CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

PDF papers
References

Hits 1 to 20 of 663

_id ecaade2014_233
id ecaade2014_233
authors Evangelos Pantazis and David Gerber
year 2014
title Material Swarm Articulations - New View Reciprocal Frame Canopy
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.463
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 463-473
summary Material Swarm Articulations, is an experiment in developing a multi-objective optimization system that incorporates bottom up approaches for informing architectural design. The paper presents an initial built project that demonstrates the combination of a structural form finding method, with an agent based design system through the digital fabrication processes. The objective of this research is to develop a workflow combined with material and construction constraints that has the potential to increase performance objectives while enabling geometric complexity and design driven articulation of a traditional tectonic system. The emphasis of the research at this stage is to take advantage of material properties and assembly methods applied to a digital design and simulation workflow that enables emergent patterns to influence the performance of the space.The paper illustrates the research through a prototype of a self standing canopy structure in 1:1 scale. It presents results of the form finding, generative patterning, digital fabrication affordances and sets and agenda for next steps in the use of multi-agent systems for design purposes.
wos WOS:000361384700046
keywords Computational design; agent-based system; digital fabrication; parametric design; reciprocal frames; form finding; multi-objective optimization, multi-agent systems for design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ijac201412306
id ijac201412306
authors Khodadadi, Anahita; Peter von Buelow
year 2014
title Performance Based Exploration Of Generative Design Solutions Using Formex Algebra
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 3, 321-338
summary This paper illustrates the use of a computational form-finding method called ParaGen which aids the designer in the exploration of arrays of good solutions. Although the method is guided by a multi-objective optimization program, the goal is to promote the exploration of the solution space based on designer selected combinations of performance objectives. The digital form generation of the bridges is carried out using Formian, a program which uses Formex algebra to describe a wide array of geometric configurations. This form generation is linked to structural simulation and design software (STAAD. Pro) to determine performance values. Finally, ParaGen is used to build a database of all solutions and guide the exploration based on performance values. Using this database, both visual and numeric characteristics are explored.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id acadia14projects_119
id acadia14projects_119
authors Yogiaman, Christine; Tracy, Kenneth
year 2014
title Resonant Surface 01
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.119
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 119-122
summary Resonant Surface 01 is an opportunistic and contextual sound installation which augments sound through the use of resonant wood horns allowing a speaker or singer to project their voice. Inspired by the loudspeakers in most modern minarets the installation borrows from the geometric and decorative context of Islamic architecture in the UAE.
keywords Vegetal Islamic pattern;Acoustics;Performance Design;Islamic Geometry;Parametric Design;Digital Fabrication;(Category) Practice-based and interdisciplinary computational design research
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ecaade2014_217
id ecaade2014_217
authors Birgul Colakoglu
year 2014
title New Approaches in Architecture Education - Conclusion
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.305
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 305-312
summary The explosion of computationally-oriented content into architectural design and making has generated curricular changes in architectural education. This paper describes an educational model developed following this changes. One of the important goals of the educational model explained in this paper is to introduce the knowledge of geometric assembly/disassembly planning to the field of architecture encouraging students of architecture to integrate this knowledge into the design process.
wos WOS:000361384700030
keywords Computational design, ; design for disassembly
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia14_637
id acadia14_637
authors Boone, Elizabeth
year 2014
title Vacuum Insulated Tubes
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.637
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 637-646
summary Multi disciplinary research on thermally broken vacuum insulated tubes as a high performance building enclosure.
keywords Material Logics and Tectonics, Multidisciplinary Design Optimization, Computational design analysis, Practice-based and interdisciplinary computational design research, Works in Progress, Computational design research and education
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia14_661
id acadia14_661
authors Corazza, Marco; Doshi, Viral; Korner, Axel; Tabassun, Mehnaj
year 2014
title Fiber Composite Fabrication: Experimental Methods of Architectural Applications
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.661
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 661-670
summary Due to availability and the production costs of current fabrication methods, fiber reinforced composites are used primarily in specialized fields with limited applications in architecture. The aim of the research is to present an exploration in low-tech fabrication techniques in conjunction with geometrical optimization of a large-scale typology within extreme environmental conditions.
keywords fiber composites, digital fabrication, material computation, computational fluid dynamics, shell structures, structural optimization
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id cdrf2023_526
id cdrf2023_526
authors Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year 2023
title Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series cdrf
email
last changed 2024/05/29 14:04

