CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Hits 1 to 20 of 589

_id ecaade2015_237
id ecaade2015_237
authors Vrouwe, Ivo; Luyten, Laurens and Pak, Burak
year 2015
title Teaching and Learning CAAD and CAM in a Fluid Era - Tools and Strategies for the Analysis and Synthesis of Ill-Defined Construction Problems
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.119
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 119-126
wos WOS:000372316000015
summary In this paper we discuss a series of tools and strategies to support learner-centred construction education in the complexity of the era today (Bauman, 2000). By using these tools in the education of CAD and CAM in construction education at universities for the arts, design and architecture, we aim to support the student in the abstract aspects of Bloom's (1956) cognitive learning domain. In order to present a coherent spectrum of educational tools and strategies, we start with the introduction of a tool for problem-analysis. The tool is explained by applying it to the context of spatial design construction, digital design and fabrication. Then we shortly discuss the process of design-evaluation. Next we introduce three models for design-synthesis. Afterwards, a test case is used to elaborate on the different tools and strategies which are tested and evaluated.
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=d75a9f02-6f80-11e5-bc83-9bf4aa35f970
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id cf2015_037
id cf2015_037
authors de Vries, Bauke; Grond, Manon and van der Zee, Aant
year 2015
title Development of a multi-disciplinary university wide design course
source The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 37-46.
summary Design is one of the basic skills of every engineer. However until now design is only seen as a core course in Architecture studies and lately in Industrial Engineering studies. This paper reports about the development of a design course for all departments of a typical technical university. After a short overview of design teaching tradition, an inventory is presented of the different interpretation of design by the various departments. The course development is presented over two periods: 2012-2014, and 2014-2015. In between a major change was conducted. The course learning goals and student evaluations are presented. In the discussion we reflect on fundamental and practical problems that occur in design teaching for such a wide audience. Finally we draw conclusions on the changing role of design what is needed to give design the same status as mathematics in a technical curriculum.
keywords Design, Design teaching, Multi-disciplinary design
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2015/06/29 07:55

_id sigradi2015_10.381
id sigradi2015_10.381
authors Barros, Diana Rodríguez; Mandagarán, María; Nigro, Paola; Hernández, María Inés
year 2015
title Design Thinking, Visual narratives and Creativity. Case teaching practices in disruptive postdigitals environments
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 618-622.
summary From the perspective of Design Thinking, we present a case of teaching practice focused on the moments of ideation, design and production of graphics database in postdigitales environments. We were interested to investigate nontraditional modalities for the representation and communication of works in Architecture; develop and optimize working methods of digital image processing; create and manage visual narratives, near the transmedia storytelling, as a teaching resource facilitator of learning construction of meaning. Also, as indicators of creativity, analyzing such experience framed studies EMIDA Research Group (CEAC) CIPADI FAUD UNMdP, Argentina.
keywords Design Thinking, Visual Narratives, Creativity, Disruptive Practice, Postdigital
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:47

_id cf2015_467
id cf2015_467
authors Benrós, Deborah; Eloy, Sara and Duarte, José Pinto
year 2015
title Re-inventing ceramic tiles: Using shape grammars as a generative method and the impact on design methodology
source The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 467.
summary The following paper describes the process and results achieved with the workshop entitled ‘Re-inventing Portuguese ceramic tiles’ reflecting on design methodology and design teaching. Workshop participants were invited to rethink ceramic tile patterns developing a different process which used shape grammars as a generative system. Each participant group developed a three stage task using shape grammars principles and methodology. The preliminary results the work developed are of particular relevance in shape grammar research: firstly shape grammar formulae does not constitute an intuitive process to most creative designers which are often trained to design singular solutions for a specific problem, secondly more than one operative shape grammar can be formulated to represent the same corpus of solutions and lastly the generative potential of grammars transcends the normal capacities of the original grammarist aiding in design exploration and enlarging the corpus of feasible solutions. This paper also reflects on the impact of shape grammars as a design methodology.
keywords Shape grammar, patterns, ceramic tiles, 2d, 3d
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2015/06/29 07:55

