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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_001
id	ecaade2023_001
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 2
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 899 p.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.001
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2024/08/29 08:36

_id	ascaad2014_025
id	ascaad2014_025
authors	Elias-Ozkan, Soofia T. and Hatem Hadia
year	2014
title	Teaching and Learning Building Performance Virtualisation
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 323-330
summary	Building performance simulation tools have indeed eased the task of evaluating a building’s performance from the point of view of lighting design, heating and cooling loads, total energy loads, acoustic properties, natural lighting, ventilation, smoke and fire containment etc. However, to use these tools correctly, not only is theoretical knowledge required but also insight that can only be attained after substantial experience. For example, in order to evaluate the thermal performance alone, one needs to understand climatology, material properties, building physics, HVAC systems, internal and external gain factors, solar impacts, etc. to name a few. Hence, teaching students of Architecture how to use these tools, and also to interpret the results properly, is a tall order. This paper reports on insights gained through teaching courses on building performance simulations to graduate students in the Department of Architecture. The course content was varied each term and a different simulation software was used; namely: ECOTECT, Energy Plus and Design Builder. Data presented here will also contain feedback from the course students regarding the modelling process of the buildings, inputting the data, simulating their performance, and evaluating the results. Also, the difficulties faced during the various steps as well as the drawbacks of the tools will be discussed in depth.
series	ASCAAD
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2021/07/16 10:36

_id	caadria2014_054
id	caadria2014_054
authors	Holzer, Dominik
year	2014
title	BIM and Parametric Design as Game Changers
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 379–388
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.379
summary	This paper explores the effects of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Parametric Design on the distribution of roles and responsibility in architectural practice. It will do so in consideration of the epistemological changes associated to new skillsets young graduates bring into practice and their positioning among experienced professionals on project teams. On one hand the paper will scrutinise how the use of BIM and Parametric design influences design and delivery of projects, their impacts on practice culture, and the associated roledistribution on project teams. On the other hand the paper will discuss to what extent academic institutions can or should respond to the challenges and the opportunities inherent to these changes in practice. A number of responses to the challenges and opportunities will be presented by the author for further consideration by others.
keywords	Parametric Design; BIM; Epistemology; Practice; Academic Curriculum; Teaching
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2014_092
id	sigradi2014_092
authors	Aldo Luís Pedrosa da Silva Aldo Pedrosa
year	2014
title	Dispositivos escópicos para a mediação do olhar
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 433-436
summary	This work will discuss how the contemporary technological devices, that act like mediators of the gaze, can leverage a global voyeurism in an already established scopophilic and surveillance-panopticism culture. This analysis will be done from a perspective within the art and technology, where productions in contemporary visual arts resort to this state of affairs to propose their poetics and to present a critical and reflective reading about a society, facing a reality where privacy and individual freedom are at stake. Work pertaining to research in conducting the PhD in Visual Arts (UNICAMP/Brazil).
keywords	Devices; voyeurism; scopophilia; panopticism; art
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	caadria2014_170
id	caadria2014_170
authors	Beirão, José Nuno; André Chaszar and Ljiljana _avi_
year	2014
title	Convex- and Solid-Void Models for Analysis and Classification of Public Spaces
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 253–262
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.253
summary	In this paper a semiautomated morphological classification of urban space is addressed systematically by sorting through the volumetric shapes of public spaces represented as 3-dimensional convex and solid voids. The motivation of this approach comes from a frequent criticism of space syntax methods for lacking information on how buildings and terrain morphology influence the perception and use of public spaces in general and streets in particular. To solve this problem information on how façades relate with streets and especially information about the facades’ height should be considered essential to produce a richer and more accurate morphological analysis of street canyons and other open spaces. Parametric modelling of convex voids broadens the hitherto known concept of two-dimensional convex spaces considering surrounding facades’ height and topography as important inputs for volumetric representation of urban space. The method explores the analytic potentials of ‘convex voids’ and ‘solid voids’ in describing characteristics of open public spaces such as containment, openness, enclosure, and perceived enclosure, and using these metrics to analyse and classify urban open spaces.
