Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cdrf2023_273
id	cdrf2023_273
authors	Pixin Gong, Xiaoran Huang, Chenyu Huang, Shiliang Wang
year	2023
title	Modeling on Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Traditional Residential Neighborhoods in Beijing Based on GAN
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_23
summary	With the support of new urban science and technology, the bottom-up and human-centered space quality research has become the key to delicacy urban governance, of which the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) have a severe influence. However, in the studies of actual UTCI, datasets are mostly obtained from on-site measurement data or simulation data, which is costly and ineffective. So, how to efficiently and rapidly conduct a large-scale and fine-grained outdoor environmental comfort evaluation based on the outdoor environment is the problem to be solved in this study. Compared to the conventional qualitative analysis methods, the rapidly developing algorithm-supported data acquisition and machine learning modelling are more efficient and accurate. Goodfellow proposed Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs) in 2014, which can successfully be applied to image generation with insufficient training data. In this paper, we propose an approach based on a generative adversarial network (GAN) to predict UTCI in traditional blocks. 36000 data samples were obtained from the simulations, to train a pix2pix model based on the TensorFlow framework. After more than 300 thousand iterations, the model gradually converges, where the loss of the function gradually decreases with the increase of the number of iterations. Overall, the model has been able to understand the overall semantic information behind the UTCI graphs to a high degree. Study in this paper deeply integrates the method of data augmentation based on GAN and machine learning modeling, which can be integrated into the workflow of detailed urban design and sustainable construction in the future.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ascaad2014_012
id	ascaad2014_012
authors	Sherbini, Khaled A. and Tarek Hegazy
year	2014
title	An Automated Value-based Evaluation and Conditional Approval of Construction Submittals
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 161-174
summary	To ensure compliance with specifications during construction, a formal review process, called the submittals process, is typically used whereby a contractor submits proposals for materials, equipment, and processes for owner’s approval. This evaluation process can be a difficult task because of time restriction, lack of information in the submittal package, and lack of defined criteria for evaluation. This study thus introduces an automated decision support for submittal evaluation that uses the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) to evaluate a submittal considering its impact on the construction and operation of the building. First, key building submittals are analyzed and the top one (chiller) is selected and its evaluation parameters grouped into two categories: non-flexible and flexible. The non-flexible parameters have been dealt with as a checklist with predefined thresholds that must be met without tolerance. Flexible parameters, on the other hand, have been analyzed using utility values that represent decision makers’ preferences and tolerance levels. Accordingly, the evaluation process determines the overall utility for the submittal and the value-based condition for accepting it. An automated prototype system has been developed using data provided by three organizations through intensive interviews with experts. A case study was then used to prove that the proposed evaluation system provides consistent and objective decisions, internal alignment of organizational values, and improved lifecycle performance of submittal items.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	ijac201412407
id	ijac201412407
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif M.
year	2014
title	An Inquiry into Designing in Context using Generative Systems
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 4, 477-494
summary	The use of generative systems has been widely investigated in the architectural design process through different procedures and levels of autonomy to generate form.The digression from abstract pre- existing notions of vocabulary and rules – even when resulting in emergent forms – to address complex real- world contexts is yet a challenging undertaking.This paper explores incorporating context in the process of designing using generative systems from ideation to fabrication, and explores the relationship between the emergent nature of generative design and the situated act of designing while using generative design tools.A course offered for 3rd year architecture students at the Department of Architecture, Ain Shams University, Egypt, was designed for this purpose. 110 students employed systems including shape grammars, L- systems, fractals and cellular automata, to design and fabricate 8 group projects.A discussion around emergence and situatedness is presented, with special attention to the designing process from ideation to fabrication.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	ascaad2014_004
id	ascaad2014_004
authors	Afsari, Kereshmeh; Matthew E. Swarts and T. Russell Gentry
year	2014
title	Integrated Generative Technique for Interactive Design of Brickworks
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 49-64
summary	Bricks have been used in the construction industry as a building medium for millennia. Distinct patterns of bricks depict the unique aesthetic intentions found in Roman, Gothic and Islamic architecture. In contemporary practice, the use of digital tools in design has enabled methodologies for creating new forms in architecture. CAD and BIM systems provide new opportunities for designers to create parametric objects for building form generation. In masonry design, there exists an inherent contradiction between traditional patterns in brick design, which are formal and prescribed, and the potential for new patterns generated using design scripting. In addition, current tools do not provide interactive techniques for the design of brickwork patterns that can manage constant changes parametrically, to inform and influence design process, by providing design feedback on the constructive and structural aspects of the proposed brick pattern and geometry. This research looks into the parametric techniques that can be applied to create different kinds of patterns on brick walls. It discusses a methodology for an interactive brickwork design within generative techniques. By integrating data between two computational platforms – the first based on image analysis and the second on parametric modeling, we demonstrate a methodology and application that can generate interactive arbitrary patterns and map it to the brick wall in real-time.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	ecaade2015_18
id	ecaade2015_18
authors	Agkathidis, Asterios
year	2015
title	Generative Design Methods - Implementing Computational Techniques in Undergraduate Architectural Education
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 47-55
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.047
wos	WOS:000372316000007
summary	In continuation to the Deceptive Landscape Installation research project (Agkathidis, Kocatürk 2014), this paper investigates the implementation of generative design techniques in undergraduate architectural design education. After reviewing the main definitions of generative design synoptically, we have assessed the application of a modified generative method on a final year, undergraduate design studio, in order to evaluate its potential and its suitability within the framework of a research led design studio, leading to an RIBA accredited Part I degree. Our research findings based on analysis of the design outputs, student performance, external examiners reports as well as student course evaluation surveys indicate a positive outcome on the studio's design approach, as well as its suitability for an undergraduate design studio. They initiate a flourishing debate about accomplishments and failures of a design methodology, which still remains alien to many undergraduate curricula.