_id caadria2015_206
id caadria2015_206
authors Chien, Sheng-Fen; Hsiu-Pai Su and Yu-Wei Huang
year 2015
title Parade
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.375
source Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 375-384
summary It is import to formalize design knowledge to capture tacit design experience and techniques. This research aims to utilize the power of patterns and language to formulate knowledge of parametric design. We have found through our own experience of learning and teaching parametric design, examples are the most familiar form of learning. We proposed a way of documenting design knowledge in four parts: pattern, example, case and source. We have implemented the repository as a web browser based system, named PARADE. A preliminary study of the system is conducted.
keywords Design pattern; knowledge repository; parametric design.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:55

_id ecaade2015_334
id ecaade2015_334
authors Fricker, Pia and Munkel, Georg
year 2015
title Intuitive Design through Information Maps
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.211
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 211-216
wos WOS:000372317300022
summary What kind of tools do landscape architects need to inform their designs with the abundance of knowledge available to us in Open Access data - in the era of 'Big Data'? Although the majority of landscape architects already integrate GIS data in their work, it is often only for analysis purposes and also only with data already integrated in their own country's GIS system. Without further processing, the graphic output formats often cannot reach a state that can be readily integrated into the design process. Students often have a negative stance towards GIS and the software programs associated with it especially within teaching. For the past three years, we at the Chair for Landscape Architecture of Professor Girot (ETH Zurich) have been researching at the potential for students to gain an understanding of the validity of site-specific data by creating coded programs that interactively integrate this information as parameters in the next step of the design process. The key to the entire processing chain is the use of an explorative approach to understanding data as the basis for making decisions.
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=9b2cd272-702d-11e5-b03a-bfab9d4c9ff6
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id sigradi2015_10.127
id sigradi2015_10.127
authors Granero, Adriana Edith; Fernández, Mónica Inés; Bonvecchi, Liliana Telma; Brignone, Mabel Clara
year 2015
title DApp - Interactive teaching methodological proposal based on the use of the devices and Apps for the representation of the architectural project
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 514-518.
summary A common problem we share teachers today is the presence of smartphones and tablets in the classroom; these electronic devices generate distractions of its use for communication in social networks, games, and visits to Internet sites. These elements are at all times available to the student, which is why we raised the need to adapt some learning processes with their interaction. The intention is to demonstrate that these practices allow for the introduction of theoretical concepts and fundamentals related academic imagination, the design process and representation of the architectural project. The proposal linked with an increase of the professional needs that the architect faces, after their training, professional skills to perform in today’s job market.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:52

_id sigradi2015_10.307
id sigradi2015_10.307
authors Herrera, Pablo C.
year 2015
title Mathematics and computation: Using visual programming to develop didactic materials in a learning environment
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 581-588.
summary We analyse the problem of creating didactic material for teaching and evaluating mathematics in the first year of a School of Architecture. By using visual programming, science professor used codes (formulae) to represent in a software their proposals, instead of drawing them themselves. Through this experience we create a database of codes with computational solutions that allows faculty to modify, reuse, visualise and print in the same platform that she students will use while developing their designs. In this way we aim to maximise the link between mathematics and design as fundamental base for the control of complex shapes.
keywords Visual Programming, Mathematics Education, Architectural Education, Latin America, 3D Printing
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id sigradi2015_10.262
id sigradi2015_10.262
authors Ivanovic, Ingrid Calvo; Soto, Bruno Perelli
year 2015
title Exploration of materials and techniques for digital fabrication and rapid prototyping for the design and development of didactic resources to support the teaching of color in school environments
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 569-575.
summary This project arises from the need to produce didactic resources to support the teaching of color in the Chilean school environment. It starts from a critical screening at the Visual Arts curriculum proposed by the Ministry of Education. The way to address this lack of resources was through exploration techniques of digital fabrication and rapid prototyping, in order to generate updated and low cost learning objects. This could provide didactic materials to a wider amount of teachers and learning environments. The prototypes created will be implemented in the Centro de Arte y Tecnología, of the Fundación Mustakis, a pioneering space for independent learning and exploration around chromatic topics.
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:53

