Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ascaad2014_004
id	ascaad2014_004
authors	Afsari, Kereshmeh; Matthew E. Swarts and T. Russell Gentry
year	2014
title	Integrated Generative Technique for Interactive Design of Brickworks
source	Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 49-64
summary	Bricks have been used in the construction industry as a building medium for millennia. Distinct patterns of bricks depict the unique aesthetic intentions found in Roman, Gothic and Islamic architecture. In contemporary practice, the use of digital tools in design has enabled methodologies for creating new forms in architecture. CAD and BIM systems provide new opportunities for designers to create parametric objects for building form generation. In masonry design, there exists an inherent contradiction between traditional patterns in brick design, which are formal and prescribed, and the potential for new patterns generated using design scripting. In addition, current tools do not provide interactive techniques for the design of brickwork patterns that can manage constant changes parametrically, to inform and influence design process, by providing design feedback on the constructive and structural aspects of the proposed brick pattern and geometry. This research looks into the parametric techniques that can be applied to create different kinds of patterns on brick walls. It discusses a methodology for an interactive brickwork design within generative techniques. By integrating data between two computational platforms – the first based on image analysis and the second on parametric modeling, we demonstrate a methodology and application that can generate interactive arbitrary patterns and map it to the brick wall in real-time.
series	ASCAAD
email
last changed	2016/02/15 13:09

_id	caadria2014_161
id	caadria2014_161
authors	Heydarian, Arsalan; Joao P. Carneiro,David Gerber, Burcin Becerik-Gerber, Timothy Hayes and Wendy Wood
year	2014
title	Immersive Virtual Environments: Experiments on Impacting Design and Human Building Interaction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.729
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 729–738
summary	This research prefaces the need for engaging with endusers in early stages of design as means to achieve higher performing designs with an increased certainty for enduser satisfaction. While the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) community has previously used virtual reality, the primary use has been for coordination and visualization of Building Information Models (BIM). This work builds upon the value of use of virtual environments in AEC processes but asks the research question "how can we better test and measure design alternatives through the integration of immersive virtual reality into our digital and physical mock up workflows? " The work is predicated on the need for design exploration through associative parametric design models, as well as, testing and measuring design alternatives with human subjects. The paper focuses on immersive virtual environments (IVEs) and presents a literature review of the use of virtual environments for integrating enduser feedback during the design stage. In a controlled pilot experiment, the authors find that human participants perform similarly in IVE and the physical environment in everyday tasks. The participants indicated they felt a strong sense of "presence" in IVE. In the future, the authors plan on using IVE to explore the integration of multi agent systems to impact building design performance and occupant satisfaction.
keywords	Virtual Reality; Prototyping; Design Technology; Immersive Virtual Environments; Feedback
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2014_054
id	caadria2014_054
authors	Holzer, Dominik
year	2014
title	BIM and Parametric Design as Game Changers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.379
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 379–388
summary	This paper explores the effects of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Parametric Design on the distribution of roles and responsibility in architectural practice. It will do so in consideration of the epistemological changes associated to new skillsets young graduates bring into practice and their positioning among experienced professionals on project teams. On one hand the paper will scrutinise how the use of BIM and Parametric design influences design and delivery of projects, their impacts on practice culture, and the associated roledistribution on project teams. On the other hand the paper will discuss to what extent academic institutions can or should respond to the challenges and the opportunities inherent to these changes in practice. A number of responses to the challenges and opportunities will be presented by the author for further consideration by others.
keywords	Parametric Design; BIM; Epistemology; Practice; Academic Curriculum; Teaching
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	sigradi2014_132
id	sigradi2014_132
authors	Hu, Yongheng; Qinying Li, Feng Yuang, Han Li
year	2014
title	The BIM based Responsive Environmental Performance Design Methodology
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 120-125
summary	The concept of “families” lies in the core of internal data structure in Building Information Modeling (BIM). The elements of this modeling platform are all associated with each other as parts of the “families”, independent of their geometrical structure, materiality, parametric dependencies or their physical connection to other elements. Through the associations introduced among the parameters of the ‘families’ members, this study aims at establishing a methodology for a multi-objective evaluation of the environmental performance of the building as an organism. The methodology is founded on a system of different values and weights attributed to the parameters of the families members which are adjusted and fine-tuned through a series of iterations, thus affecting the overall building performance towards an optimum goal. The performance evaluation method used in the “families” methodology is not limited to the individual assessment of the environmental performance objectives or to an integrated multi-objective weighting mechanism; as an overall evaluation platform it checks and balances the individual characteristics of the system not as static conclusive results but as dynamic criteria intended to guide the overall design and building process. The importance of this paper lies in the construction of a concrete methodological set of tools for the assessment of the environmental performance of the building. It will lead the way in independent research in the field of architectural design and the development of ecological thinking and building in China.
