CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id acadia14projects_235
id acadia14projects_235
authors Ko, Minjae; Hwang, Jie-Eun
year 2014
title Scattered Solid
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.235
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 235-238
summary Scattered solid is a conceptual model consists of a pair of force sources - attractor and repulsor - and particles that possibly bonds together. We hypothesized an abstract or imaginary force field causing particles to move that we can control the tendency of organization by modifying the force fields with a set of parameters such as intensity by distance, time and geometry.
keywords Crystallization, Force Field, Particle, Bond System, Shape-Control, Self-Assembly, Generative, parametric and evolutionary design
series ACADIA
type Student's Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id sigradi2014_314
id sigradi2014_314
authors Schmitt, Isabela Guesser; Luiz Gonzaga Philippi Filho, Regiane Trevisan Pupo
year 2014
title Origamic Architecture: um método de execução [Origamic Architure: a method of execution]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 280-284
summary The origamic architecture consists of a paper architecture technique developed by Masahiro Chatani, which suggests the compilation of three other techniques: origami (fold), Kirigami (cut) and pop-up (mounting). The application of these techniques altogether results in a self-mounted volumetric model made of one sheet of paper. The aim of this paper is to show and explore a method to create 3D representations of architecture buildings as well as sketches through these techniques. The use of CAD systems and laser cut to materialize the models is also discussed.
keywords Origamic; Architecture; laser cut; Materialization; Representation
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:59

_id sigradi2014_273
id sigradi2014_273
authors Chiarella, Mauro; Analía Raffin, Silvina Lopaczek, Sebastian Martini, Nicolas Góngora, Francisco Bressan
year 2014
title Pieles Arquitectónicas Dinámicas. Prototipos a escala mediante prototipado rápido, microcontroladores y patrones plegados [Dynamic architectural skins. Scale prototypes using rapid prototyping, microcontrollers and folding patterns]
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 96-100
summary Contemporary architecture replaces the concept facade by skin: outer layer mediating between the building and its surroundings; active, informed, connected and communicative membrane. Our training and practice in architecture, still working for the rigor and stability of modular geomerías on determinants of a unique spatial and morphological situation passive. In the teaching of architecture in Latin America there are no exercises that incorporate a learning design to create flexible dynamic geometries as possible structures for sensitive skin. The research aims to explore the possibilities and systematize the dynamic folding of planar surfaces using geometric simulation programs (freeform origami, Grasshopper); building scale prototypes (rapid prototyping and arduino microcontroller) and subsequent verification of energy analysis program.
keywords Architectural skin; folded patterns; arduino; rapid prototyping
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:48

_id caadria2014_204
id caadria2014_204
authors Osório, Filipa; Alexandra Paio and Sancho Oliveira
year 2014
title KOS- Kinetic Origami Surface
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.201
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 201–210
summary In an increasingly technological, informed and demanding society Architecture should be able to answer to its space requirements using materials and technological resources that today has at its service. Kinetic systems have been used by architects as an approach that embeds computation intelligence to create flexible and adaptable architectural spaces according to users’ changing needs and desires. This paper describes one possible way of exploring kinetic systems to develop a foldable surface with geometric patterns based on the rules of rigid origami. This surface aims to take advantage of the elastic capacities given to a planar material by its folding. After folding the surface can assume different forms in order to create a range of spatial configurations ordered by a user through a remote control.
keywords Kinetic systems; interactive architecture; origami geome-try; folded surfaces
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2014_029
id ecaade2014_029
authors Filipa Osório, Alexandra Paio and Sancho Oliveira
year 2014
title Interaction with a Kinetic Folded Surface
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.605
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 605-612
summary Kinetic systems offers new perspectives and design innovation in research and practice. These systems have been used by architects as an approach that embeds computation intelligence to create flexible and adaptable architectural spaces according to users changing needs and desires as a way to respond to an increasingly technological society. The presented research attempts to answer to this question based on the results of a multidisciplinary on-going work developed at digital fabrication laboratory Vitruvius Fablab-IUL in Lisbon. The main goal is to explore the transformation of the shape of a construction by mechanisms which allow adaptation either to environmental conditions or to the needs of the user. This paper reports the initial development of a kinetic system based on an origami foldable surface actuated by a user. The user can manipulate a small scale model of the surface and evaluate at all times if it is achieving the desired geometry.
