Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia19_360
id	acadia19_360
authors	Dackiw, Jean-Nicolas Alois; Foltman, Andrzej; Garivani, Soroush; Kaseman, Keith; Sollazzo, Aldo
year	2019
title	Cyber-physical UAV Navigation and Operation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.360
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 360-367
summary	The purpose of this paper is to present a work in progress pertaining to drone pose estimation and flight calibration. This paper intends to underline the increasing importance of determining alternative path planning instruments through accurate localization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) with the purpose of achieving complex flight operations for the emerging applications of autonomous robotics in surveying, design, fabrication, and on-site operations. This research is based on the implementation of novel technologies such as Augmented Reality (AR), Robot Operating System (ROS), and computational approaches to define a drone calibration methodology, leveraging existing methods for drone path planning. Drones are equipped with measurement systems to provide geo-location and time information such as onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors, and Inertial Measurement Units (IMU). As stated in previous research, to increase navigation capabilities, measurements and data processing algorithms have a critical role (Daponte et al. 2015). The outcome of this work in progress showcases valuable results in calculating and assessing accurate positioning for UAVs, and developing data exchanges in transmission, reception, and tracking.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2015_37
id	ecaade2015_37
authors	Forster, Julia; Fritz, Sara, Schleicher, Johannes and Rab, Nikolaus
year	2015
title	Developer Tools for Smart Approaches to Responsible-Minded Planning Strategies
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.545
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 545-551
summary	The city of Vienna follows a long-term initiative to become a Smart City. Within 2050 it aims to reduce 80% of the CO2 emissions (in comparison to 1990) and looks forward to generate ways for a sustainable energy production. (Smart City Framework Strategy 2014) Reaching this targets requires a complex planning process which involves interdisciplinary stakeholders and decision makers. An interactive multi-dimensional environment, comprising spatial objects and data models, is a helpful tool during these planning processes. This paper proposes a suitable path for the development of a structural framework for such an environment. The benefits of such an environment are shown in detail, based on an application of the economic solar heat potential in Vienna.
wos	WOS:000372317300059
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2015_64
id	ecaade2015_64
authors	Nourian, Pirouz; Rezvani, Samaneh, Sariyildiz, Sevil and Hoeven, Franklinvander
year	2015
title	CONFIGURBANIST - Urban Configuration Analysis for Walking and Cycling via Easiest Paths
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.553
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 553-564
summary	In a quest for promoting sustainable modes of mobility, we have revisited how feasible and suitable is it for people to walk or cycle to their destinations in a neighbourhood. We propose a few accessibility measures based on an 'Easiest Path' algorithm that provides also actual temporal distance between locations. This algorithm finds paths that are as short, flat and straightforward as possible. Considering several 'points of interest', the methods can answer such questions as “do I have a 5 minutes 'easy' walking/cycling access to all/any of these points?” or, “which is the preferred point of interest with 'easy' walking cycling access?” We redefine catchment zones using Fuzzy logics and allow for mapping 'closeness' considering preferences such as 'how far' people are willing to go on foot/bike for reaching a particular destination. The accessibility measures are implemented in the toolkit CONFIGURBANIST to provide real-time analysis of urban networks for design and planning.
wos	WOS:000372317300060
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=b1dffea2-70d9-11e5-8e0c-0377ddcc509c
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ecaade2015_280
id	ecaade2015_280
authors	Adilenidou, Yota
year	2015
title	Error as Optimization - Using Cellular Automata Systems to Introduce Bias in Aggregation Models through Multigrids
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.601
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 601-610
summary	This paper is focusing on the idea of error as the origin of difference in form but also as the path and the necessity for optimization. It describes the use of Cellular Automata (CA) for a series of structural and formal elements, whose proliferation is guided through sets of differential grids (multigrids) and leads to the buildup of big span structures and edifices as, for example, a cathedral. Starting from the error as the main idea/tool for optimization, taxonomies of morphological errors occur and at a next step, they are informed with contextual elements to produce an architectural system. A toolbox is composed that can be implemented in different scales and environmental parameters, providing variation, optimization, complexity and detail density. Different sets of experiments were created starting from linear structural elements and continuing to space dividers and larger surface components.
wos	WOS:000372316000067
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=5cf73be0-6e8f-11e5-b7a4-1b188b87ef84
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	sigradi2015_2.162
id	sigradi2015_2.162
authors	Almeida, Fernando; Andrade, Max
year	2015
title	GIS as a catalyst tool for Smart Cities
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 1 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-135-0] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 46-50.
summary	Every building has its individual and measurable role on resources consumption, waste generation and neighborhood impact within a city, and tracking this behavior is an essential task for establishing a sustainable path into a Smart City model. This paper preliminarily investigates how GIS can contribute in creating an integrated and dynamic system built to attend public utilities and urban management offices for parameters at various scales.
keywords	GIS, Smart Cities, Urban Infrastructure, Public Services, Urban Management
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	ecaade2015_209
id	ecaade2015_209
authors	D'Uva, Domenico
year	2015
title	Parametric Morphogenesis - An Historical Framing in London's Architecture beyond the Verge of the 20th Century
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.381
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 381-387
summary	The approach of contemporary architecture with urban environment has always been in perpetual evolution. The path between concept and real building has been driven since ancient times by traditional drawing tools which discretized the architect ideas into shapes. The cases studied for morphogenesis evolution, featured in the top-notch architectural firms, have been framed into two different strategies. In the first family the shape is created by the modifications of several distinct geometrical elements, which create formal complexity. In the second family of buildings the complexity is the result of very few geometrical elements, whose morphogenetic process generates complex forms. As the geometrical elements decrease in number, the draft shape must undergo a deeper process of modification to solve the functional, sustainability and structural issues.
wos	WOS:000372317300041
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2015_202
id	ecaade2015_202
authors	Kim, Hyoungsub; Asl, Mohammad Rahmani and Yan, Wei
year	2015
title	Parametric BIM-based Energy Simulation for Buildings with Complex Kinetic Façades
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.657
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 657-664
summary	This paper aims to investigate a new methodology for analysing energy performance of buildings with complex kinetic façades. In this research, the flexible movements of individual kinetic façades in a building is determined by the façades' opening ratios and the sun path. The platform development is conducted through a visual programing environment in BIM, and the process is presented with a case study. Finally, the building's energy performance is compared with a building having static façades using whole building energy analysis tool.
wos	WOS:000372317300071
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=2e70ba2e-7021-11e5-9015-00190f04dc4c
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2015_10.140
id	sigradi2015_10.140
authors	Neves, Isabel Clara
year	2015
title	Scientific Approach to the Project in a Computational Perspective of Architecture: The Hochschule für Gestaltung-Ulm and its Diaspora
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 528-543.
summary	This article focus on the evolution of the HfG-Ulm, its teachers and central ideas, and emphasizes on ideological continuity of this School in the United States by selecting the path of Horst Rittel and the ideas he developed at UC Berkeley. It presents a reflection about the ideas that developed from the HfG-Ulm, through foreign students and teachers exchanges, being important to understand how their ideas have been developed, generating different outputs, in a significant period that went until the 70’s and which marked the introduction of different computational concepts in architecture, enabling the interaction of computers in architectural practice.
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:56