_id sigradi2014_123
id sigradi2014_123
authors Hu, Yongheng; Qinying Li
year 2014
title Study on an Architect-Oriented approach of Structural Performance-based Design
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 111-114
summary For most architects, it is not easy to transform their free form of designs into constructable building without precise knowledge structural design and more often the architect need ask structural engineer for consultation. Yet the structural performance of building itself provides possibility for the architect to explore a new form-finding procedure and An approach is introduced in this article and it could be adopted by architects concerning the works of predicting the structural performance in the early design stage. The approach has been developed throughout the architecture history and recently it turns into a computational methodology for architectural design. This article analysis the structural performance design history in architect’s view, compares and explain the current Structural performance-based design methodology and evaluate its value for architecture design.
keywords Performance-Based Design; Structural Optimization; Form-Finding; Computational Design; Tectonic Innovation
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id caadria2014_173
id caadria2014_173
authors Lim, Jason; Ammar Mirjan, Fabio Gramazio and Matthias Kohler
year 2014
title Robotic Metal Aggregations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.159
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 159–168
summary The recent convergence of computational design and digital fabrication has made new forms of architectural materialization possible. A workshop conducted at the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology investigated how differentiated lightweight metal structures may be designed and fabricated under these new conditions. The workshop aim was to complete three such structures; each one is aggregated from aluminum profiles that are robotically assembled according to computationally driven geometric logics. The key challenge was to enable participants, assumed to lack programming and robotic fabrication experience, to design and construct their structures within imposed time constraints. This paper describes the subsequent development of accessible computational design tools and a robust robotic fabrication method for the workshop, and highlights the key decisions taken with their implementation. The workshop results are discussed and the design tools evaluated with respect to them. The paper concludes by recommending an approach to developing computational design tools which emphasizes the importance of usability and integration with the fabrication process.
keywords Robotic fabrication; computational design; visual programming; lightweight structures
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ascaad2014_015
id ascaad2014_015
authors Mueller, Volker
year 2014
title Second Generation Prototype of a Design Performance Optimization Framework
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 199-209
summary The integration of performance evaluation into the building design process becomes increasingly important in order to respond to demands on contemporary design with respect to the future of our built and natural environments. This paper presents work on the second iteration of an implementation of a design performance optimization framework that attempts to respond to the challenges of integrating analysis and optimization into the design process. Main challenges addressed are speed of feedback through implementation on the cloud, utilizing parallelization of computations and availability of results in the computational context of the model through leveraging the parametric nature of the application; The goal is to enable designers in their decision-making throughout the design process with focus on earlier phases of the design process during which changes can be implemented faster and at much lower costs than in later phases of design or even during construction and occupation.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id ecaade2014_019
id ecaade2014_019
authors Reinhard Koenig, Matthias Standfest and Gerhard Schmitt
year 2014
title Evolutionary multi-criteria optimization for building layout planning - Exemplary application based on the PSSA framework
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.567
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 567-574
summary When working on urban planning projects there are usually multiple aspects to consider. Often these aspects are contradictory and it is not possible to choose one over the other; instead, they each need to be fulfilled as well as possible. Planners typically draw on past experience when subjectively prioritising which aspects to consider with which degree of importance for their planning concepts. This practice, although understandable, places power and authority in the hands of people who have varying degrees of expertise, which means that the best possible solution is not always found, because it is either not sought or the problem is regarded as being too complex for human capabilities. To improve this situation, the project presented here shows the potential of multi-criteria optimisation algorithms using the example of a new housing layout for an urban block. In addition it is shown, how Self-Organizing-Maps can be used to visualise multi-dimensional solution spaces in an easy analysable and comprehensible form.
wos WOS:000361385100059
keywords Planning synthesis; evolutionary algorithms; multi-criteria optimization; isovist; computational design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id acadia14_655
id acadia14_655
authors Su, Zhouzhou; Yan, Wei
year 2014
title Improving Genetic Algorithm for Design Optimization Using Architectural Domain Knowledge
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.655
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp.655-660
summary The paper presents an improved genetic algorithm (GA) for architectural design optimization problems with offline simulation method utilizing specific domain knowledge in architecture. The method is evaluated by a case study of a nursing unit design, for which the objectives are to minimize nurses’ travel distance and maximize daylighting performance in patient rooms.
keywords design optimization, building simulation, genetic algorithm, offline simulation, computational complexity, walking distance
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2014_103
id sigradi2014_103
authors Tramontano, Marcelo; Cynthia Nojimoto, Klaudia Perdigão
year 2014
title TrapiXe: o local como parâmetro [TrapiXe: the site as a parameter]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 502-504
summary From the experience of the workshop TrapiXe, this article focuses on three aspects of the design of architectural objects with complex geometric shapes, making use of parametric computational programs. The first two relate 1. the establishment of relations between the architectural object and aspects of local culture; and 2 the use of information extracted from the area of intervention itself, transformed into parameters to be inserted in computer programming. The third aspect is the possibility of serial reproduction of non-identical building components, relating parametric design with digital fabrication procedures aiming at the construction of buildings composing a public equipments network at different locations in the same city.
keywords Parametric design; Complex geometries; Social parameters; Local cultures; Contemporary architecture
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:01

