CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id ecaade2014_233
id ecaade2014_233
authors Evangelos Pantazis and David Gerber
year 2014
title Material Swarm Articulations - New View Reciprocal Frame Canopy
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 463-473
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.463
wos WOS:000361384700046
summary Material Swarm Articulations, is an experiment in developing a multi-objective optimization system that incorporates bottom up approaches for informing architectural design. The paper presents an initial built project that demonstrates the combination of a structural form finding method, with an agent based design system through the digital fabrication processes. The objective of this research is to develop a workflow combined with material and construction constraints that has the potential to increase performance objectives while enabling geometric complexity and design driven articulation of a traditional tectonic system. The emphasis of the research at this stage is to take advantage of material properties and assembly methods applied to a digital design and simulation workflow that enables emergent patterns to influence the performance of the space.The paper illustrates the research through a prototype of a self standing canopy structure in 1:1 scale. It presents results of the form finding, generative patterning, digital fabrication affordances and sets and agenda for next steps in the use of multi-agent systems for design purposes.
keywords Computational design; agent-based system; digital fabrication; parametric design; reciprocal frames; form finding; multi-objective optimization, multi-agent systems for design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id acadia14projects_127
id acadia14projects_127
authors Pantazis, Evangelos; Gerber, David Jason; Pantazis, Jason
year 2014
title Material Swarm Articulations: The New View Reciprocal Frame Canopy
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 127-130
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.127
summary NEW VIEW is a pavilion structure that explores how a swarm driven and form found tectonic system is applied to a non-uniform parametric reciprocal frame structure can be combined with material properties, the vernacular and fabrication techniques in order to design and construct novel spatial structures through a material swarm articulation.
keywords Form Finding, Generative Design, Parametric design, Digital Fabrication, Agent Based Systems, Craft in a Digital Age, Material Tectonics
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2014_239
id ecaade2014_239
authors Pedro Filipe Martins and José Pedro Sousa
year 2014
title Digital Fabrication Technology in Concrete Architecture
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 475-484
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.475
wos WOS:000361384700047
summary Technological innovation has been an important driving force in architecture, enabling and inspiring architects and engineers by giving them new tools for solving existing problems. In the last two decades, the exploration of digital design and fabrication technologies has stimulated the development of a variety of interests and strategies to materialize increasingly complex and customized solutions in architecture, with traditional building materials. Reinforced concrete is the most widely used material in the building industry today and throughout its history has been the subject of vast research into its performance as a construction material and its tectonic potential in architecture. As such, the introduction of digital fabrication processes in concrete construction represents the biggest prospect for renovation of our built environment and at the same time, presents particular difficulties and opportunities, which are now being addressed. In an effort to investigate the alternative design and material possibilities in concrete emerging from the use of digital fabrication technologies in architecture, this paper proposes a focused view of digital fabrication applied to concrete construction with two areas of research. By framing the research in the context of reference works in concrete architecture of the 20th century, this paper describes and illustrates taxonomy of existing and possible types of integration of digital fabrication technologies in concrete architecture in the realms of Practice and Research.This characterization allows the authors to frame the relation between material, technology and architecture in different environments regarding the same material, extracting a clear image of existing processes, their potential and shortcomings, as well as expectations for future developments.
keywords Digital fabrication; concrete; cam; robotics; sustainability
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ecaade2014_143
id ecaade2014_143
authors Danilo Di Mascio and Tom Maver
year 2014
title Investigating a narrative architecture - Mackintosh's Glasgow School of Art
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 653-663
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.653
wos WOS:000361384700065
summary In this paper a theoretical approach and a methodology to investigate and document a narrative architecture will be presented. In the architecture field the word narrative is often used in reference to ways of representing or telling the story of a project. Within the context of this research with the expression “narrative architecture” the authors mean an architecture that, like a book, tells a story through its material and immaterial characteristics. In order to analyze the selected characteristics of a narrative architecture, a possible approach is represented by a digital 3D reconstruction and a critical analysis of the digital model produced. The digital reconstruction process and the theoretical background have been applied to a case study, a masterpiece in the history of architecture: Mackintosh's Glasgow School of Art. Several graphic works have been created to communicate the main characteristics of this narrative architecture. The research project attempts to explore ways to study and explain existing buildings from new and innovative points of view, but at the same time it can trigger important reflections in architectural design and education.
keywords Digital reconstruction; narrative architecture; representation and visualization; critical analysis; 3d modeling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id acadia14_375
id acadia14_375
authors Maxwell, Iain; Pigram, David; Egholm-Pedersen, Ole
year 2014
title Fabrication Aware Form-Finding: A Combined Quasi-Reciprocal Timber and Discontinious Post-tensioned Concrete Structure
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 375-383
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.375
summary This paper describes innovations in fabrication-aware form-finding applied to two novel construction methods: one for quasi-reciprocal timber frames, the other for post-tensioned precast concrete structures. A pavilion which applies all innovations serves as a case study.