_id	caadria2015_208
id	caadria2015_208
authors	Sharif, Shani and T. Russell Gentry
year	2015
title	Design Cognition Shift from Craftsman to Digital Maker
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.683
source	Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 683-692
summary	The process of design and fabrication involves a complex cognitive activity, in which the human brain is part of a larger cognitive system that encompasses brain, body, tool, material and environment. In this system the cognition resides in the interaction of all these elements one with another in different stages of a design and making activity. This paper investigates the intermediary role of digital fabrication machines in changing the discourse of design cognition in relation to the action of making, inquiring into the diverging path from traditional craftwork. This research is shaped around the concept of transparent machine tools for an interactive participation in the process of design-making, shaping a human-machine interaction to unify the design and fabrication process.
keywords	Digital fabrication; crafts; design cognition; distributed cognition; embodiment.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	eaea2015_t3_paper03
id	eaea2015_t3_paper03
authors	Agajew, Maria
year	2015
title	The Prestige and the Money – the Main Goal and the Main Tool in Planning of the City Image in the 21st Century?
source	ENVISIONING ARCHITECTURE: IMAGE, PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF HERITAGE [ISBN 978-83-7283-681-6],Lodz University of Technology, 23-26 September 2015, pp.299-308
summary	This paper discusses the process of changing in the historical town – Baku in Azerbaijan in comparison to the achievements of European urban planners and architects (for example in: Paris, Vienna, Dublin). In Baku the fast and unlimited development and many investments in the public spaces have caused a lot of transformation not always to the better vision of the image of the city. At the same time, the development in some European cities is proceeding in other ways, preserving existing historical built environment.
keywords	image of the city; revitalization; development
series	EAEA
email
last changed	2016/04/22 11:52