_id sigradi2015_10.377
id sigradi2015_10.377
authors Lima, Pedro Gabriel de Sousa; Sousa, Débora de Oliveira; Romcy, Neliza Maria e Silva
year 2015
title Epistemological basis to a contemporary approach for design teaching. The digital media, the reflective professional and the paradigm shift
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 602-608.
summary We now live on the digital era. Technological innovations don’t stop to come to light, and our society little by little become more permeable and sensible to the present-day. The architect who refuses to just repeat architecture styles enters in a avant-garde position and gives intellectual impulses towards finding through your work a original proposal that will answer in fact the demands of a society that is correlate with your present-time. How to teach him to deal with the novel situations of the digital era and the paradigms to be used as basis and how should be the new pedagogical structure?
keywords Digital Media, Parametric Architecture, Design Teaching, Digital Fabrication, Re ection-in-action
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:55

_id ecaade2015_101
id ecaade2015_101
authors Markusiewicz, Jacek and Slyk, Jan
year 2015
title From Shaping to Information Modeling in Architectural Education: Implementation of Augmented Reality Technology in Computer-Aided Modeling
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.083
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 83-90
wos WOS:000372316000011
summary While learning computer-aided modeling techniques, students of architecture should not only gain knowledge on how to model three-dimensional forms, but also how to define and understand the information beneath the shapes. Architectural presentation as an intellectual communication-focused process requires new media to channel information in a contemporary way. These can be text, image, sound, video or a digital model. The integration of augmented reality in teaching computer-aided modeling in architecture school provides more thorough learning experience as it opens new opportunities. The authors present the process of implementing AR technology in architectural education - its theoretical background, the outcome of students' work and technical solutions. They argue that the use of AR interface increases the effectiveness of user-model interaction in comparison to standard mouse-based techniques of three-dimensional manipulation due to the intuitive touch-screen interaction and direct control on the camera.
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:59

_id caadria2015_087
id caadria2015_087
authors Moleta, Tane J.
year 2015
title Flowing through Space
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.489
source Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 489-497
summary The general field this presentation will address is the integration of game mechanics within the design studio. The CAAD community has invested considerable energy into the insertion of games within education to teach specific skills or develop design behaviours. Building on some of this research we report on three years of studio teaching in undergraduate architectural studies. We propose that the outcomes of the design studio can benefit greatly from employing game mechanics to encourage constructive design behaviours within a student cohort. This body research flips the traditional location of game mechanic, shifting the motivations from the hands of the teacher to place the mechanic in the hand of the student. The research reports an increased level of engagement and collaboration and presents a body of work that extends beyond traditional expectations of the architectural design studio.
keywords Education, game mechanics, design studio.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id sigradi2015_10.317
id sigradi2015_10.317
authors Pereira, Alice T. Cybis; Reis, Luisa Eug?nia dos; Yamaguchi, Adriele Marie
year 2015
title The Strategy Plan of TEAR_AD: Network for Teaching and Learning Technology in the areas of Architecture and Design
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 596-601.
summary This paper describes the beginning of a project called TEAR_AD: Network for Teaching and Learning Technology in the areas of Architecture and Design. Such project aims to support the problem of Professors, Lecturers, and students lack of knowledge about a whole set of technologies that can turn a project more precise and responsive in terms of constructibility, sustainability and general performance. They have problems in keeping updated about those technologies and, in consequence, do not apply them in their practices. In order to explain the strategic plane of the project, that consists in the first part of the Garrett Methodology for Experience Design, the identification of Personas, representing the target public, the use of the benchmarking to identify possible features to be used in the system, and so on, are described. Considerations about how to pursue the implementation and maintenance of the designed system are outlined.
keywords Virtual Reality, Immersive Simulation, Spatial Design, Virtual Sketching, Design Instruction
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:57