keywords Fabrication-aware form-finding, precast concrete, reciprocal frame, multi-axis timber construction, material logics and tectonics, digital fabrication
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2014_079
id ecaade2014_079
authors Taichi Kuma, Moritz Dörstelmann, Marshall Prado and Achim Menges
year 2014
title Integrative Computational Design Methodology for Composite Spacer Fabric Architecture
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 61-69
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.061
wos WOS:000361385100005
summary Spacer fabrics are 3D warp-knitted fabrics, which have a volumetric structure. Together with the capacity to differentially stretch and contract, these materials allow three dimensional which is specific to spacer fabrics. The authors present a computational design methodology which enables the generation of form based on these material characteristics and local, regional and global material manipulations. Such a process can not only generate functional surface articulations, but also control the forming of spatial textile geometries. As a resin infused composite structure the spacer fabric can serve as architectural construction and building envelope. This new methodology to develop fibrous and textile morphology is contrary to a traditional hierarchical design process, which is based on a linear strategy from design to implementation. The investigation methods are based on analogue material experimentation and integration of the materials behaviour into a computational design process. Such a feedback process can unfold potential material morphologies and performances of spacer fabric as an architectural material.
keywords Integrative computational design; fibre composite structure; spacer fabric; material computation; form finding
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id caadria2014_022
id caadria2014_022
authors Dorta, Tomás and Gokce Kinayoglu
year 2014
title Towards a New Representational Ecosystem for the Design Studio
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 699–708
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.699
summary The collection of visual and physical simulation tools available to a design team constitutes what can be termed the Representational Ecosystem of the design studio. Current digital paradigm does not effectively support design discussions because it is limited to the pictorial-frame and scaled representations. We analyzed for the first time the link between the Interconnected Hybrid Ideation Space (HIS) and the representational ecosystem of a design studio as a case study. The Hybrid Representational Ecosystem is proposed to better achieve a comprehensive and closer view of the design solution because it is fully hybrid (analog/digital), it supports multiple kinds of representations, scales, and co-design. The epistemology and principles of the new paradigm are described.
keywords Co-design; Studio; Representation; Immersion; Ideation
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2014_053
id ecaade2014_053
authors Baris Cokcan, Johannes Braumann and Sigrid Brell-Cokcan
year 2014
title Performative Wood
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 131-138
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.131
wos WOS:000361385100013
summary This research builds upon projects from both university and practice to explore new approaches on how the multifunctionality, flexibility, and performance of wood can be utilized to inform new approaches towards both design and fabrication. The following projects use physical prototypes to bend wood just within its tolerances, design with the high precision of multi-axis robotic fabrication in mind, and finally inform the shape of a large free-form structure through material properties.
keywords Wood; high-performance material; cnc; robotic fabrication; geometric design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id caadria2014_207
id caadria2014_207
authors Beorkrem, Christopher and Charles Davis II
year 2014
title A Primitive Parametric
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 893–902
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.893
summary This paper describes the products of an exhibition organized by the authors that speculatively reconstructed the ‘long history’ of Architectural Biology to recover the cultural potential of biological metaphors in contemporary architecture. The extended historical timeline of the show spanned from the second half of the nineteenth century to the present. However, in contrast to previous shows that have isolated modern architects’ interests in the formalist principles of biology, this show examined the formal and cultural prerogatives of modern architects in tandem with one another. This historical framework encouraged the speculative analysis of the social and political relevance of contemporary claims, which inherently challenges the ahistorical bias of the postcritical debates that emerged in the new millennium. Widening our gaze to examine the ‘long history’ of biological metaphors in architecture enabled us to recuperate the cultural significance that biological references have accrued within the discipline of architecture. This disciplinary history promises to repair the historical amnesia that has beset contemporary architects who limit their analysis of biology to formalist principles of design. A key component of the exhibit was the conceptual pairing of the ‘primitive’ (cultural) concerns of nineteenth-century figures with the ‘parametric’ (formal) concerns of postwar and contemporary architects. Using Gottfried Semper as a representative figure for the former position, we reinterpreted the inherent cultural meaning of postwar and contemporary architectural works, including those completed by Frei Otto, Achim Menges, Lars Spuybroek, SHoP, and Evan Douglis. The material potential of this approach was expressed in the making of analytical maps, digital models, and conceptual drawings that explored the latent ‘primitive’ themes of contemporary ‘parametric’ designs.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia14projects_05
id acadia14projects_05
authors Borden, Gail
year 2014
title Furlined
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 05-06
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.005
summary As a part of the New Sculpturalism show at MOCA, a selection of voices defining the next generation of Los Angeles architecture were identified to design and bukd an experimental pavilion for the show. Furlined was one of these pavilions.