_id	sigradi2015_8.81
id	sigradi2015_8.81
authors	Alvarado, Rodrigo García; Lobos, Danny; Nope, Alberto; Tinapp, Frank
year	2015
title	BIM + UAV Assessment of Roofs’ Solar Potential
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 1 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-135-0] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 336-340.
summary	This paper describes a novel method for determining the capacity to generate solar energy integrated into the roofs of buildings by aerial survey using UAVs and BIM models for sizing the covering surfaces and integration of solar panels. Various digital procedures are enchained like planning of trajectories, image processing, geometric reconstitution, simulation of solar radiation and calculation of energy generation to promote on-site installation of clean energy sources in existing buildings, to ensure a more sustainable habitat.
keywords	BIM, UAV, Solar Energy, Sustainable Building
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	caadria2015_237
id	caadria2015_237
authors	Bazalo, Frano. and Tane J. Moleta
year	2015
title	Responsive Algorithms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.209
source	Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 209-218
summary	An algorithm is a process of addressing a problem in a finite number of steps. In the context of architectural design, algorithmic thinking means taking on an interpretive role to understand the results in relation to design criteria, knowing how to modify the code to explore new options, and speculating on further design potentials. The application of algorithms within architecture often addresses the developed design stages, primarily to optimise structure, test environmental performance or to resolve complex construction. This research aims to explore algorithmic tools with a focus on early stage design. This design stage is often developed using traditional processes and is where algorithmic applications have been less successfully executed. The objectives are to algorithmically explore the areas of space planning, programme layout, form finding and form optimisation within early stage architectural design. Through the combination of a range of diverse algorithms, this research has an ultimate aim of integrating a computational workflow into practice at the early design stage.
keywords	Computational design, Early stage design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2015_268
id	cf2015_268
authors	Benedetto, Henrique; Kipper, Fabrício A.;Marques, Vinícius and Bruscato, Underléa M.
year	2015
title	Development of Parklets by using parametric modeling
source	The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 268-278.
summary	The lack of urban planning has made the recreation areas increasingly smaller in the cities. Parks and squares gradually gave way to streets and avenues to try to accommodate the growing number of cars and motorcycles. An alternative that tries to balance recreation areas and urban roads was found in the city of San Francisco (USA). Parklets are temporary extensions of urban sidewalks that occupy a few parking spaces. This article aims to demonstrate the potential of parametric modeling in the development of parklets. Thus, anthropometric studies, amount of parking spaces and types of benches were used as input parameters. Rhinoceros and grasshopper programs were used for modeling, while 3D Studio Max was used for rendering. With this study it was possible to verify that when the project is parameterized the processes of creation and modification became faster, reducing design and implementation time.
keywords	Grasshopper algorithm editor, Parametric model, Parklets.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2015/06/29 07:55

_id	sigradi2015_11.166
id	sigradi2015_11.166
authors	Calixto, Victor; Celani, Gabriela
year	2015
title	A literature review for space planning optimization using an evolutionary algorithm approach: 1992-2014
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 662-671.
summary	Space planning in architecture is a field of research in which the process of arranging a set of space elements is the main concern. This paper presents a survey of 31 papers among applications and reviews of space planning method using evolutionary algorithms. The objective of this work was to organize, classify and discuss about twenty-two years of SP based on an evolutionary approach to orient future research in the field.
keywords	Space Planning, Evolutionary algorithms, Generative System
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:47

_id	eaea2015_t3_paper10
id	eaea2015_t3_paper10
authors	Horvat, Jesenko; Pavkoic, Marina
year	2015
title	Non-material Heritage Potentials in Integral Development Planning –Case Studies of Buje in Istria, Croatia
source	ENVISIONING ARCHITECTURE: IMAGE, PERCEPTION AND COMMUNICATION OF HERITAGE [ISBN 978-83-7283-681-6],Lodz University of Technology, 23-26 September 2015, pp.369-376
summary	The methodology of mapping and programming spatial potentials are in need of a new platform – a kind of programming agenda - in order to achieve maximal result which would facilitate developmental goals. Namely, official physical and/or master plans, as well as strategic economic studies lack holistic approach. Economic heritage as a non-material form of heritage encompasses a vast array of forms which may be deeply rooted in a local environment. The emphasis is specifically on such implications and reverse impact on physical planning and strategic economic development related to the potentials of non-material values in the region of Istia in Croatia.
keywords	intangible heritage; physical programming; economic development
series	EAEA
email
last changed	2016/04/22 11:52

_id	cf2017_111
id	cf2017_111
authors	Kepczynska-Walczak, Anetta; Pietrzak, Anna
year	2017
title	An Experimental Methodology for Urban Morphology Analysis
source	Gülen Çagdas, Mine Özkar, Leman F. Gül and Ethem Gürer (Eds.) Future Trajectories of Computation in Design [17th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2017, Proceedings / ISBN 978-975-561-482-3] Istanbul, Turkey, July 12-14, 2017, p. 111.
summary	The paper presents results of a research conducted in 2015 and 2016 at Lodz University of Technology. It proposes a purpose and context fit approach towards the automation of urban data generation based on GIS tools and New Urbanism typologies. First, background studies of methods applied in urban morphology analysis are revealed. Form-Based Code planning, and subsequently Transect-Based Code are taken into account. Then, selected examples from literature are described and discussed. Finally, the research study is presented and the outcomes compared with more traditional methodology.
keywords	GIS, Urban morphology, Spatial analysis, Decision support systems, Urban design, Data analytics, Modelling and simulation
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2017/12/01 14:37

