CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id caadria2014_201
id caadria2014_201
authors Cabrinha, Mark N.
year 2014
title Lattice Shell Methodologies
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.191
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 191–200
summary This paper outlines a working methodology for the parametric development of lattice shell structures combining surface topology and form-finding with the material constraints of straight lath members woven into a geodesic network. By employing non-uniform grid spacing, a wider typology of spatial types can be employed than can be achieved with traditional flat-matt lattice shell construction. As a parametric design tool and working methodology, some of the heavy lifting in form-finding and geodesic analysis can be off-loaded to the tool, such that a more comprehensive attention can be placed on other design criteria such as spatial development and environmental response while maintaining the elegance and economy of lattice shells.
keywords gridshells; geodesics; form-finding; bending-active structures; wood; digital fabrication
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia14_661
id acadia14_661
authors Corazza, Marco; Doshi, Viral; Korner, Axel; Tabassun, Mehnaj
year 2014
title Fiber Composite Fabrication: Experimental Methods of Architectural Applications
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.661
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 661-670
summary Due to availability and the production costs of current fabrication methods, fiber reinforced composites are used primarily in specialized fields with limited applications in architecture. The aim of the research is to present an exploration in low-tech fabrication techniques in conjunction with geometrical optimization of a large-scale typology within extreme environmental conditions.
keywords fiber composites, digital fabrication, material computation, computational fluid dynamics, shell structures, structural optimization
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia14projects_31
id acadia14projects_31
authors Vazquez, Alicia Nahmad; Inamura, Chikara; Zabel, Joshua; El Sayed, Mostafa; Sondergaard, Asbjorn; Bhooshan, Shajay
year 2014
title Topologically Optimized Concrete Shell Structure
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.031
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 31-34
summary This prototype – a topologically optimised concrete shell - aimed to extend the rich legacy of form-finding to adequately represent the complexities of scale, digital designsystems and delivery mechanisms of contemporary architectural practice. It explores synergies in early design between architecture, structuralengineering, and manufacturing.
keywords Craft in the digital age, simulation + intuition, collective intelligence in design, material logics and tectonics, computational design research and education, digital fabrication and construction, practice based and interdisciplinary computational design research.
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia14_209
id acadia14_209
authors Huang, Alvin; Lewis, Stephen
year 2014
title Nearly Minimal: How intuition and analysis inform the minimal surface geometries in the Pure Tension Pavilion
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.209
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 209-218
summary This paper focuses on the application of tool, exploration of technique, and subsequent development of an informed design intuition for generating "near" minimal surface structures in the design, development and construction of the Pure Tension Pavilion.
keywords Form-finding, Mesh Relaxation, Kangaroo, Intuition, structural analysis
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id acadia14_375
id acadia14_375
authors Maxwell, Iain; Pigram, David; Egholm-Pedersen, Ole
year 2014
title Fabrication Aware Form-Finding: A Combined Quasi-Reciprocal Timber and Discontinious Post-tensioned Concrete Structure
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.375
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 375-383
summary This paper describes innovations in fabrication-aware form-finding applied to two novel construction methods: one for quasi-reciprocal timber frames, the other for post-tensioned precast concrete structures. A pavilion which applies all innovations serves as a case study.
keywords Fabrication-aware form-finding, precast concrete, reciprocal frame, multi-axis timber construction, material logics and tectonics, digital fabrication
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id acadia14projects_127
id acadia14projects_127
authors Pantazis, Evangelos; Gerber, David Jason; Pantazis, Jason
year 2014
title Material Swarm Articulations: The New View Reciprocal Frame Canopy
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.127
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 127-130
summary NEW VIEW is a pavilion structure that explores how a swarm driven and form found tectonic system is applied to a non-uniform parametric reciprocal frame structure can be combined with material properties, the vernacular and fabrication techniques in order to design and construct novel spatial structures through a material swarm articulation.