keywords materiality, craft, tectonics, installation, fabrication, experience and Material Logics and Tectonics
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia14projects_63
id acadia14projects_63
authors Bruscia, Nicholas; Romano, Christopher
year 2014
title project 3XLP - Porous Skin Prototype
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 63-66
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.063.2
summary project 3xLP, the winning submission to the TEX-FAB SKIN competition, is a continuation of design research on the structural properties of textured stainless steel sheeting, which typically is used for skinning and other non-structural purposes. The team conducted performative analyses of the material, and verified the results through full-scale prototyping. Structural studies relied on scale shifts that began with molecular composition and culminated with large-sale geometric systems. The work provides evidence of the adaptability, rigidity, and high performance of thin-gauge, textured metals; it establishes the groundwork for new structurally-based design possibilities using sheet steel.
keywords Material Logics and Tectonics, industry collaboration, digital fabrication, large scale prototyping
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id sigradi2014_303
id sigradi2014_303
authors De Monte, Andrea Maria
year 2014
title Visualización de información y cadena de significados. Cartografía de Infovis orientada a su experimentación didáctica en procesos de diseño [Information visualization and chain of meanings. Infovis cartography oriented to its didactic experimentation in design processes]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 609-613
summary The digitization of culture imposes new logic to the design disciplines in professional and academic areas. New roles, competencies and requirements emerge in front of an architecture that today is essentially material and also informational. The overabundance of information confuses and forced to develop strategies and skills that go beyond the traditional system of reading and observation to achieve its analysis and understanding. In this sense, the work investigates and cartography variables of information visualization related to semantic attributes, aimed to recognize their potential for instrumental experimentation in design processes within learning environments.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:50

_id ascaad2014_025
id ascaad2014_025
authors Elias-Ozkan, Soofia T. and Hatem Hadia
year 2014
title Teaching and Learning Building Performance Virtualisation
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 323-330
summary Building performance simulation tools have indeed eased the task of evaluating a building’s performance from the point of view of lighting design, heating and cooling loads, total energy loads, acoustic properties, natural lighting, ventilation, smoke and fire containment etc. However, to use these tools correctly, not only is theoretical knowledge required but also insight that can only be attained after substantial experience. For example, in order to evaluate the thermal performance alone, one needs to understand climatology, material properties, building physics, HVAC systems, internal and external gain factors, solar impacts, etc. to name a few. Hence, teaching students of Architecture how to use these tools, and also to interpret the results properly, is a tall order. This paper reports on insights gained through teaching courses on building performance simulations to graduate students in the Department of Architecture. The course content was varied each term and a different simulation software was used; namely: ECOTECT, Energy Plus and Design Builder. Data presented here will also contain feedback from the course students regarding the modelling process of the buildings, inputting the data, simulating their performance, and evaluating the results. Also, the difficulties faced during the various steps as well as the drawbacks of the tools will be discussed in depth.
series ASCAAD
type normal paper
email
last changed 2021/07/16 10:36

_id acadia14projects_135
id acadia14projects_135
authors Freeland, David; Buck Brennan
year 2014
title Flight Patterns
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 135-138
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.135.2
summary Flight Patterns is a 48 inch box kite that studies how spatial and perceptual complexity can be developed through the structural logic of the space frame. The project reinvestigates Alexander Graham Bell's tetrahedral kite as a potential architectural structure through a logic of hierarchy and difference, trading lift for a complex three-dimensional order of intricately stacked volumes.
keywords Craft in the Digital Age, Material logics and Tectonics, Computational Design Research and Education, Digital Fabrication and Construction, Theory, Philosophy and Methodology of Computational Design Research
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id acadia14_229
id acadia14_229
authors Georgiou, Michail; Georgiou, Odysseas; Kwok, Theresa
year 2014
title Form Complexity - Rewind | ‘God’s Eye’ Sukkahville 2013
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 229-236
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.229
summary A bottom-up, multidisciplinary approach, redefining design and construction of complex forms through integration of material properties, fabrication constraints and construction logistics.