_id	ecaade2015_336
id	ecaade2015_336
authors	Koenig, Reinhard
year	2015
title	CPlan - An Open Source Library for Computational Analysis and Synthesis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.245
source	Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 245-250
summary	Some caad packages offer additional support for the optimization of spatial configurations, but the possibilities for applying optimization are usually limited either by the complexity of the data model or by the constraints of the underlying caad system. Since we missed a system that allows to experiment with optimization techniques for the synthesis of spatial configurations, we developed a collection of methods over the past years. This collection is now combined in the presented open source library for computational planning synthesis, called CPlan. The aim of the library is to provide an easy to use programming framework with a flat learning curve for people with basic programming knowledge. It offers an extensible structure that allows to add new customized parts for various purposes. In this paper the existing functionality of the CPlan library is described.
wos	WOS:000372317300026
series	eCAADe
email
more	https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=ebe47ae4-702d-11e5-b15e-17078d1d5730
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2015_213
id	caadria2015_213
authors	Kornkasem, Sorachai and John B. Black
year	2015
title	CAAD, Cognition & Spatial Thinking Training
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.561
source	Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 561-570
summary	The current study explored different spatial training methods and investigated the sequence of processed-based mental simulation that was facilitated by various structures of external spatial representations, including 3D technology in Computer Aided-Architectural Design (CAAD), spatial cues, and/or technical languages. The goal was to better understand how these components fostered planning experiences and affected spatial ability acquisition framed as the formation of spatial mental models, for further developing spatial training environments fundamental to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, specifically for architecture education and cognition. Two experiments were conducted using a between-subjects design to examine the effects of spatial training methods on spatial ability performance. Across both studies learners improved in their spatial skills, specifically the learners in the 3D-augmented virtual environments over the 3D-direct physical manipulation conditions. This study is built upon the work in the fields of computer-user interface, visuospatial thinking and human learning.
keywords	Spatial thinking training; cognitive processes; CAAD.
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cf2015_484
id	cf2015_484
authors	Liao, Kai; Vries, Bauke de; Kong, Jun and Zhang, Kang
year	2015
title	Pattern, cognition and spatial information processing: Representations of the spatial layout of architectural design with spatial-semantic analytics
source	The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 484.
summary	In this paper, we review and extend the idea of Alexander’s “pattern language”, especially from the viewpoints of complexity theories, information systems, and human-computer interaction, to explore spatial cognition-based design representations for “intelligent and adaptive/interactive environment” in architecture and urban planning. We propose a theoretic framework of design patterns “with spatial information processing”, and attempt to incorporate state-of-the-art computational methods of information visualization/visual analytics into the conventional CAAD approaches. Focused on the spatial-semantic analytics, together with abstract syntactic pattern representation, by using “spatial-semantic aware” graph grammar formalization, i.e., Spatial Graph Grammars (SGG), the relevant models, algorithms and tool are proposed. We testify our theoretic framework and computational tool VEGGIE (a Visual Environment of Graph Grammar Induction Engineering) by using actual architectural design works (spatial layout exemplars of a small office building and the three house projects by Frank Lloyd Wright) as study cases, so as to demonstrate our proposed approach for practical applications. The results are discussed and further research is suggested.
keywords	Pattern language, complex adaptive systems, spatial cognition, design representations, spatial information processing, Artificial Intelligence, visual language, Spatial Graph Grammars (SGG), spatial-semantic analytics.
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2015/06/29 07:55

_id	sigradi2015_11.142
id	sigradi2015_11.142
authors	Lima, Fernando; Paraízo, Rodrigo Cury; Kos, Jose Ripper
year	2015
title	Generative approaches in urban planning: optimization experiments for Transit Oriented Development principles
source	SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 649-656.
summary	This article focuses on the use of computational tools to provide dynamic assessment and optimized arrangements while planning and discussing interventions in urban areas. The objective is to address the use of algorithmic systems for evaluating and generating urban morphologies guided by Transit Oriented Development (TOD) principles. TOD is an urban development model that considers geometric and measurable parameters for designing sustainable cities. It advocates the creation of compact mixed-use neighborhoods within walking distance to a variety of transportation options and amenities, seeking to result on optimized infrastructure provision and energy efficient low-carbon districts. This paper presents algorithmic experiments for proposing a rapid-transit district, by the optimization of its urban morphology and services’ location, providing an accurate and efficient TOD principles-oriented modelling.
keywords	Generative design, Transit Oriented Development, Optimization
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2016/03/10 09:55

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