keywords Form Finding, Generative Design, Parametric design, Digital Fabrication, Agent Based Systems, Craft in a Digital Age, Material Tectonics
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2014_233
id ecaade2014_233
authors Evangelos Pantazis and David Gerber
year 2014
title Material Swarm Articulations - New View Reciprocal Frame Canopy
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.463
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 463-473
summary Material Swarm Articulations, is an experiment in developing a multi-objective optimization system that incorporates bottom up approaches for informing architectural design. The paper presents an initial built project that demonstrates the combination of a structural form finding method, with an agent based design system through the digital fabrication processes. The objective of this research is to develop a workflow combined with material and construction constraints that has the potential to increase performance objectives while enabling geometric complexity and design driven articulation of a traditional tectonic system. The emphasis of the research at this stage is to take advantage of material properties and assembly methods applied to a digital design and simulation workflow that enables emergent patterns to influence the performance of the space.The paper illustrates the research through a prototype of a self standing canopy structure in 1:1 scale. It presents results of the form finding, generative patterning, digital fabrication affordances and sets and agenda for next steps in the use of multi-agent systems for design purposes.
wos WOS:000361384700046
keywords Computational design; agent-based system; digital fabrication; parametric design; reciprocal frames; form finding; multi-objective optimization, multi-agent systems for design
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id sigradi2014_123
id sigradi2014_123
authors Hu, Yongheng; Qinying Li
year 2014
title Study on an Architect-Oriented approach of Structural Performance-based Design
source SIGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay- Montevideo 12,13,14 November 2014, pp. 111-114
summary For most architects, it is not easy to transform their free form of designs into constructable building without precise knowledge structural design and more often the architect need ask structural engineer for consultation. Yet the structural performance of building itself provides possibility for the architect to explore a new form-finding procedure and An approach is introduced in this article and it could be adopted by architects concerning the works of predicting the structural performance in the early design stage. The approach has been developed throughout the architecture history and recently it turns into a computational methodology for architectural design. This article analysis the structural performance design history in architect’s view, compares and explain the current Structural performance-based design methodology and evaluate its value for architecture design.
keywords Performance-Based Design; Structural Optimization; Form-Finding; Computational Design; Tectonic Innovation
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id ecaade2014_080
id ecaade2014_080
authors Sevil Yazici
year 2014
title Efficiency in Architectural Geometry Informed by Materials
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.1.547
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 547-554
summary Although some studies investigate physics-based dynamic systems to generate structurally efficient forms by incorporating geometry with performance requirements, there is a gap in the field questioning on how to link structurally efficient architectural geometry with mechanical properties of materials. The aim of this paper is to question the possibility of generating an information loop in which Young's Modulus, stiffness of the material may both inform the form-finding process and the structural performance simulation. The proposed method offers steps including form-finding, series of analyses applied for architectural geometry and structural performance, as well as optimization. Based on the simulation results, efficiency values are calculated driven by the use of different materials. The significance of incorporating material properties in the early design stage is underlined, by comparing differences, whether the stiffness of material informs the form-finding process or not.
wos WOS:000361384700054
keywords Form-finding; material; architectural geometry; finite element method; optimization
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id acadia14projects_51
id acadia14projects_51
authors Sugihara, Satoru
year 2014
title A(g)ntense : Installation of swarm formation and agent based self-optimization of tensile and compression structure
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.051
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 51-54
summary A(g)ntense installation is an experiment to take an agent-based approach to structurally integrated architectural design through simulation of material physics simulation agents and generative form-finding agents based on the swarm algorithm.