_id acadia14_609
id acadia14_609
authors Vierlinger, Robert, Bollinger, Klaus
year 2014
title Acommodating Change in Parametric Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.609
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 609-618
summary This work presents a set of tools and methods to lever the flexibility and openness of contemporary parametric design environments as well as modern computational power, to ultimately push the quality of the artifact but also the design process itself.
keywords generative, parametric and evolutionary design; multi-objective search; custom optimization; parallel computing; open representation; karamba; octopus
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id caadria2014_043
id caadria2014_043
authors Yasufuku, Kensuke
year 2014
title Computational Analysis of Architectural Visual Space Along Walking Path by Using Virtual Reality Display
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.709
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 709–718
summary This study evaluated architectural space quantitatively based on ambulatory vision. In this paper, we propose a computational analysis method of a visual space along a walking path by using a virtual reality display. A display image of our system is shown from the first-person perspective. We consider the perspective to be the visual field of the users. To convert the perspective into a visual field, we take advantage of depth buffer data, which can specify how far a pixel of an object is on the perspective. To analyse a visual space by a sequence of visual field, we quantify the geometric characteristics based on isovist theory. A virtual reality display, which employs a wide range view angle and a head-tracking system, also enables us to analyse the relation between the visual field and head motion.
keywords Computational analysis; visual space; walk-through; virtual reality; isovist
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id caadria2014_279
id caadria2014_279
authors Austern, Guy; Soungmin Yu, Mara Moral and Theerapat Jirathiyut
year 2014
title The Urban Genome
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.263
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 263–272
summary The influence of urban morphology on the energy consumption of a fabric has been recently established by research into the energy use of existing cities. This paper suggests a framework for generating environmentally adapted urban tissue by using genetic algorithms as form-finding processes. A series of multi-objective optimization algorithms are described. The geometric abstractions used as a basis for these algorithms are illustrated in detail, and the results and implications of these types of simulations are discussed. The methodology developed within this paper was tested on one km2 site in three cities of varying climates, and further expanded into a detailed case study within one city.
keywords Urban simulation; Environmental design; Optimization; Genetic Algorithms; Urban Morphology
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ascaad2014_004
id ascaad2014_004
authors Afsari, Kereshmeh; Matthew E. Swarts and T. Russell Gentry
year 2014
title Integrated Generative Technique for Interactive Design of Brickworks
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 49-64
summary Bricks have been used in the construction industry as a building medium for millennia. Distinct patterns of bricks depict the unique aesthetic intentions found in Roman, Gothic and Islamic architecture. In contemporary practice, the use of digital tools in design has enabled methodologies for creating new forms in architecture. CAD and BIM systems provide new opportunities for designers to create parametric objects for building form generation. In masonry design, there exists an inherent contradiction between traditional patterns in brick design, which are formal and prescribed, and the potential for new patterns generated using design scripting. In addition, current tools do not provide interactive techniques for the design of brickwork patterns that can manage constant changes parametrically, to inform and influence design process, by providing design feedback on the constructive and structural aspects of the proposed brick pattern and geometry. This research looks into the parametric techniques that can be applied to create different kinds of patterns on brick walls. It discusses a methodology for an interactive brickwork design within generative techniques. By integrating data between two computational platforms – the first based on image analysis and the second on parametric modeling, we demonstrate a methodology and application that can generate interactive arbitrary patterns and map it to the brick wall in real-time.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id ecaade2015_18
id ecaade2015_18
authors Agkathidis, Asterios
year 2015
title Generative Design Methods - Implementing Computational Techniques in Undergraduate Architectural Education