wos WOS:000361385100063
keywords Kinetic systems; interactive architecture; responsive surfaces; origami geometry; folded surfaces
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ascaad2014_033
id ascaad2014_033
authors Al-Mousa , Sukainah Adnan
year 2014
title Temporary Architecture: An urban mirage
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 405-413
summary One of the emerging multidisciplinary contemporary art practices is interactive installation art, which is concerned with constructing a temporary artistic environment that is digital, responsive and engaging. It is usually displayed within existing architectural context whether indoor in a gallery space or outdoor in a public space. Recent examples of such art projects show that interactivity and illusion are effectively present and highly influential in the perception and memory of the place. A digital display on a building façade can remain attached to the history of the site in the spectator’s memory even after the display is removed. An interactive space that involves body response and emotional sensory interaction can determine the narrative perceived from the experience. These trends seemingly bring together the physical context and the digital space to contain the spectator. The two mediums are merged to provide a new genre of space, hence a new mode of perception where the art space mediates people’s movement and overlay the context with new meanings. Multiple backgrounds are involved in the creative process of interactive installation art, all of which involve examining various concepts through artistic engagement with temporary spaces. Here, particularly because of interactivity and immerseveness, the spectator becomes part of the performance (the subject); with his moving and reacting he activates the narrative and probably gives it its shape. This paper aims to explore the potentials of the digital spatial display to enhance or weaken our sense of belonging to the surrounding environments while creating an illusionary space within the real physical one. It also aims to discuss how this influence would affect the memory of the mixed experience; the installation being digital, temporary and illusive and the space being physical, permanent and real. What happens to the “spectator” when contained by the digital-interactive and the physical medium(s)?. In order to unfold the mentioned questions, the study uses theories of perception and performance reflected on live case studies of recent art projects where the researcher becomes a member of the audience and an observer at the same time in order to trace the journey inside this new medium. In an era where time is being more difficult to grasp and identities of visual culture is becoming more difficult to define, temporary responsive environments can provide some openings where space becomes durational, yet, influential, and where people’s movements become more meaningful in the visual terrain.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id ascaad2014_003
id ascaad2014_003
authors Parlac, Vera
year 2014
title Surface Dynamics: From dynamic surface to agile spaces
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 39-48
summary Behavior, adaptation and responsiveness are characteristics of live organisms; architecture on the other hand is structurally, materially and functionally constructed. With the shift from ‘mechanical’ towards ‘organic’ paradigm (Mae-Wan Ho, 1997) attitude towards architectural adaptation, behavior and performance is shifting as well. This change is altering a system of reference and conceptual basis for architecture by suggesting the integration of dynamics – dynamics that don’t address kinetic movement only but include flows of energies, material and information. This paper presents an ongoing research into kinetic material system with the focus on non-mechanical actuation (shape memory alloy) and the structural and material behavior. It proposes an adaptive surface capable of altering its shape and forming small occupiable spaces that respond to external and internal influences and flows of information. The adaptive structure is developed as a physical and digital prototype. Its behavior is examined at a physical level and the findings are used to digitally simulate the behavior of the larger system. The design approach is driven by an interest in adaptive systems in nature and material variability (structural and functional) of naturally constructed materials. The broader goal of the research is to test the scale at which shape memory alloy can be employed as an actuator of dynamic architectural surfaces and to speculate on and explore the capacity of active and responsive systems to produce adaptable surfaces that can form occupiable spaces and with that, added functionalities in architectural and urban environments.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id ascaad2014_021
id ascaad2014_021
authors Sushant, Verma and Pradeep Devadass
year 2014
title Adaptive [skins]: Adaptation through smart systems
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 275-289
summary The project investigates responsive building skin systems that adapt to the dynamic environmental conditions to regulate internal conditions in a habitable space over different periods of time by exhibiting a state of motion and dynamism. Passive and active building skins are developed using shape memory alloys and pneumatic actuators through investigations of smart systems that integrate smart materials and smart geometries. Nitinol springs are integrated in tensegrity systems to actuate the adaptive behaviour, which forms the passive roof system. Owing to the complexity of the multi-parametric system, genetic algorithms are developed for system optimization and calibrated with physical prototypes at varied scales. The developed systems are tested against two distinct climatic models- New Delhi and Barcelona, and evaluated for performance, based on heat and light, which are quantified as solar gain and illuminance as principles, and daylight factor for evaluation purpose. New tool-sets are developed in the process by combining various digital tools, to create a real-time feedback and memory loop system.