keywords Multi Agent Systems in Design, Material Agency, Simulation + Intuition, Generative Design, Material Logics and Tectonics, Digital fabrication and construction
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id sigradi2014_021
id sigradi2014_021
authors Araujo, André L.; Wilson Barbosa Neto, Gabriela Celani
year 2014
title Treliças espaciais metálicas: combinação de parâmetros formais e materiais nos estágios iniciais do processo de projeto [Spatial steel trusses: Integrating structural pre-dimensioning requirements in the early stages of the parametric design]
source SiGraDi 2014 [Proceedings of the 18th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISBN: 978-9974-99-655-7] Uruguay - Montevideo 12 - 14 November 2014, pp. 355-359
summary The integration of structural considerations in architectural geometry processing is among the topics most discussed in the complex shapes design. While some design tools allow the designer to begin with an inefficient form and then turn it into a more efficient one, other tools allow exploring and creating structural forms considering both formal and structural aspects from the beginning. This paper presents a parametric design approach to create spatial steel trusses with the combination of two strategies: (1) shell surface to set out structural elements; (2) cross section properties to ensure structural stability aspects. In this paper we discuss how the combination of these strategies can contribute to the use of parametric design techniques in the early stages of the design process, taking into account both structural optimization and production aspects.
keywords Structural design; Spatial Structures; Tubular trusses; Parametric Design; Dimensioning
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id caadria2014_124
id caadria2014_124
authors Williams, Nicholas; Sascha Bohnenberger and John Cherrey
year 2014
title A System for Collaborative Design on Timber Gridshells
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.441
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 441–450
summary The bent timber laths of the Sound Bites gridshell create two types of performance space over an area of almost 100 m2. Such postformed gridshells are a wellestablished design solution for creating curved forms from linear elements. Extending principles developed since the 1970s, contemporary digital tools have been utilised to drive a renewed interest in them, primarily through so-called form-finding techniques which connect digital and material models through a simulation of shape under bending loads (Nettlebladt, 2013) and the definition of efficient structural geometry acting under compression loads only (Hernandez et. al., 2012). This paper describes the workflow conceived and implemented for the Sound Bites structure. A central challenge of the research was for such a workflow to allow for the principles of gridshell design to be engaged in parallel to other tight constraints and design drivers. As such it needed to facilitate close collaboration between architectural, engineering and fabrication experts. This workflow was tested in the design and realisation of the full-scale structure within a six-week period. The gridshell design was developed through the manipulation of the shape of two edge profiles and the shell form spanning between these. Architectural and fabrication constraints were met and the workflow allowed for a sufficient level of structural analysis to be fed back to inform the design.
keywords Digital Workflow; Collaborative Design; Digital Formfinding; Digital Fabrication
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ascaad2014_036
id ascaad2014_036
authors Assassi, Abdelhalim; Belal Taher and Samai Rachida
year 2014
title Intelligent Digital Craft to Recognize Spatial Installations for Residential Designs: Approach to Understand the Design of Housing Barbaric in Algeria using the Majali Composition Software
source Digital Crafting [7th International Conference Proceedings of the Arab Society for Computer Aided Architectural Design (ASCAAD 2014 / ISBN 978-603-90142-5-6], Jeddah (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia), 31 March - 3 April 2014, pp. 195-196; 443-456
summary Architecture took an evolutionary context over time, where designers were interested in finding pragmatic spontaneous appropriate solutions and met the needs of people in urban and architectural spaces. Whereas, in modern architecture an intense and varied competition happens between architects through various currents of thoughts , schools and movements, however, that creativity was the ultimate goal , and a the same time we find that every architect distinguishes himself individually or collectively through tools of architectural expression and design representation adopting a school of thought, using , for example, the leaves of various sizes and diverse technical drawing tools to accurately show that he can be read by professionals or craftsmen outside the geographical scope to which it belongs .With the rapid technological development which accompanied the digital craft in the contemporary world , The digital craft summed up time, distance and tools , so they gave the concept more appropriate accuracy , as virtualization has become the most effective tool for Architecture To reach the ideal and typical results at the practical level, or pure research. At the level of residential design and on the grounds that housing plays an important role in the government