_id sigradi2015_sp_10.311
id sigradi2015_sp_10.311
authors Pires, Janice de Freitas; Pereira, Alice Cybis
year 2015
title Accessibility to Educational Materials TEAR_AD Network through the delimitation of a Domain Taxonomy
source SIGRADI 2015 [Proceedings of the 19th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - vol. 2 - ISBN: 978-85-8039-133-6] Florianópolis, SC, Brasil 23-27 November 2015, pp. 823-826.
summary This paper describes a process of identifying a taxonomy for describing learning materials made available in the context of a Virtual Learning Environment for Architecture and Design and produced by partner groups coming from different institutions. Paying attention to the specificity of the knowledge structure conveyed in such materials, exemplified in the case study of the digital graphic representation material, the importance of seeking by different terminologies combining concepts, techniques and technologies involved in different approaches to the same subject was observed, by allowing to characterize the structure of the teaching material and, through relationships among its terms, identify the connection between other learning objects for architectural design.
keywords Learning Objects, Architecture and Design, Taxonomy, Design Education, Digital Technologies
series SIGRADI
email
last changed 2016/03/10 09:57

_id ecaade2015_122
id ecaade2015_122
authors Agirbas, Asli
year 2015
title The Use of Digital Fabrication as a Sketching Tool in the Architectural Design Process - A Case Study
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.2.319
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 319-324
wos WOS:000372316000037
summary Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies including computer numerically controlled (CNC) milling, laser cutting and 3D printing are becoming cheaper and globally more accessible. Accordingly, many design professionals, academics and students have been able to experience the benefits and challenges of using digital fabrication in their designs. The use of digital fabrication in the education of architecture students has become normal in many schools of architecture, and there is a growing demand for computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) logic and fabrication knowledge in student learning. Clearly, architecture students are acquiring material base-thinking, time management, production methods and various software skills through this digital fabrication. However, it appears to be the case that architecture students use digital fabrication mainly in the final stage of their design or in their finishing work. In this study, computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technologies have been used as a sketch tool rather than simply for fabricating a final product in the architectural design process and the advantages of this educational practice are demonstrated.
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=79005d78-6fe6-11e5-b555-13a7f78815dc
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id cf2015_112
id cf2015_112
authors Globa, Anastasia; Moloney, Jules and Donn, Michael
year 2015
title Urban Codes: Abstraction and Case-Based Approaches to Algorithmic Design and Implications for the Design of Contemporary Cities
source The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 112-123.
summary This paper reports on a comparative study that evaluates two approaches to support the learning and use of algorithmic design in architecture, and extrapolates from this to consider applications for the algorithmic design of cities. The study explored two methods to reduce the barriers of using programming and potentially improve design performance. The first is the reuse of abstract algorithmic ‘patterns’. The second approach is the reuse of algorithmic solutions from specific design cases (case-based design). Reflecting on this research we outline how our findings discussed in relation to alternate thinking on the use of pattern, might inform a hybrid approach to the algorithmic design of cities.
keywords Case-Based, Design Patterns, algorithmic design, Urban Design
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2015/06/29 07:55