series ASCAAD
email
last changed 2016/02/15 13:09

_id sigradi2014_108
id sigradi2014_108
authors Alves, Gilfranco Medeiros; Anja Pratschke
year 2014
title De Uexküll à Pask: a Conversação aplicada à Processos Digitais de Projeto [From Uexküll to Pask: Conversation applied to Didital Design Process]
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 82-85
summary The paper will present one specific aspect of the PhD research called Cibersemiótica e Processos de Projeto: Metodologia em Revisão, funded by FAPESP, which in turn is linked to the Nomads.usp research group of the University of São Paulo. The paper discusses the relevance of communication and information management in the digital design processes from the synchronic study of concepts such as feedback loop, control and self-regulation. These concepts are present in both biosemiotic and interactive design of functional cycle proposed in 1934 by biologist Jakob von Uexküll, as in cybernetic development proposed by Gordon Pask in his sophisticated Conversation Theory in the early 1970’s.
keywords Biosemiotics; Cybernetics; Cybersemiotics; Conversation Theory; functional cycle;
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ecaade2014_113
id ecaade2014_113
authors Burak Pak and Johan Verbeke
year 2014
title ICT-enabled Civic Empowerment and Participation: in Design, through Design
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.089
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 89-97
summary This paper aims to discuss the potentials of novel modes of participatory design in relation to the latest developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The first part of the study involves the extraction of the basic principles from the extraordinary cases of the Medical Faculty Housing by Lucien Kroll (1976) and Cedric Price's Fun Place (1965) in which various forms of ICT-enabled participation were conceived. In the second part, we reframe the existing ICT tools and strategies and elaborate their potentials to support the modes of participation performed in these two cases. As a result, by distilling the created knowledge, we introduce a model of ICT-enabled design participation which exploits a set of collective action tools to support sustainable ways of self-organization and bottom-up design.
wos WOS:000361384700008
keywords Participatory architectural design; crowdsourcing; crowdfunding; self-organization
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2014_149
id ecaade2014_149
authors Matthias Standfest
year 2014
title Unsupervised Symmetric Polygon Mesh Mapping - The Dualism of Mesh Representation and Its Implementation for Many Layered Self-Organizing Map Architectures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.505
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 505-513
summary With this paper we present a fully automated semantic shape similarity detection based on N-rings with further potential for shape synthesis in a topological correct feature space. Therefore a way of symmetric encoding of geometry, optimized for the use as feature-vector in self-organizing maps, is introduced. Furthermore we present a modified kernel for the detection of the best matching unit in self-organizing maps especially designed for a data topology differing from the default predecessor/successor structure. Finally we provide the results of a conducted experiment clustering building blocks of an area in Zürich, Switzerland.