policies and given that housing is a basic unit common to all urban communities on earth , the use of different programs to show its typicality in two dimensions or in the third dimension - for example, using software "AutoCAD " " 3D Max " , " ArchiCAD " ... etc. - gave virtualisation smart, creative and beautiful forms which lead to better understand the used /or to be used residential spaces, and thus the conclusion that the life system of dwelling under design or under study , as can specifically recognize spatial structure in housing design - using digital software applying "Space Syntax" for example - in the shadow of slowly growing digital and creative development with the help of high-speed computers . the morphological structure of the dwelling is considered to be the most important contemporary residential designs Investigation through which the researcher in this area aims to understand the various behavioral relations and social structures within the projected residential area, using Space Syntax techniques. Through the structural morphology of dwellings can be inferred quality networks, levels of connectivity and depth and places of openness or closure within the dwelling under study, or under design. How, then, have intelligently contributed this digital craft to the perception of those spatial fixtures ? The aim of this research is to apply an appropriate program in the field of vernacular residential design and notably Space syntax which relate to the understanding and analysis of spatial structures, and also demonstrate its role at the morphological and spatial structure aspects, and prove how effective it helps to understand the social logic of domestic space through social individual/collective relationships and behaviors projected on the spatial configurations of dwellings. The answer to the issue raised above and at the methodological aspect, the study discussed the application of space syntax techniques on the subject. The findings tend to prove the efficiency by comparing samples of Berber vernacular domestic spaces from the Mzab, the Aures and Kabilya in Algeria, and has also led to ascertain the intelligibility of space syntax techniques in reading the differences between the behaviors in domestic spaces in different areas of the sample through long periods of time .
series ASCAAD
type normal paper
email
last changed 2021/07/16 10:39

_id caadria2014_102
id caadria2014_102
authors Lopes, João V.; Alexandra C. Paio and José P. Sousa
year 2014
title Parametric Urban Models Based on Frei Otto’s Generative Form-Finding Processes
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2014.595
source Rethinking Comprehensive Design: Speculative Counterculture, Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2014) / Kyoto 14-16 May 2014, pp. 595–604
summary Presently there is a progressive tendency to incorporate parametric design strategies in urban planning and design. Although the computational technologies that allow it are recent, fundamental theories and thinking processes behind it can be traced back to the work conducted at the Institute for Lightweight Structures (IL) in Stuttgart, between the 1960’s and 1980’s. This paper describes an experimental urban research work based on Frei Otto and Eda Schaur's thoughts on unplanned settlements, and on the form-finding experiences carried out at IL. By exploring the digital development of parametric and algorithmic interactive models, two urban design proposals were developed for a site in Porto city. Out of this experience, this paper suggests that today the act of design can benefit from a deeper understanding of the natural processes of occupation and connection.
keywords Parametric urbanism; generative design; form-finding; Frei Otto
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id ecaade2014_141
id ecaade2014_141
authors Martin Tamke, Morten Myrup Jensen, Jakob Beetz, Thomas Krijnen and Dag Fjeld Edvardsen
year 2014
title Building Information Deduced - State and potentials for Information query in Building Information Modelling
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2014.2.375
source Thompson, Emine Mine (ed.), Fusion - Proceedings of the 32nd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Department of Architecture and Built Environment, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, UK, 10-12 September 2014, pp. 375-384
summary In recent years, Building Information Models have become commonplace in building profession. The extensive use and increasing experience with BIM models offers new perspectives and potentials for design and planning. A recent stakeholder study conducted by the authors of this paper show that in practice models are no longer solely observed as culmination of knowledge in a 3d representation of future built structures, but as a source of information in itself. Experienced users of BIM want to Find Information within a model or across a set of these and Compare models in order to evaluate states of a model, differences in separate models or models from different point of time. Current BIM tools support both modes only in a rudimentary form. This paper discusses current modes of information query within and across BIM models, shows beneficial scenarios for building and planning practice through customised queries and exemplifies these on the base of a scripted tool. This customized approach is used to test approaches for a machine-based assessment of Level of detail and BIM-readiness in BIM models.