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=e6f673d4-6e8e-11e5-be22-93874392c2e4
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2024_167
id	ecaade2024_167
authors	Alammar, Ammar; Alymani, Abdulrahman; Jabi, Wassim
year	2024
title	Building Energy Efficiency Estimations with Random Forest for Single and Multi-Zones
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 365–374
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.365
summary	Surrogate models (SM) present an opportunity for rapid assessment of a building's performance, surpassing the pace of simulation-based methods. Setting up a simulation for a single concept involves defining numerous parameters, disrupting the architect's creative flow due to extended simulation run times. Therefore, this research explores integrating building energy analysis with advanced machine learning techniques to predict heating and cooling loads (KWh/m2) for single and multi-zones in buildings. To generate the dataset, the study adopts a parametric generative workflow, building upon Chou and Bui's (2014) methodology. This dataset encompasses multiple building forms, each with unique topological connections and attributes, ensuring a thorough analysis across varied building scenarios. These scenarios undergo thermal simulation to generate data for machine learning analysis. The study primarily utilizes Random Forest (RF) as a new technique to estimate the heating and cooling loads in buildings, a critical factor in building energy efficiency. Following that, A random search approach is utilized to optimize the hyperparameters, enhancing the robustness and accuracy of the machine learning models employed later in the research. The RF algorithms demonstrate high performance in predicting heating and cooling loads (KWh/m2), contributing to enhanced building energy efficiency. The study underscores the potential of machine learning in optimizing building designs for energy efficiency.
keywords	Heating and Cooling loads, Topology, Machine learning, Random Forest
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaade2014_214
id	ecaade2014_214
authors	António Leitão and Sara Proença
year	2014
title	On the Expressive Power of Programming Languages for Generative Design - The Case of Higher-Order Functions
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 257-266
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.257
wos	WOS:000361384700025
summary	The expressive power of a language measures the breadth of ideas that can be described in that language and is strongly dependent on the constructs provided by the language. In the programming language area, one of the constructs that increases the expressive power is the concept of higher-order function (HOF). A HOF is a function that accepts functions as arguments and/or returns functions as results. HOF can drastically simplify the programming activity, reducing the development effort, and allowing for more adaptable programs. In this paper we explain the concept of HOFs and its use for Generative Design. We then compare the support for HOF in the most used programming languages in the GD field and we discuss the pedagogy of HOFs.
keywords	Generative design; higher-order functions; programming languages
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2014_022
id	ecaade2014_022
authors	Asterios Agkathidis and Tuba Kocaturk
year	2014
title	Deceptive Landscape Installation - Algorithmic patterning strategies for a small pavilion
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 71-79
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.071
wos	WOS:000361385100006
summary	This paper reflects a collaborative, research led design project, aiming to explore the potentials offered by incorporating parametric / generative tools and performative lighting simulation software in order to design and fabricate a small pavilion for the School of Architecture. The Deceptive Landscape pavilion was designed in the framework of a masters level, research led, and collaborative design studio. During its intense 12 weeks schedule, student teams were asked to explore and apply generative / parametric tools such as Rhino and Grasshopper, in order to design and later construct a small pavilion, with a theme of their choice. In addition, each team was asked to optimise their design proposal by embedding environmental software plug-ins (e.g. DIVA for Rhino) in their design process, thereby aiming to re-inform their parametric models and set performance targets. Finally each team was expected to propose a file to factory fabrication technique, following all constrains of a limited, predetermined budget. The most convincing and consistent proposal, was then chosen for fabrication. The finalised project serves as verification of the effectiveness of the design system and teaching methods used.