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.047
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 47-55
summary In continuation to the Deceptive Landscape Installation research project (Agkathidis, Kocatürk 2014), this paper investigates the implementation of generative design techniques in undergraduate architectural design education. After reviewing the main definitions of generative design synoptically, we have assessed the application of a modified generative method on a final year, undergraduate design studio, in order to evaluate its potential and its suitability within the framework of a research led design studio, leading to an RIBA accredited Part I degree. Our research findings based on analysis of the design outputs, student performance, external examiners reports as well as student course evaluation surveys indicate a positive outcome on the studio's design approach, as well as its suitability for an undergraduate design studio. They initiate a flourishing debate about accomplishments and failures of a design methodology, which still remains alien to many undergraduate curricula.
wos WOS:000372316000007
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=e6f673d4-6e8e-11e5-be22-93874392c2e4
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2014_055
id ecaade2014_055
authors Ahmet Emre Dincer, Gülen Cagdas and Hakan Tong
year 2014
title A Digital Tool for Customized Mass Housing Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.201
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 201-211
summary Innovative design approaches are needed for mass housing implementations. Especially increasing interaction between user and designer is major important in the design decisions of these buildings. For this, it is seriously necessary to benefit from technological advances in computational designs, because digital tools like shape grammar, cellular automata, genetic algorithm, l-systems and agent-based models in this field provide not only to save time and to manage the relationships but also to generate many different alternatives. Accordingly, a digital support tool for designers has been developed by using cellular automata approach and scripts of 3Ds Max software. It produces samples of housing design plans which is generated by cellular automata approach according to the data of users' preferences. In this paper the interface and contributions of the developed model are introduced and discussed.
wos WOS:000361384700020
keywords Computational design; mass customization; innovative housing design; plugin
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ascaad2014_016
id ascaad2014_016
authors Al-Ratrout, Samer A. and Rana Zureikat
year 2014
title Pedagogic Approach in the Age of Parametric Architecture: Experimental method for teaching architectural design studio to 3rd year level students
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 211-226
summary In this era, Architectural Design Practice is faced with a paradigm shift in its conventional approaches towards computational methods. In this regard, it is considered a pedagogic challenge to boost up knowledge and skills of architectural students’ towards an advanced approach of architectural design that emphasizes the potentials and complexity of computational environments and parametric tools for design problem solving. For introducing the concept of Parametric Oriented Design Methods to 3rd year level architectural students, an experimental pedagogic course was designed in the scholastic year of 2012-2013 at German Jordanian University GJU (School of Architecture and Built Environment SABE) to approach this concept. In the preparation phase, the experimental course was designed to incorporate structured instructing and training method to be consecutively performed within experimental lab environment to target predetermined learning outcomes and goals. The involved students were intentionally classified into three levels of previous involvement associated with the related software operating skills and computational design exposure. In the implementation phase, the predetermined instructing and training procedures were performed in the controlled environment according to the planned tasks and time intervals. Preceded tactics were prepared to be executed to resolve various anticipated complication. In this phase also, students’ performance and comprehension capacity were observed and recorded. In data analysis phase, the observed results were verified and correlations were recognized. In the final phase, conclusions were established and recommendations for further related pedagogic experiments were introduced.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

For more results click below:

this is page 0show page 1show page 2show page 3show page 4show page 5... show page 33HOMELOGIN (you are user _anon_741110 from group guest) CUMINCAD Papers Powered by SciX Open Publishing Services 1.002