wos WOS:000361385100039
keywords Building information modelling; bim; ifc; openbim; information query; data extraction
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id acadia14_177
id acadia14_177
authors Schwinn, Tobias; Krieg, Oliver David; Menges, Achim
year 2014
title Behavioral Strategies: Synthesizing design computation and robotic fabrication of lightweight timber plate structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.177
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 177-188
summary The paper presents the research and development related to the “Landesgartenschau Exhibition Hall”, a built case study for a light-weight timber plate structure consisting of beech plywood plates. The paper describes the integrative design and robotic fabrication methods with a particular focus on the behavioral design approach.
keywords agent-based modeling, light-weight construction, optimization, robotic fabrication, tangent plane intersection, timber plate structure
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia14projects_39
id acadia14projects_39
authors Stojanovic, Djordje
year 2014
title Soft to Hard Canopy: Making large-span tridimensional structures from short timber elements
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.039
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Projects of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9789126724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 39-42
summary This poster presents work in progress. The first panel shows perspective rendering of the tridimensional timber structure while the second panel shows drawings, model photos and demonstrates the use of Spider custom developed software extension for Rhino Platform.
keywords Craft in a Digital Age, elastic material behavior, structural optimization, tridimensional timber structure, full-scale models, Spider for Rhino
series ACADIA
type Research Projects
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaade2015_143
id ecaade2015_143
authors Symeonidou, Ioanna
year 2015
title Flexible Matter - A Real-Time Shape Exploration Employing Analogue and Digital Form-Finding of Tensile Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.135
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 135-142
summary The paper presents a research on real-time shape exploration employing analogue and digital form-finding and concludes with a proposal for a teaching methodology that led to an intensive student workshop which took place at Graz University of Technology during 2014. The aim was to experiment with analogue and digital tools in parallel, counter-informing the design process. The experiments involved physical form-finding following the tradition of Frei Otto at the Institute of Lightweight Structures in Stuttgart as well as computational form-finding employing mainly dynamic relaxation techniques of spring-particle systems. The combination of techniques and methodologies eventually led to a feedback loop across different media that explored both qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the projects at hand. By establishing feedback between digital media and physical prototypes, the creative process is immediately informed by the material characteristics and properties which in turn give rise to a real-time exploration of form.Simulations of physical forces for architectural form generation are increasingly gaining ground in architectural education as there is a broad selection of computational tools readily available that allow quick experiments to be conducted.
wos WOS:000372316000017
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=12e288be-6e8c-11e5-a73c-5fc23ebf2095
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id acadia14_523
id acadia14_523
authors Tracy, Kenneth; Yogiaman, Christine; Tessmer, Lavender
year 2014
title Tensile Effects: Semi-rigid concrete formwork
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.523
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 523-530
summary This paper describes ongoing research in developing thin plastic formwork for multi-story, cast-in-place concrete structures. These techniques build upon Cast Thicket, a previous installation which provides a built example of the system.
keywords Plastic Cast Concrete, Flexible Molds, File-to-Fabrication, Minimal Surface Optimization, Physics Simulation, Digital Craft, Material Logics and Tectonics
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id acadia14_267
id acadia14_267
authors Ahlquist, Sean
year 2014
title Post-forming Composite Morphologies: Materialization and design methods for inducing form through textile material behavior
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2014.267
source ACADIA 14: Design Agency [Proceedings of the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 9781926724478]Los Angeles 23-25 October, 2014), pp. 267-276
summary This paper presents research in developing materials with integrated pre-stressed textile and rigid composite properties. Such a material system, termed Pre-stressed Textile-Reinforced Composites (pTRC), produces forms with great degrees of both 3-dimensional and structural differentiation, from flat form-work in combination with a curated composite forming process.
keywords Pre-stressed Textile-reinforced Composites, Textile Hybrid, Material Behavior, Form-finding, Spring-based Simulation.Category: Material Logics and Tectonics.
series ACADIA
type Normal Paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

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