keywords	Generative design, parametric design, pavilion installation, fabrication;
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2023_438
id	sigradi2023_438
authors	Braz Barcellos, Daniel, Lucena de Assis Bezerra, Giulia Fernanda and Oukawa, Ana Carolina
year	2023
title	Impacts on the landscape coast of Joao Pessoa-PB: an analysis based on digital simulations
source	García Amen, F, Goni Fitipaldo, A L and Armagno Gentile, Á (eds.), Accelerated Landscapes - Proceedings of the XXVII International Conference of the Ibero-American Society of Digital Graphics (SIGraDi 2023), Punta del Este, Maldonado, Uruguay, 29 November - 1 December 2023, pp. 1809–1820
summary	The research analyzes the impact of artificial beach nourishment in Joao Pessoa - PB, considering the increase in buildings and its environmental and social consequences. Urban beaches are particularly vulnerable to the growing effects of climate change. Artificial beach nourishment is proposed as a response to coastal erosion, but experts raise concerns about its high cost, ecosystem imbalance, destruction of fragile biomes, and impact on local communities. The research employs digital simulation (Scheer, 2014) through generative visual models as resources to analyze the beach nourishment project in Cabo Branco and Tambaú. Various visualization techniques and means are overlapped to simulate images linked to the real impacts of the proposed interventions. The study also explores the relationships between gray, green, and blue infrastructures and the effects on shading and ventilation caused by the buildings. The purpose is to understand the social, environmental, and urban dynamics' impacts on the city.
keywords	Simulation, Beach nourishment, Coastal erosion
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2024/03/08 14:09

_id	ecaade2014_208
id	ecaade2014_208
authors	Bruno Figueiredo, Eduardo Castro e Costa, Bruno Araújo, Fernando Fonseca, Daniel Mendes, Joaquim A Jorge and José Pinto Duarte
year	2014
title	Interactive Tabletops for Architectural Visualization - Combining Stereoscopy and Touch Interfaces for Cultural Heritage
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 585-592
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.585
wos	WOS:000361384700058
summary	This paper presents an interactive apparatus to didactically explore Alberti's treatise on architecture, De re aedificatoria, as generative design systems, namely shape grammars. This apparatus allows users to interactively explore such architectonical knowledge in both appealing and informal ways, by enabling them to visualize and manipulate in real-time different design solutions. The authors identify the difficulties on encoding the architectural knowledge of a parametric design model into an interactive apparatus to be used by laypeople. At last, the authors discuss the results of a survey conducted to users that interacted with the prototype in order to assess its ability to communicate the knowledge of an architectural language.
keywords	Alberti; generative design; multi-modal interfaces; shape grammars; user experience
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2015_11.166
id	sigradi2015_11.166
authors	Calixto, Victor; Celani, Gabriela
year	2015
title	A literature review for space planning optimization using an evolutionary algorithm approach: 1992-2014
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 662-671.
summary	Space planning in architecture is a field of research in which the process of arranging a set of space elements is the main concern. This paper presents a survey of 31 papers among applications and reviews of space planning method using evolutionary algorithms. The objective of this work was to organize, classify and discuss about twenty-two years of SP based on an evolutionary approach to orient future research in the field.
keywords	Space Planning, Evolutionary algorithms, Generative System
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia14projects_227
id	acadia14projects_227
authors	Christou, Elina; Dierckx; Pastrana, Rodgrigo; Papic, Nikola
year	2014
title	Robofoam
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp.227-230
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.227
summary	The project examines the evolvement of the uncertainty in the design process to result in an integrated and resilient structure that emerges from local conditions and possesses the ability to create global patterns and emerging forms create global patterns and emerging forms through the increasingly expanding category of foam-based materials
keywords	Multi Agent Systems in Design, Robotics and Autonomous Design Systems, Collective Intelligence in Design, Generative Design, Digital fabrication and construction, Material Logics and Tectonics.
series	ACADIA
type	Student's Research Projects
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia14_473
id	acadia14_473
authors	Cutellic, Pierre
year	2014
title	Le Cube d'Après, Integrated Cognition for Iterative and generative Designs.
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 473-478
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.473
summary	This paper describes the work in progress of a research on Neurodesign and a previously described process entitled Augmented Iterations [Cutellic and Lotte, 2013]. Within this broader field of research and design explorations, we will focus on describing and comment results obtained in the neuroselection of shapes among a continuously varying flow of visual stimuli. Eventually, these results will lead to the identification of a non-linear and non-convergent potential for the human-based computation of iterative and generative designs.