keywords	Open public space; convex voids; solid voids; user-guided feature recognition
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2014_180
id	sigradi2014_180
authors	Bernardo, Marcus Vinicius Fernandes Rocha; Jose dos Santos Cabral Filho Correo
year	2014
title	Fabricação digital e variedade fora do contexto industrial
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 320-323
summary	This paper discusses issues raised during an experiment about the use of digital fabrication technologies in non-industrial contexts in three concurrent fronts: The first front was to get familiarized with the production ecology of a non-industrial building context, the favela. The second front was to verify the accessibility of digital fabrication technologies outside the industry by building a low cost CNC milling machine based on DIY instructions available in the internet. And the last front was to develop useful solutions with this technology to that context. Partial results are guidelines for improving the technology in order to fit the context
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	sigradi2014_267
id	sigradi2014_267
authors	Braida Rodrigues de Paula, Frederico; Ashley Adelaide Rosa, Diogo Machado Homem, Izabela Ferreira Silva, Juliana Coelho, Fernando Tadeu de Araújo Lima, Juliane Figueiredo Fonseca, Vinicius Rocha Rodrigues Morais, Mariane da Paz Almeida
year	2014
title	Do plano ao volume: a gramática dos planos em série como partido para a fabricação digital por meio de cortadoras a laser [From the plan to the volume: the grammar of plans in series as a party to digital fabrication through laser cutters]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 333-336
summary	This article intent to promote discussion about the possibilities of using the plans in series reasoning as a party to digital fabrication. More specifically, this paper will address the possibilities of manufacturing objects using the logic of plans in series and laser cutting technology. To that end we assembled an identification of elements and transformations arising from the concepts of shape grammar, as well as an assessment of how to produce various objects in this sense
keywords	Digital Fabrication; Laser Cutting; Plans in series; Shape Grammar
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ijac201412305
id	ijac201412305
authors	Davis, Daniel
year	2014
title	Quantitatively Analysing Parametric Models
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 3, 307-320
summary	Architectural practices regularly work with parametric models, yet almost nothing is known about the general properties of these models. We do not know how large a typical model is, or how complicated, or even what the typical parametric model does. These knowledge gaps are the focus of this article, which documents the first large-scale quantitative parametric model survey. In this paper three key quantitative metrics - dimensionality, size, and cyclomatic complexity - are applied to a collection of 2002 parametric models created by 575 designers. The results show that parametric models generally exhibit a number of strong correlations, which reveal a practice of parametric modelling that has as much to do with the management of data as it does with the modelling of geometry. These findings demonstrate the utility of software engineering metrics in the description and analysis of parametric models.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	sigradi2014_052
id	sigradi2014_052
authors	Guerra Matos, Marcella
year	2014
title	Observação e experimentação da Tecnologia 4D no projeto de arquitetura [Observation and experimentation of 4D Technology in architectural design]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 547-550
summary	This paper presents an experimentation of the use of 4D technology in order to generate a simulation. An approach will be made about this technology, as well as its evolutionary process, and how the graphical representation is changing and used in various applications. It will be shown the advantages fourth dimension can bring to the realization of architectural projects, as well as some advice for the process will be really efficient.
keywords	4D; BIM (Building Information Modelling); Construction manager; Simulation
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	ascaad2014_011
id	ascaad2014_011
authors	Hamani, Dalil; Dominique Beautems and Remi Huneau
year	2014
title	Digital Statement and 3D Modeling for the Restitution of the Architectural Heritage: 3D virtual model for architectural restoration
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 149-160
summary	Heritage specialists (architect, historian, conservator, engineer, archaeologist, etc.) often face significant problems of representation and simulation assumptions restitution of monuments. The traditional graphic means cannot fulfill all the needs which are done day in the patrimonial restitution. That is why it is necessary to consider the services that digital technology can do, and think about their use in the representation of monuments in their environment. It can also be used to restore and to preserve heritage using digital statement which allows reconstituting numerically damaged parts or disappeared from historic buildings. The virtual model of restitution constitutes a solution which makes it possible to show the restitution of the site (or part of the site) without materializing it physically, using graphical means. The virtual restitution can be materialized in the form of digital restitution in 3D, but also by the use of drawings or others graphic techniques. In this paper, we present two techniques for digital statement: The Photomodelling and 3D laser scanning, which are used in the field of modeling heritage. Then we present case studies which were carried out within the framework of our teaching activities and research at the School of Architecture of Paris La Villette (ENSAPLV).