wos WOS:000361384700050
keywords Unsupervised machine learning; geometry clustering; self-organizing map; mesh synthesis; probabilistic modelling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2022_431
id ecaade2022_431
authors Sieder-Semlitsch, Jakob and Nicholas, Paul
year 2022
title Self-Serveying Multi-Robot System for Remote Deposition Modelling
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.233
source Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 233–240
summary The need for increased automation of the AEC sector has been extensively documented within the architectural discipline over recent years. Far beyond economic perspectives, current advances in technology offer an increased and more direct implementation of sustainable materials. Within this research, the potential for the re-use of material with low embodied energy within automated construction will be examined. Herefore, Remote Material Deposition (RDM, firstly described in Dörfler et al., 2014) is utilized as main fabrication method, deploying varying compositions of local building debris, lime mortar, and sand, via a throwing arm. This research explores a method of continuous verification of material deployment and removal of material oversaturation to guarantee accuracy. Herefore, all instances of the robot ecology are in direct communication with one another and the user for verification, adaptation, and information. The proposed framework is examined through experimentation by designing, building, and implementing an inter-communicative network of bespoke semi-autonomous robots with all proposed parts of the system.
keywords Construction Automation, Material Reuse, Onsite Construction, Self Verifying System, Robot Ecology, Additive Manufacturing
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2024/04/22 07:10

_id acadia14_539
id acadia14_539
authors Tibbits, Skylar; McKnelly, Carrie; Olguin, Carlos; Dikovsky, Daniel; Hirsch, Shai
year 2014
title 4D Printing and Universal Transformation
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.539
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 539-548
summary This paper attempts to go beyond existing capabilities in 4D printing to create precise and universal folding techniques that approach a wider range of applications through a series of radically new physical models.
keywords 4D Printing, Multi-Material Printing, Universal Transformation, Active Materials, Material Computation, Self-Reconfiguration
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id sigradi2014_201
id sigradi2014_201
authors Vermillion, Joshua
year 2014
title Physical Computing without the Computing: Small Responsive Prototypes
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 643-646
summary This paper outlines a framework for better understanding the appropriate skills and roles of design students as developed by the author for a one-week short course on the topic of physical computing and design. Severe time constraints forced an examination of how to introduce physical computing to students with novice understandings of these systems and how they work, while maintaining expectations to prototype and produce full-scale spatial installations. This framework allowed the short-course students to deliver focused and well-crafted self-assembling lattice prototypes, while integrating the complexities of human interaction, spatial effects, fabrication, detailing, and prototyping.
keywords Physical computing; Self-assembly; Responsive environments; Design education; Digital fabrication
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 10:02

_id ecaade2014_151
id ecaade2014_151
authors Zeta (Georgia) Kachri and Sean Hanna
year 2014
title Parasitic Ecologies - Algorithmic Space through Diffusion-Limited Aggregation of Truncated Octahedrons
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.539
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 539-546
summary Parasitic architecture allows the creation of flexible structures that feed off existing infrastructure. Additionally, self-organised models that grow in response to environmental forces and adapt to their context introduce new ways for intervening in architectural design. This paper investigates the properties of self-organised parasitic structures that evolve by creating aggregation forms in the context of simulated structural environments. The growth process of the parasitic structures is inspired by the fungal colonies and is based on the rules of diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA) extended to support real-time force analysis and aggregation of space-filling geometry. The results of the simulations demonstrate that the developed diffusion-limited aggregation of truncated octahedrons is capable of providing self-sustained structures able to adapt in environments with different spatial limitations.
wos WOS:000361385100056
keywords Adaptive structural models; parasitic architecture; diffusion-limited aggregation; self-organisation, java
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ijac201412302
id ijac201412302
authors Baerlecken, Daniel; Russell Gentry, Matthew Swarts, et al.
