contexts. They are linked to photomontages and graphic communication pieces of urban-architectural works and narratives that give meaning and entity to those interventions. We recorded results that value spatial thinking with images. Also the presence of traditional skills with hybrid skills in students, that encourage fluency, creativity and innovation, self-learning, experimentation, teamwork and network integration.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id sigradi2014_342
id sigradi2014_342
authors Bermudez, Jane Jacqueline Espina
year 2014
title Hábitat lagunar, territorio de la complejidad: creación ancestral, diseño y construcción, una aproximación desde la cultura y cosmogonía añú [Lagoon habitat, territory of complexity ancestral creation, design and construction, an approach from the culture and cosmology añú]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 540-543
summary The añú community lives in Laguna Sinamaica territory of complexity building their habitat in wooden stilts houses, based on culture and añú cosmogony. A rural-urban intervention is done without understanding the conceptualization and development. This paper presents a methodology for analyzing the lagoon habitat, premises in the creative process, design and construction for future interventions, and a reflection on the use of criteria for urban and architectural design in modern water villages. This work is part of research “Peoples Water in Lake of Maracaibo Basin: History and Habitat”.
keywords lagoon habitat; añú culture; complex view; transversal look; territory of complexity
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2021_089
id caadria2021_089
authors Cristie, Verina, Ibrahim, Nazim and Joyce, Sam Conrad
year 2021
title Capturing and Evaluating Parametric Design Exploration in a Collaborative Environment - A study case of versioning for parametric design
source A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 131-140
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.131
summary Although parametric modelling and digital design tools have become ubiquitous in digital design, there is a limited understanding of how designers apply them in their design processes (Yu et al., 2014). This paper looks at the use of GHShot versioning tool developed by the authors (Cristie & Joyce, 2018; 2019) used to capture and track changes and progression of parametric models to understand early-stage design exploration and collaboration empirically. We introduce both development history graph-based metrics (macro-process) and parametric model and geometry change metric (micro-process) as frameworks to explore and understand the captured progression data. These metrics, applied to data collected from three cohorts of classroom collaborative design exercises, exhibited students' distinct modification patterns such as major and complex creation processes or minor parameter explorations. Finally, with the metrics' applicability as an objective language to describe the (collaborative) design process, we recommend using versioning for more data-driven insight into parametric design exploration processes.
keywords Design exploration; parametric design; history recording; version control; collaborative design
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia14_237
id acadia14_237
authors Cupkova, Dana; Azel, Nicolas
year 2014
title MASS REGIMES: Geometrically Actuated Thermal Flows
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 237-246
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.237
summary Mass Regimes project investigates the effect of complex geometry on the process of passive heat distribution in thermal mass systems, with the intention of instrumentalizing design principles that effectively engage a greater thermal gradient between buildings and their environment. The focus is on a deeper understanding of how specific morphological manipulation of mass distribution to surface area affects the rate of thermal transfer.
keywords Performance in Design
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaadesigradi2019_334
id ecaadesigradi2019_334
authors Dembski, Fabian, Wössner, Uwe and Letzgus, Mike
year 2019
title The Digital Twin - Tackling Urban Challenges with Models, Spatial Analysis and Numerical Simulations in Immersive Virtual Environments.
source Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 795-804
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.795
summary For the built environment's transformation we are confronted with complex dynamics connected to economic, ecologic and demographic change (Czerkauer-Yamu et al., 2013; Yamu, 2014). In general, cities are complex systems being a "heterogeneous mosaic" of a variety of cultures and functions, characterised by diverging perceptions and interests (ibid). The juxtaposed perceptions and interests in relation to ongoing spatial processes of change create a particularly complex situation. Thus, for planning processes we are in need of approaches that are able to cope not only with the urban complexity but also allow for participatory processes to empower citizens. This paper presents the approach of using Digital Twins in virtual reality (VR) for civic engagement in urban planning, enriched with quantitative and qualitative empirical data as one promising approach to tackle not only the complexity of cities but also involve citizens in the planning process.
keywords Digital Twin; Collaborative Planning; Planning and Decision Support; Participation; Virtual Reality; Global System Science
series eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id cf2015_099
id cf2015_099
authors Dickinson, Susannah
year 2015
title Hybrid Connections: Computational Mapping Methodologies for Mexico City
source The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 99-111.
summary The digital age is facilitating an ever increasing trend of globalized language and culture. Environmental issues are no longer a static concept as climate change and population growth force concepts of adaptability. What does this mean for the academy? How do we educate students to contemplate future urban scenarios and make some organization out of this more dynamic, complex future? The following paper seeks to disseminate a spring 2014 design studio at The University of Arizona where these issues were addressed, with Mexico City as a test bed. Computation has become a vital tool in the organizational process of these complex issues and big data. Various digital tools and platforms were explored in the studio to determine which ones would be most useful in modeling, mapping, designing and processing some of the complex relationships that are present in urban environments today.
keywords digital methodologies, urban design, complexity, hybridized networks, adaptability
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2015/06/29 07:55

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