keywords	BIM ‘families’; Multi-Objective Generic Algorithm; Environmental Performance Simulation; Multi-Objective Environmental Performance Optimization
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:53

_id	cf2015_347
id	cf2015_347
authors	Krakhofer, Stefan
year	2015
title	Closing the Loop: From Analysis to Transformation within BIM
source	The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 347-357.
summary	The shift from traditional CAD to BIM has created a significant potential to embed optimization processes in many stages of the design. The presented research is situated in the early design stage of inception and concept, focusing on analysis-driven-form-finding during the integrated design approach within a BIM environment. A custom analysis framework, has been developed and linked to a visual programming environment that allows the exchange of data with the parametric components of a BIM environment. The developed workflow and sequential split of functionalities enables a shared design environment for multiple experts and the design-team. The environment is intended to close the loop from analysis to parametric modeling in order to generate and evaluate building designs against performance criteria, with the aim to expedite the design decision process. The prototype has been presented to participants of the Deep-Space Cluster at SmartGeometry 2014.
keywords	Algorithmic Design, Parametric Design, Parametric Analysis, Building Information Modeling, Design Automation.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2015/06/29 07:55

_id	ecaade2014_206
id	ecaade2014_206
authors	Mark J. Clayton, Geoffrey Booth, Jong Bum Kim and Saied Zarrinmehr
year	2014
title	The Fusion of BIM and Quadruple Net Value Analysis for Real Estate Development Feasibility Assessment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.445
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 445-453
summary	Real estate development may benefit from a decision-support software system that is implemented with Building Information Modelling to perform Quadruple Net Value Analysis. Schemes may be created rapidly using BIM and parametric modeling. They may be assessed for economic, social, and environmental factors using spreadsheets and simulation software. They may be assessed for sensory value by using an immersive visualization system. The idea has been tested as a proof of concept in undergraduate and graduate design studios. It appears to be easy to use for students and effective in directing attention to the four factors and obtaining objective measurements.
wos	WOS:000361385100047
keywords	Real estate development; building information modelling; immersive visualization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2014_224
id	ecaade2014_224
authors	Mohammad Rahmani Asl, Michael Bergin, Adam Menter and Wei Yan
year	2014
title	BIM-based Parametric Building Energy Performance Multi-Objective Optimization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.455
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 455-464
summary	Building energy performance assessments are complex multi-criteria problems. Appropriate tools that can help designers explore design alternatives and assess the energy performance for choosing the most appropriate alternative are in high demand. In this paper, we present a newly developed integrated parametric Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based system to interact with cloud-based whole building energy performance simulation and daylighting tools to optimize building energy performance using a Multi-Objective Optimization (MOO) algorithm. This system enables designers to explore design alternatives using a visual programming interface, while assessing the energy performance of the design models to search for the most appropriate design. A case study of minimizing the energy use while maximizing the appropriate daylighting level of a residential building is provided to showcase the utility of the system and its workflow.
wos	WOS:000361385100048
keywords	Building energy performance analysis; building information model (bim); parametric modelling; parametric energy simulation; multi-objective optimization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2014_127
id	ecaade2014_127
authors	Vasco Alexandre Pereira and Alexandra Paio
year	2014
title	The architectural design process: an intuitive modeling in BIM's parametric design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.405
source	Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 405-410
summary	The digital era has brought many changes in the architectural research and practice. Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools are offering now a wide range of benefits in the AECO industry. This paper aims is not to do an evaluation on efficiency gains or the advantages of adopting BIM, but to suggest a design methodology using BIM software tools, throughout all phases of the architectural design process. With the constant advances in technology and with new conceptual design tools, became urgent the exploration of the potentialities of an intuitive design within BIM technology. This paper addresses the above question by suggesting an experimental methodology to implement an intuitive modeling in BIM's parametric design.