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	sigradi2014_189
id	sigradi2014_189
authors	Lima, Fernando Rodrigues; Patricia Estevão dos Santos, Emanuel Filipe de Alarcão Melo de Moraes
year	2014
title	Emprego de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG) na Modelagem e Monitoramento de um Campus Universitário [Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applied to an University Campus modeling and monitoring]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 512-515
summary	This paper presents a research on GIS to organize the available data from infrastructure and facilities in a University campus. It integrates and compiles a range of data under ontology that will permit the enhancement of geographic database regarding monitoring and control systems. The team worked with campus administration using desktop hardware and software to consolidate information about water, sewage, energy and other networks at backbone scale. The boundaries of buildings, parking, streets and land use were also included. The geographic features and tables assigned are intended to work under WebGIS, mobile device, participative platforms, BIM structures and 3D simulation.
keywords	GIS; Digital graphic modeling; Urban engineering; University campus
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

_id	ecaade2014_186
id	ecaade2014_186
authors	Maria Kerkidou, Anastasia Pechlivanidou-Liakata, Adam Doulgerakis and Alexandros Sagias
year	2014
title	Agents' movement_towards the reformation of public space - Step 1: select \| implement \| observe crowd rules
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 53-62
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.053
wos	WOS:000361384700004
summary	In order to enable designers to envision the behaviour of pedestrians with reference to specific environments, computational models of crowds and their movement become indispensable tools of evaluation as well as tools of creativity. In this paper, the model under development constitutes a generic model which incorporates ideas about agent-based systems. The simulation program comprises a support system for the designer to place virtual users in a context that bears analogous environmental traits of the area under study. The design problem which is addressed by the implementation deals with public squares for which the programmatic demands involve a broad spectrum of users of diverse idiosyncrasies. Our study attempts to elucidate how the variation in preferences of pedestrian movement which depend on various personal, situational and environmental factors, may influence the current use of a selected public space and underpin qualitative alterations compared to its initial design. The intent of the methodology is not to create a predictive tool of naturalistic human movement but to explore how spatial configuration can be assessed and developed through a simulation model of pedestrian behaviour.
keywords	Crowd simulation; spatial behaviour; pedestrian movement; public space
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ascaad2014_004
id	ascaad2014_004
authors	Afsari, Kereshmeh; Matthew E. Swarts and T. Russell Gentry
year	2014
title	Integrated Generative Technique for Interactive Design of Brickworks
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 49-64
summary	Bricks have been used in the construction industry as a building medium for millennia. Distinct patterns of bricks depict the unique aesthetic intentions found in Roman, Gothic and Islamic architecture. In contemporary practice, the use of digital tools in design has enabled methodologies for creating new forms in architecture. CAD and BIM systems provide new opportunities for designers to create parametric objects for building form generation. In masonry design, there exists an inherent contradiction between traditional patterns in brick design, which are formal and prescribed, and the potential for new patterns generated using design scripting. In addition, current tools do not provide interactive techniques for the design of brickwork patterns that can manage constant changes parametrically, to inform and influence design process, by providing design feedback on the constructive and structural aspects of the proposed brick pattern and geometry. This research looks into the parametric techniques that can be applied to create different kinds of patterns on brick walls. It discusses a methodology for an interactive brickwork design within generative techniques. By integrating data between two computational platforms – the first based on image analysis and the second on parametric modeling, we demonstrate a methodology and application that can generate interactive arbitrary patterns and map it to the brick wall in real-time.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	caadria2014_161
id	caadria2014_161
authors	Heydarian, Arsalan; Joao P. Carneiro,David Gerber, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, Timothy Hayes and Wendy Wood
year	2014
title	Immersive Virtual Environments: Experiments on Impacting Design and Human Building Interaction
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 729–738
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.729
summary	This research prefaces the need for engaging with endusers in early stages of design as means to achieve higher performing designs with an increased certainty for enduser satisfaction. While the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) community has previously used virtual reality, the primary use has been for coordination and visualization of Building Information Models (BIM). This work builds upon the value of use of virtual environments in AEC processes but asks the research question "how can we better test and measure design alternatives through the integration of immersive virtual reality into our digital and physical mock up workflows? " The work is predicated on the need for design exploration through associative parametric design models, as well as, testing and measuring design alternatives with human subjects. The paper focuses on immersive virtual environments (IVEs) and presents a literature review of the use of virtual environments for integrating enduser feedback during the design stage. In a controlled pilot experiment, the authors find that human participants perform similarly in IVE and the physical environment in everyday tasks. The participants indicated they felt a strong sense of "presence" in IVE. In the future, the authors plan on using IVE to explore the integration of multi agent systems to impact building design performance and occupant satisfaction.
keywords	Virtual Reality; Prototyping; Design Technology; Immersive Virtual Environments; Feedback
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2014_109
id	ecaade2014_109
authors	Kristoffer Negendahl, Thomas Perkov and Alfred Heller
year	2014
title	Approaching Sentient Building Performance Simulation Systems
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 49-60
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.049
wos	WOS:000361385100004
summary	Building designers make decisions in early design stages that have large impact on building performance, including those of energy-, daylight- and indoor environment performance. Building performance simulation (BPS) tools can support the designer, in making better decisions, by providing the performance consequences of design choices. However BPS tools often require deep technical knowledge and is too time consuming to use to effectively support the design exploration in the early design stages. To solve this challenge, the current paper proposes: Sentient building performance simulation systems, which combine one or more high precision BPS tools to provide near instantaneous performance feedback directly in the design tool. Sentient BPS systems are essentially combining: 1) design tools, 2) parametric tools, 3) BPS tools, 4) dynamic databases 5) interpolation techniques and 6) prediction techniques as a fast and valid simulation system for the early design stage.