year 2014
title Structural, Deployable Folds - Design and Simulation of Biological Inspired Folded Structures
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 3, 243-262
summary This paper presents a concept of folding as a form-generator for a structural system that allows the ability to deploy large spanning structures. The presented approach studies the embedded kinetic possibilities of folded structures and focuses on a parametric modeling process that allows structural performance evaluation of different types of the same origami family in order to optimize the geometry for a given scenario. The workflow between scripting based form generation - within Rhinoceros and Excel - and LS-DYNA is presented in detail. Additionally, within the context of an architectural project we discuss the question of scalability from a thin microstructure to a thickened roof structure.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id sigradi2014_338
id sigradi2014_338
authors Borges de Vasconselos, Tássia; Adriane Borda Almeida da Silva, Luisa Rodrigues Félix Dalla Vecchia
year 2014
title A parametrização como experiência prévia para a estruturação de métodos projetuais em arquitetura [Parametrization as previous experience for structuring design methods in Architecture]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 297-301
summary This study describes a didactic method for the introduction of parametric design in graphic and digital geometry courses in architectural training. It started with the recognition of the concept of parametric design and the investment in the appropriation of Grasshopper associated with Rhinoceros. Paper folding exercises were configured both physically and in the digital space. Through an interactive dynamic between traditional processes, by hand and digital, and parametric design, a learning path was defined in a playful manner which highlights the differences between methods of representation and its implications for the design action starting from a first semester of training.
keywords Parametric Design; Teaching/learning; Graphic and Digital Geometry; Architecture; Paper Folding
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id ijac201412104
id ijac201412104
authors Stavric, Milena; Albert Wiltsche
year 2014
title Quadrilateral Patterns for Rigid Folding Structures
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 12 - no. 1, 61-80
summary In this paper we will do investigations on spatial quadrilateral meshes developed from folding patterns. The simplicity of manual production in combination with the geometrical complexity of paper folding shall lead to an inspiration for designing architectural structures. We propose geometrical methods for designing these quadrilateral structures which follow in their shape geometrical surfaces. Our methods use folding patterns where only four folding lines meet in one node and every quadrangular part stays flat. This enables simpler solutions for architectural realization in a big scale especially for join connections and assembling of the whole spatial and structural system. In order to understand and handle the complexity of paper folding we use CAD tools to model the structures where the entire folding element is reconstructed and its geometric characteristics are controlled. This kind of control reflects on scale models. Models are then adjusted, examined and built to reach certain further geometric conclusions that are once more tested in CAD software.
series journal
last changed 2019/05/24 09:55

_id acadia14projects_27
id acadia14projects_27
authors Kim, Heamin; Zhenhuan, Xu; Heng, Zhang
year 2014
title Formative Tectonic Screen: Craft In Digital Age
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.027
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 27-30
summary The Formative Tectonic Screen Project’, we will illustrate the advantage that we can achieve by applying computation to Origami. By doing so, we can easily manipulate the surface plan by applying computation design and we can see how the origami 2D plan will come up to 3dimensional in real time simulation.
keywords Digital Fabrication, Origami, Kangaroo, Computation Design
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id ecaade2014_122
id ecaade2014_122
authors Sophia Vyzoviti and Nicolas Remy
year 2014
title Acoustically Efficient Origami Based Partitions for Open Plan Spaces - Developing a Design Tool
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.487
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 487-494
summary The paper investigates the management of acoustic and privacy problems in open-plan spaces through the implementation of lightweight architectural partitions developed by origami tessellations. Integrating knowledge from parametric modelling, acoustics and design for user needs, a design tool for acoustically efficient, flexible, interior partition systems is developed. The paper elaborates on three components of the design tool: form generation, acoustic performance and spatial performance. The form generation component employs parametric models of origami tessellations to generate the partition system. The acoustic performance component employs acoustic simulation and prediction to regulate the containing volume as well as the system's surface materials. The spatial performance component evaluates form and material through qualitative criteria for privacy and flexibility according to user needs.
wos WOS:000361384700048
keywords Parametric origami; acoustic design; interior partition systems, design tool development
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

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