wos	WOS:000361385100042
keywords	Bim; parametric design; design process
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2014_070
id	sigradi2014_070
authors	Velandia, Diego Alejandro
year	2014
title	Proyecto 100/100: experiencia de modelado paramétrico como una opción adaptable de BIM para países en desarrollo [100/100 Project: an experience of parametric modeling as a flexible option of BIM for developing countries]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 365-369
summary	Quality observatory of new housing was created by a collaborative effort between the University of the Andes and Prodesa (building company). From 2005 to 2014 about 800 new housing projects have been evaluated whose results evidenced quality problems. In 2013, a new housing project, which integrated quality criteria from the quality observatory, was commissioned to Universidad de los Andes by Prodesa. Parametric modeling was proposed and applied as a useful tool in the variables integration and the decision making process, to integrate and guarantee quality.
keywords	BIM; housing; parametric
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 10:02

_id	ecaade2024_167
id	ecaade2024_167
authors	Alammar, Ammar; Alymani, Abdulrahman; Jabi, Wassim
year	2024
title	Building Energy Efficiency Estimations with Random Forest for Single and Multi-Zones
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.365
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 365–374
summary	Surrogate models (SM) present an opportunity for rapid assessment of a building's performance, surpassing the pace of simulation-based methods. Setting up a simulation for a single concept involves defining numerous parameters, disrupting the architect's creative flow due to extended simulation run times. Therefore, this research explores integrating building energy analysis with advanced machine learning techniques to predict heating and cooling loads (KWh/m2) for single and multi-zones in buildings. To generate the dataset, the study adopts a parametric generative workflow, building upon Chou and Bui's (2014) methodology. This dataset encompasses multiple building forms, each with unique topological connections and attributes, ensuring a thorough analysis across varied building scenarios. These scenarios undergo thermal simulation to generate data for machine learning analysis. The study primarily utilizes Random Forest (RF) as a new technique to estimate the heating and cooling loads in buildings, a critical factor in building energy efficiency. Following that, A random search approach is utilized to optimize the hyperparameters, enhancing the robustness and accuracy of the machine learning models employed later in the research. The RF algorithms demonstrate high performance in predicting heating and cooling loads (KWh/m2), contributing to enhanced building energy efficiency. The study underscores the potential of machine learning in optimizing building designs for energy efficiency.
keywords	Heating and Cooling loads, Topology, Machine learning, Random Forest
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	sigradi2014_036
id	sigradi2014_036
authors	Anderson, Jonathon; Ming Tang
year	2014
title	Crafting Soft Geometry: Form and Materials Informing Analog and Digital Craft Processes
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 183-186
summary	This paper outlines a methodology that adds to current craft-based discourse in the digital age. It proposes pedagogy centered on a constant examining of the parametric relationships between form, material, and load. The paper illustrates how materials and loads were integrated as datasets into “soft geometry” modeling and installation pipelines that further explore a hybrid process that incorporates materials and craftsmanship. The results expand the boundary of conventional static form and spatial interaction within the deformation rules (material and force) while seeking form through the exploration of both digital simulation and analog techniques.
keywords	Digital-physical; craft; soft geometry; form; material
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia14_317
id	acadia14_317
authors	Andrew, Mullenix, Ryan
year	2014
title	Digitally Designing Collaboration: Computational Approaches to Process, Practice, and Product
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.317
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 317-326
summary	In this paper we present recent experiences, research and thinking at NBBJ on the topic of collaboration, and how parametric models and algorithmic tools can facilitate and shape the collaboration between designers, between designers and clients, and between the end users of architecture.
keywords	Design Computation Best Practices, Collaborative Design Agency, Parametric Modeling, Architect-Client Relationships, Multi-User Parametric Modeling, Practice-based computational design research, Design Decision Making
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2014_021
id	sigradi2014_021
authors	Araujo, André L.; Wilson Barbosa Neto, Gabriela Celani
year	2014
title	Treliças espaciais metálicas: combinação de parâmetros formais e materiais nos estágios iniciais do processo de projeto [Spatial steel trusses: Integrating structural pre-dimensioning requirements in the early stages of the parametric design]
source	SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 355-359
summary	The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the topics most discussed in the complex shapes design. While some design tools allow the designer to begin with an inefficient form and then turn it into a more efficient one, other tools allow exploring and creating structural forms considering both formal and structural aspects from the beginning. This paper presents a parametric design approach to create spatial steel trusses with the combination of two strategies: (1) shell surface to set out structural elements; (2) cross section properties to ensure structural stability aspects. In this paper we discuss how the combination of these strategies can contribute to the use of parametric design techniques in the early stages of the design process, taking into account both structural optimization and production aspects.