keywords Material Logics & Tectonics, Performance in Design, Computational design research and education, Practice-based and interdisciplinary computational design research, Digital fabrication and construction, New digital design concept and strategies
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id sigradi2014_157
id sigradi2014_157
authors Hemmerling, Marco; Ulrich Nether
year 2014
title Generico - A case study on performance-based design
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 126-129
summary The paper discusses a case study for a seating element that takes into account human factors as well as aspects of structural performance, material properties and production parameters within an integrative design approach. Generico is a prototype for a new way of design thinking, developed with a holistic approach. The design is based on the requirements of comfortable sitting and responds to load forces and ergonomic conditions. The Generico chair – resulting from an all-embracing line of thought, from design to production, is an ideal field of application for 3D-printing-technology as it allows for an optimal material distribution.
keywords Human-centered design; Performance-based design; Generative design; Structural analysis; Additive manufacturing
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id caadria2014_044
id caadria2014_044
authors Huang, Alvin; Stephen Lewis and Jason Gillette
year 2014
title Pure Tension: Intuition, Engineering & Fabrication
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 171–180
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.171
summary The "PURE Tension" Pavilion is a lightweight, rapidly deployable, tensioned membrane structure and portable charging station commissioned by Volvo Car Italia to showcase the new Volvo V60 Hybrid Electric Diesel car. Officially launched in Milan, Italy in October 2013, this experimental structure was developed through a process of rigorous research and development that investigated methods of associative modelling, dynamic mesh relaxation, geometric rationalization, solar incidence analysis, membrane panelling, and material performance. It is an experimental structure that, similar to a concept car, is a working prototype that speculates on the potential future of personal mobility and alternative energy sources for transportation while also exploring digital design methodologies and innovative structural solutions. This paper will illustrate the design, development and fabrication processes involved in realizing this structure.
keywords Form-finding; dynamic-mesh relaxation; geometric rationalisation; patterning, digital fabrication
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2014_070
id ecaade2014_070
authors Isak Worre Foged, Anke Pasold and Mads Brath Jensen
year 2014
title Evolution of an Instrumental Architecture
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 365-372
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.365
wos WOS:000361385100038
summary The paper illustrates the architectural capacities of combining computational methods, such as genetic algorithms, acoustic simulation and parametric modeling, with material properties and a simple spatial programme in the developing of a performative and aesthetical sound based architecture. The paper presents a new architectural working method, a developed digital model and a resulting 1:1 pavilion. The work emphasizes and finds deep architectural potentials by combining material, spatial and human aspects into the formation of an aesthetical and performance oriented architecture.
keywords Evolutionary computation; acoustic analysis; acoustic pavilion; environmental architecture
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id caadria2014_037
id caadria2014_037
authors Khoo, Chin Koi
year 2014
title Designing a Responsive Material System with Physical Computing
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 97–106
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.097
summary This paper focuses on an investigation to explore architectural design potentials with a responsive material system and physical computing. Contemporary architects and designers are seeking to integrate physical computing in responsive architectural designs; however, they have largely borrowed from engineering technology’s mechanical devices and components. There is the opportunity to investigate an unexplored design approach to exploit the responsive capacity of material properties as alternatives to the current focus on mechanical components and discrete sensing devices. This opportunity creates a different design paradigm for responsive architecture that investigates the potential to integrate physical computing with responsive materials as one integrated material system. Instead of adopting highly intricate and expensive materials, this approach is explored through accessible and off-the-shelf materials to form a responsive material system, called Lumina. Lumina is implemented as an architectural installation called Cloud that serves as a morphing architectural skin. Cloud is a proof of concept to embody a responsive material system with physical computing to create a reciprocal and luminous architectural intervention for a selected dark corridor. It represents a different design paradigm for responsive architecture through alternative exploitation of contemporary materials and parametric design tools.
keywords Physical computing; responsive material systems; adaptive architecture
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id caadria2014_249
id caadria2014_249
authors Krietemeyer, Bess
year 2014
title An Adaptive Decision-Making Framework for Designing Material Behaviours
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 55–64
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.055
summary This paper describes an adaptive decision-making design framework for investigating the synergies between aesthetically-driven and performance-driven criteria, specifically in designing the material behaviour of an electroresponsive building envelope system. An immersive and interactive simulation environment developed in the C++ programming language provides a computational tool for testing the visual and energetic performance of a dynamic building envelope as it negotiates bioclimatic energy flows with participants’ aesthetic preferences and interactions. Experiments in bioresponsive feedback loops examine the impacts that user engagement and real-time energy performance feedback have on participants’ design choices. Preliminary results demonstrate that exposure to energy performance feedback and to the collective design choices of multiple users leads to adaptive decision-making that favours synergistic system performance with the potential for increased socio-ecological connections. Critically, this research provides new methods for supporting the design of emerging material behaviours for dynamic building envelopes that can negotiate multiple performance criteria.
keywords Participatory design; decision-making tool; interactive environment; dynamic building envelopes; immersive simulation
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

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