_id ecaade2015_336
id ecaade2015_336
authors Koenig, Reinhard
year 2015
title CPlan - An Open Source Library for Computational Analysis and Synthesis
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2015.1.245
source Martens, B, Wurzer, G, Grasl T, Lorenz, WE and Schaffranek, R (eds.), Real Time - Proceedings of the 33rd eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria, 16-18 September 2015, pp. 245-250
wos WOS:000372317300026
summary Some caad packages offer additional support for the optimization of spatial configurations, but the possibilities for applying optimization are usually limited either by the complexity of the data model or by the constraints of the underlying caad system. Since we missed a system that allows to experiment with optimization techniques for the synthesis of spatial configurations, we developed a collection of methods over the past years. This collection is now combined in the presented open source library for computational planning synthesis, called CPlan. The aim of the library is to provide an easy to use programming framework with a flat learning curve for people with basic programming knowledge. It offers an extensible structure that allows to add new customized parts for various purposes. In this paper the existing functionality of the CPlan library is described.
series eCAADe
email
more https://mh-engage.ltcc.tuwien.ac.at/engage/ui/watch.html?id=ebe47ae4-702d-11e5-b15e-17078d1d5730
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id caadria2015_213
id caadria2015_213
authors Kornkasem, Sorachai and John B. Black
year 2015
title CAAD, Cognition & Spatial Thinking Training
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2015.561
source Emerging Experience in Past, Present and Future of Digital Architecture, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference of the Association for Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia (CAADRIA 2015) / Daegu 20-22 May 2015, pp. 561-570
summary The current study explored different spatial training methods and investigated the sequence of processed-based mental simulation that was facilitated by various structures of external spatial representations, including 3D technology in Computer Aided-Architectural Design (CAAD), spatial cues, and/or technical languages. The goal was to better understand how these components fostered planning experiences and affected spatial ability acquisition framed as the formation of spatial mental models, for further developing spatial training environments fundamental to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education, specifically for architecture education and cognition. Two experiments were conducted using a between-subjects design to examine the effects of spatial training methods on spatial ability performance. Across both studies learners improved in their spatial skills, specifically the learners in the 3D-augmented virtual environments over the 3D-direct physical manipulation conditions. This study is built upon the work in the fields of computer-user interface, visuospatial thinking and human learning.
keywords Spatial thinking training; cognitive processes; CAAD.
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id cf2015_421
id cf2015_421
authors Miyasaka, Elza Luli and Fabrício, Márcio Minto
year 2015
title Digital Fabrication in Brazil: Academic Production in the last decade
source The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 421-433.
summary This work aims to review the literature on digital fabrication verifying the Brazilian status on a general view. Concerning the methodology, the research was carried out from 2004 to 2014 analyzing three aspects: 1. the situational context of digital fabrication; 2. digital fabrication in the design process; 3. the Brazilian status. The findings revealed the use of digital fabrication is mainly focused on the design process. Also, the most common objects in the research are the development of models, furniture and pavilions. Moreover, digital fabrication is increasingly being inserted in the syllabus of architecture schools. Brazil strikes in object production both in quantities and interests throughout the country.
keywords Digital Fabrication; design production, literature / review; CAD/ CAM architecture.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2015/06/29 07:55

_id cf2015_205
id cf2015_205
authors Oliveira, Eduardo; Kirley, Michael; Kvan, Tom; Karakiewicz, Justyna and Vaz, Carlos
year 2015
title Distributed and heterogeneous data analysis for smart urban planning
source The next city - New technologies and the future of the built environment [16th International Conference CAAD Futures 2015. Sao Paulo, July 8-10, 2015. Electronic Proceedings/ ISBN 978-85-85783-53-2] Sao Paulo, Brazil, July 8-10, 2015, pp. 205.
summary Over the past decade, ‘smart’ cities have capitalized on new technologies and insights to transform their systems, operations and services. The rationale behind the use of these technologies is that an evidence-based, analytical approach to decision-making will lead to more robust and sustainable outcomes. However, harvesting high-quality data from the dense network of sensors embedded in the urban infrastructure, and combining this data with social network data, poses many challenges. In this paper, we investigate the use of an intelligent middleware – Device Nimbus – to support data capture and analysis techniques to inform urban planning and design. We report results from a ‘Living Campus’ experiment at the University of Melbourne, Australia focused on a public learning space case study. Local perspectives, collected via crowdsourcing, are combined with distributed and heterogeneous environmental sensor data. Our analysis shows that Device Nimbus’ data integration and intelligent modules provide high-quality support for decision-making and planning.
keywords smart city, smart campus, middleware, data fusion, urban design, urban planning.
series CAAD Futures
email
last changed 2015/06/29 07:55

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