keywords	Structural design; Spatial Structures; Tubular trusses; Parametric Design; Dimensioning
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ijac201412302
id	ijac201412302
authors	Baerlecken, Daniel; Russell Gentry, Matthew Swarts, et al.
year	2014
title	Structural, Deployable Folds - Design and Simulation of Biological Inspired Folded Structures
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 3, 243-262
summary	This paper presents a concept of folding as a form-generator for a structural system that allows the ability to deploy large spanning structures. The presented approach studies the embedded kinetic possibilities of folded structures and focuses on a parametric modeling process that allows structural performance evaluation of different types of the same origami family in order to optimize the geometry for a given scenario. The workflow between scripting based form generation - within Rhinoceros and Excel - and LS-DYNA is presented in detail. Additionally, within the context of an architectural project we discuss the question of scalability from a thin microstructure to a thickened roof structure.
series	journal
last changed	2019/05/24 09:55

_id	caadria2014_226
id	caadria2014_226
authors	Barrios, Carlos R.
year	2014
title	Parametric Visualization and Navigation in Multidimensional Spaces
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.543
source	Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 543–552
summary	This paper presents a visual model to increase visualization and efficiency when working with parametric models. The formalistic model allows to visually track all possible variations of parameters in a logical structure showing all design variations at once. The paper introduces background information on typical arrangements of parametric modeling instances showing their limitations; presents the formalistic model for logical arrangement in multidimensional structures showing its advantages; and discusses an example of the application of the formalistic model showing a logical arrangements of designs in a hypercube matrix.
keywords	Parametric Modeling; Parametric Design; Parametric Variations, Parametric Visualization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2014_030
id	sigradi2014_030
authors	Borges, Marina Ferreira; Ricardo Hallal Fakury
year	2014
title	Processo iterativo de design paramétrico e projeto estrutural aplicado ao desenvolvimento de torre eólica [Iterative process of parametric design and structural project applied to the development of lattice and wind power]
source	SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 35-38
summary	This article proposes to study the process of parametric design integrated analysis and structural design. This application model is called Performative Model; the form is generated based on performance criteria. The digital tools facilitate the information flow between designers using parametric model and Finite Element Analysis. To research the method of Performative Model is proposed the development of a conceptual framework of lattice wind tower with the aim of a quantitative and qualitative structure optimization. Therefore, the parametric modeling will be done using Rhinoceros software, the plugin for creating algorithms Grasshoper and structural analysis plugin Scan & Solve.
keywords	Performative model; Parametric model; Finite Element Analysis; Lattice Wind Tower
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	acadia14_333
id	acadia14_333
authors	Briscoe, Danelle
year	2014
title	Parametric Planting: Green Wall System Research + Design using BIM
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.333
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 333-338
summary	Parametric planning and planting methodologies challenge the capabilities of Building Information Modelling (BIM) as a design tool; experimenting with alternative file types along with visualization from a Autodesk Revit Material Editor and visual programming plug-in Dynamo workflow.
keywords	BIM, parametric, landscape, bio-wall, component, collaboration
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia14projects_55
id	acadia14projects_55
authors	Carlow, Jason
year	2014
title	Parametric Façade Systems: Performance-Driven design for ultra-thin buildings in Hong Kong
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.055
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 55-58
summary	Through design research, analysis and modeling, the project seeks to distort the standardizing forces of building code limitations, economic concerns and mass production on the built environment. The project presents a proposal for an extremely thin building type that features a more responsive, better integrated façade developed with parametric design tools.
keywords	Parametric Design, Pre-fabrication, Façade Systems, Digital Fabrication, Linear Domesticity, Building Code
series	ACADIA
type	Research Projects
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia14_365
id	acadia14_365
authors	Cheng, Nancy Yen-wen; Lockyear, Brian
year	2014
title	Communicating Climate-Smart Scenarios with Data-Driven Illustrations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.365
source	ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 365-374
summary	This paper describes how to generate accessible streetscape illustrations from planning scenario maps using a parametric urban modeler in a graphics workflow. The project connects economic forecasting, GIS mapping, and 3D architectural graphics.
keywords	Planning Visualization, Parametric Urban Modeling, , Practice-based and Interdisciplinary Computational Design Research
series	ACADIA
type	Normal Paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2023_000
id	ecaade2023_000
authors	Dokonal, Wolfgang, Hirschberg, Urs and Wurzer, Gabriel
year	2023
title	eCAADe 2023 Digital Design Reconsidered - Volume 1
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.001
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, 905 p.