keywords	Building performance simulation; parametric modelling; visual programming language; database; responsive system; integrated dynamic model
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2014_021
id	sigradi2014_021
authors	Araujo, André L.; Wilson Barbosa Neto, Gabriela Celani
year	2014
title	Treliças espaciais metálicas: combinação de parâmetros formais e materiais nos estágios iniciais do processo de projeto [Spatial steel trusses: Integrating structural pre-dimensioning requirements in the early stages of the parametric design]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 355-359
summary	The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the topics most discussed in the complex shapes design. While some design tools allow the designer to begin with an inefficient form and then turn it into a more efficient one, other tools allow exploring and creating structural forms considering both formal and structural aspects from the beginning. This paper presents a parametric design approach to create spatial steel trusses with the combination of two strategies: (1) shell surface to set out structural elements; (2) cross section properties to ensure structural stability aspects. In this paper we discuss how the combination of these strategies can contribute to the use of parametric design techniques in the early stages of the design process, taking into account both structural optimization and production aspects.
keywords	Structural design; Spatial Structures; Tubular trusses; Parametric Design; Dimensioning
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2014_035
id	ecaade2014_035
authors	Kate_ina Nováková and Henri Achten
year	2014
title	Do (not) sketch into my sketch - A comparison of existing tools
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 237-243
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.237
wos	WOS:000361385100025
summary	Various computer-aided sketch tools can be used to support architectural designing (Tang, Lee, Gero, 2010) either individually in early stage of the process or in communication. We focus on the second mentioned. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of possible applications and mention the platforms which are supported. We explore the advantages or disadvantages of the tools and compare it with our newly developed application called ColLab sketch. With this application we hope in increasing speed and ease of graphic communication on one hand and testing architects demands on the other hand. We develop multiple criteria for evaluating the tools, while believing this paper could be of use to give a hint how to improve remote as well as co-located collaborative designing by sketch. Architectural designing is a very sensitive topic when it comes to sketching. Finally, we would like to compare the newly developed tool to this list and suggest improvements or experiments that help its finalizing.
keywords	Sketching; collaboration; electronic devices; sketch applications
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2014_225
id	ecaade2014_225
authors	Kostas Grigoriadis
year	2014
title	Material Fusion - A research into the simulated blending of materials using particle systems
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 123-130
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.123
wos	WOS:000361385100012
summary	Parallel to the early development and recent widespread usage of composite materials in building and manufacturing, the concept of functionally graded materials (FGM) was initiated and developed as far back as the 1980s. In contrast to the composite paradigm, where layers of materials are glued and 'cooked' together under high pressure and temperature to form laminated parts, FGM are singular materials that vary their consistency gradually over their volume. In direct link to their increasing use in fields adjacent to architecture, the scope of the paper is to explore a possible design route for designing with FGM. Of a limited number of available CAD software where material properties can be graded, the intent of the design for a materially graded windbreak module is to utilize particle systems as a technique for simulating fields of interacting, information-loaded material point sets that can be fused together in a gradient manner.
keywords	Functionally graded materials; particle system elements
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac201412204
id	ijac201412204
authors	Wilkinson, Samuel; Sean Hanna
year	2014
title	Approximating Computational Fluid Dynamics for Generative Tall Building Design
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 2, 155-178
summary	Background literature review, methodology, results, and analysis are presented for a novel approach to approximating wind pressure on tall buildings for the application of generative design exploration and optimisation.The predictions are approximations of time-averaged computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data with the aim of maintaining simulation accuracy but with improved speed.This is achieved through the use of a back-propagation artificial neural network (ANN) with vertex-based shape features as input and pressure as output.The training set consists of 600 procedurally generated tall building models, and the test set of 10 real building models; for all models in both sets, a feature vector is calculated for every vertex. Over the test set, mean absolute errors against the basis CFD are 1.99–4.44% (_:2.10–5.09%) with an on-line process time of 14.72–809.98s (0.028s/sample). Studies are also included on feature sensitivity, training set size, and comparison of CFD against prediction times. Results indicate that prediction time is only dependent on the number of test model vertices, and is therefore invariant to basis CFD time.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

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