keywords	Human Computer Interaction, Augmented Iteration, Neurodesign, Generative Design, Integrated Cognition, Evolutionary Computation, Design Computing and Cognition
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2014_192
id	ecaade2014_192
authors	David Stasiuk and Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen
year	2014
title	Learning to be a Vault - Implementing learning strategies for design exploration in inter-scalar systems
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 381-390
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.381
wos	WOS:000361384700038
summary	Parametric design models enable the production of dynamic form, responsive material assemblies, and numerically and geometrically analytical feedback. The value potential for design produced through the procedural transformation of input parameters (or features) through algorithmic models has been repeatedly demonstrated and epistemically refined. However, despite their capacity to improve productivity and iteration, parametric models are nonetheless prone to inflexibility and reduction, both of which obscure processes of invention and discovery that are central to an effective design practice. This paper presents an experimental approach for the application of multiple, parallel computational design modelling strategies which are tested in the production of an inter-scalar model array that synthesises design intent, the simulation of material behaviours, performance-driven adaptation, and open-ended processes of discovery and categorical description. It is particularly focused on the computational potentials embedded in interdependent applications of simulation and machine learning algorithms as generative and descriptive drivers of form, performance, and architectural quality. It ultimately speculates towards an architectural design modelling method that privileges open model topologies and emergent feature production as critical operators in the generation of flexible and adaptive design solutions.
keywords	Parametric design; computational modelling; machine learning; multi-objective optimisation; k-means clustering
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2014_146
id	ecaade2014_146
authors	Davide Ventura and Matteo Baldassari
year	2014
title	Grow: Generative Responsive Object for Web-based design - Methodology for generative design and interactive prototyping
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 587-594
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.587
wos	WOS:000361385100061
summary	This paper is part of the research on Generative Design and is inspired by the ideas spread by the following paradigms: the Internet of Things (Auto-ID Center, 1999) and the Pervasive/Ubiquitous Computing (Weiser, 1993). Particularly, the research describes a number of case studies and, in detail, the experimental prototype of an interactive-design object: “Grow-1”. The general assumptions of the study are as follows: a) Developing the experimental prototype of a smart-design object (Figure 1) in terms of interaction with man, with regard to the specific conditions of the indoor environment as well as in relation to the internet/web platforms. b) Setting up a project research based on the principles of Generative Design.c) Formulating and adopting a methodology where computational design techniques and interactive prototyping ones converge, in line with the principles spread by the new paradigms like the Internet of Things.
keywords	Responsive environments and smart spaces; ubiquitous pervasive computing; internet of things; generative design; parametric modelling
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	sigradi2014_080
id	sigradi2014_080
authors	De Martino, Jarryer Andrade; Gabriela Celani
year	2014
title	Sistema Generativo Evolutivo como Método no Processo Criativo [Evolutionary Generative System as a Method on Creative Process]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 380-383
summary	This paper presents the evolutionary algorithms associated with a generative system as a design method for creating a roof. The flexibility of the system allowed the generation of five experiments with different formal arrangements, contributing to the development of the creative process by obtaining unexpected results and more efficient. The paper presents a brief conceptual description of the evolutionary generative system, the description of the method used and the analysis of results.
keywords	Evolutionary algorithms; Parameterization; Creative process; Optimization; Diversity
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	sigradi2014_082
id	sigradi2014_082
authors	De Martino, Jarryer Andrade; Gabriela Celani
year	2014
title	Definição volumétrica a partir de um sistema generativo evolutivo [Volumetric Definition from an Evolutionary Generative System]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 384-388
summary	The objective of this paper is to present the volumetric modeling of a building through an evolutionary generative system, using weather information site. The methodology explored three experiments with two different approaches, one partially and one fully parameterized, obtaining results that directed the modeling process. The paper makes a brief theoretical introduction to the bioclimatic architecture, the description of the method used and the analysis of results.
keywords	Evolutionary algorithms; Generative system; Optimization; Creative process; Insolation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:50

_id	acadia14projects_103
id	acadia14projects_103
authors	Diles, Justin
year	2014
title	Eigenforms
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 103-106
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.103
summary	This research outlines how buckling simulation in digital surfaces can aid in the design and construction of stereotomic architectural assemblies. FEM analysis tools, typically employed by engineers to evaluate structural performance, are used in this investigation to generate new volumetric design techniques that update and extend stereotomy.
keywords	stereotomy, buckling, FEM analysis, composites, digital fabrication, algorithmic design technique, Generative Design
series	ACADIA
type	Research Projects
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia14_257
id	acadia14_257
authors	Diles, Justin
year	2014
title	Intricate Stereotomic Assemblies: Hollow Masonry From Buckled Surfaces
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 257-266
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.257
summary	This research outlines how buckling simulation in digital surfaces can aid in the design and construction of stereotomic architectural assemblies. FEM analysis tools, typically employed by engineers to evaluate structural performance, are used in this investigation to generate new volumetric design techniques that update and extend stereotomy.
keywords	stereotomy, buckling, FEM analysis, composites, digital fabrication, algorithmic design technique, Generative Design
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
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last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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