summary	The conference logo is a bird’s eye view of spiral stairs that join and separate – an homage to the famous double spiral staircase in Graz, a tourist attraction of this city and a must-see for any architecturally minded visitor. Carved out of limestone, the medieval construction of the original is a daring feat of masonry as well as a symbolic gesture. The design speaks of separation and reconciliation: The paths of two people that climb the double spiral stairs separate and then meet again at each platform. The relationship between architectural design and the growing digital repertoire of tools and possibilities seems to undergo similar cycles of attraction and rejection: enthusiasm about digital innovations – whether in Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Energy Design, Robotic Fabrication, the many Dimensions of BIM or, as right now, in AI and Machine Learning – is typically followed by a certain disillusionment and a realization that the promises were somewhat overblown. But a turn away from these digital innovations can only be temporary. In our call for papers we refer to the first and second ‘digital turns’, a term Mario Carpo coined. Yes, it’s a bit of a pun, but you could indeed see these digital turns in our logo as well. Carpo would probably agree that design and the digital have become inseparably intertwined. While they may be circling in different directions, an innovative rejoinder is always just around the corner. The theme of the conference asked participants to re-consider the relationship between Design and the Digital. The notion of a cycle is already present in the syllable “re”. Indeed, 20 years earlier, in 2003, we held an ECAADE conference in Graz simply under the title “Digital Design” and our re-using – or is it re-cycling? – the theme can be seen as the completion of one of those cycles described above: One level up, we meet again, we’ve come full circle. The question of the relationship between Design and the Digital is still in flux, still worthy of renewed consideration. There is a historical notion implicit in the theme. To reconsider something, one needs to take a step back, to look into the past as well as into the future. Indeed, at this conference we wanted to take a longer view, something not done often enough in the fast-paced world of digital technology. Carefully considering one’s past can be a source of inspiration. In fact, the double spiral stair that inspired our conference logo also inspired many architects through the ages. Konrad Wachsmann, for example, is said to have come up with his famous Grapevine assembly system based on this double spiral stair and its intricate joinery. More recently, Rem Koolhaas deemed the double spiral staircase in Graz important enough to include a detailed model of it in his “elements of architecture” exhibition at the Venice Biennale in 2014. Our interpretation of the stair is a typically digital one, you might say. First of all: it’s a rendering of a virtual model; it only exists inside a computer. Secondly, this virtual model isn’t true to the original. Instead, it does what the digital has made so easy to do: it exaggerates. Where the original has just two spiral stairs that separate and join, our model consists of countless stairs that are joined in this way. We see only a part of the model, but the stairs appear to continue in all directions. The implication is of an endless field of spiral stairs. As the 3D model was generated with a parametric script, it would be very easy to change all parameters of it – including the number of stairs that make it up. Everyone at this conference is familiar with the concept of parametric design: it makes generating models of seemingly endless amounts of connected spiral stairs really easy. Although, of course, if we’re too literal about the term ‘endless’, generating our stair model will eventually crash even the most advanced computers. We know that, too. – That's another truth about the Digital: it makes a promise of infinity, which, in the end, it can’t keep. And even if it could: what’s the point of just adding more of the same: more variations, more options, more possible ways to get lost? Doesn’t the original double spiral staircase contain all those derivatives already? Don’t we know that ‘more’ isn’t necessarily better? In the original double spiral stair the happy end is guaranteed: the lovers’ paths meet at the top as well as when they exit the building. Therefore, the stair is also colloquially known as the Busserlstiege (the kissing stair) or the Versöhnungsstiege (reconciliation stair). In our digitally enhanced version, this outcome is no longer clear: we can choose between multiple directions at each level and we risk losing sight of the one we were with. This is also emblematic of our field of research. eCAADe was founded to promote “good practice and sharing information in relation to the use of computers in research and education in architecture and related professions” (see ecaade.org). That may have seemed a straightforward proposition forty years ago, when the association was founded. A look at the breadth and depth of research topics presented and discussed at this conference (and as a consequence in this book, for which you’re reading the editorial) shows how the field has developed over these forty years. There are sessions on Digital Design Education, on Digital Fabrication, on Virtual Reality, on Virtual Heritage, on Generative Design and Machine Learning, on Digital Cities, on Simulation and Digital Twins, on BIM, on Sustainability, on Circular Design, on Design Theory and on Digital Design Experimentations. We hope you will find what you’re looking for in this book and at the conference – and maybe even more than that: surprising turns and happy encounters between Design and the Digital.
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

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