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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2023_227
id	ecaade2023_227
authors	Moorhouse, Jon and Freeman, Tim
year	2023
title	Towards a Genome for Zero Carbon Retrofit of UK Housing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.197
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 197–206
summary	The United Kingdom has some of the worst insulated housing stock in Northern Europe. This is in part due to the age of housing in the UK, with over 90% being built before 1990 [McCrone 2017, Piddington 2020]. Moreover, 85% of current UK housing will still be in use in 2050 by which stage their Government are targeting Net Carbon Zero [Eyre 2019]. Domestic energy use accounts for around 25% of UK carbon emissions. The UK will need to retrofit 20 million dwellings in order to meet this target. If this delivery were evenly spread, it would equate to over 2,000 retrofit completions each day. Government-funded initiatives are stimulating the market, with upwards of 60,000 social housing retrofits planned for 2023, but it is clear that a system must be developed to enable the design and implementation of housing-stock improvement at a large scale.This paper charts the 20-year development of a digital approach to the design for low-carbon domestic retrofit by architects Constructive Thinking Studio Limited and thence documents the emergence of a collaborative approach to retrofit patterns on a National scale. The author has led the Research and Development stream of this practice, developing a Building Information Modelling methodology and integrated Energy Modelling techniques to optimise design for housing retrofit [Georgiadou 2019, Ben 2020], and then inform a growing palette of details and a database of validated solutions [Moorhouse 2013] that can grow and be used to predict options for future projects [D’Angelo 2022]. The data is augmented by monitoring energy and environmental performance, enabling a growing body of knowledge that can be aligned with existing big data to simulate the benefits of nationwide stock improvement. The paper outlines incremental case studies and collaborative methods pivotal in developing this work The proposed outcome of the work is a Retrofit Genome that is available at a national level.
keywords	Retrofit, Housing, Zero-Carbon, BIM, Big Data, Design Genome
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2023_259
id	ecaade2023_259
authors	Sonne-Frederiksen, Povl Filip, Larsen, Niels Martin and Buthke, Jan
year	2023
title	Point Cloud Segmentation for Building Reuse - Construction of digital twins in early phase building reuse projects
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.327
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 327–336
summary	Point cloud processing has come a long way in the past years. Advances in computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) have enabled its automated recognition and processing. However, few of those developments have made it through to the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Here, optimizing those workflows can reduce time spent on early-phase projects, which otherwise could be spent on developing innovative design solutions. Simplifying the processing of building point cloud scans makes it more accessible and therefore, usable for design, planning and decision-making. Furthermore, automated processing can also ensure that point clouds are processed consistently and accurately, reducing the potential for human error. This work is part of a larger effort to optimize early-phase design processes to promote the reuse of vacant buildings. It focuses on technical solutions to automate the reconstruction of point clouds into a digital twin as a simplified solid 3D element model. In this paper, various ML approaches, among others KPConv Thomas et al. (2019), ShapeConv Cao et al. (2021) and Mask-RCNN He et al. (2017), are compared in their ability to apply semantic as well as instance segmentation to point clouds. Further it relies on the S3DIS Armeni et al. (2017), NYU v2 Silberman et al. (2012) and Matterport Ramakrishnan et al. (2021) data sets for training. Here, the authors aim to establish a workflow that reduces the effort for users to process their point clouds and obtain object-based models. The findings of this research show that although pure point cloud-based ML models enable a greater degree of flexibility, they incur a high computational cost. We found, that using RGB-D images for classifications and segmentation simplifies the complexity of the ML model but leads to additional requirements for the data set. These can be mitigated in the initial process of capturing the building or by extracting the depth data from the point cloud.
keywords	Point Clouds, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Reuse, Digital Twins
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2018_333
id	caadria2018_333
authors	Cupkova, Dana, Byrne, Daragh and Cascaval, Dan
year	2018
title	Sentient Concrete - Developing Embedded Thermal and Thermochromic Interactions for Architecture and Built Environment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.545
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 545-554
summary	Historically, architectural design focused on adaptation of built environment to serve human needs. Recently embedded computation and digital fabrication have advanced means to actuate physical infrastructure in real-time. These 'reactive spaces' have typically explored movement and media as a means to achieve reactivity and physical deformation (Chatting et al. 2017). However, here we recontextualize 'reactive' as finding new mechanisms for permanent and non-deformable everyday materials and environments. In this paper, we describe our ongoing work to create a series of complex forms - modular concrete panels - using thermal, tactile and thermochromic responses controlled by embedded networked system. We create individualized pathways to thermally actuate these surfaces and explore expressive methods to respond to the conditions around these forms - the environment, the systems that support them, their interaction and relationships to human occupants. We outline the design processes to achieve thermally adaptive concrete panels, illustrate interactive scenarios that our system enables, and discuss opportunities for new forms of interactivity within the built environment.
keywords	Responsive environments; Geometrically induced thermodynamics; Ambient devices; Internet of things; Modular electronic systems
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2018_210
id	caadria2018_210
authors	Lin, Yuqiong, Zheng, Jingyun, Yao, Jiawei and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2018
title	Research on Physical Wind Tunnel and Dynamic Model Based Building Morphology Generation Method
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.165
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 165-174
summary	The change of the building morphology directly affects the surrounding environment, while the evaluation of these environment data becomes the main basis for the genetic iterations of the building morphology. Indeed, due to the complexity of the outdoor natural ventilation, multiple factors in the site could be the main reasons for the change of air flow. Thus, the architect is suggested to take the wind environment as the main morphology generation factor in the early stage of the building design. Based on the research results of 2017 DigitalFUTURE Wind Tunnel Visualization Workshop, a novel self-form-finding method in design infancy has been proposed. This method uses Arduino to carry out the dynamic design of the building model, which can not only connect the sensor to monitor the wind environment data, but also contribute the building model to correlate with the wind environment data in real time. The integration of the Arduino platform and the physical wind tunnel can create the possibility of continuous and real-time physical changes, data collection and wind environment simulation, using quantitative environmental factors to control building morphology, and finally achieve the harmony among the building, environment and human.
keywords	Physical wind tunnel; dynamic model; building morphology generation; environmental performance design; wind environment visualization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2018_322
id	caadria2018_322
authors	Lu, Hangxin, Gu, Jiaxi, Li, Jin, Lu, Yao, Müller, Johannes, Wei, Wenwen and Schmitt, Gerhard
year	2018
title	Evaluating Urban Design Ideas from Citizens from Crowdsourcing and Participatory Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.297
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 297-306
summary	Participatory planning aims at engaging multiple stakeholders including citizens in various stages of planning projects. Adopting participatory design approach in the early stage of planning project facilitates the ideation process of citizens. We have implemented a participatory design study during the 2017 Beijing Design Week and have conducted an interactive design project called "Design your perfect Dashilar: You Place it!". Participants including local residents and visitors were asked to redesign the Yangmeizhu street, a historical street located in Dashilar area by rearranging the buildings of residential, commercial, administration, and cultural functionalities. Apart from using digital design tools, questionnaires, interviews, and sensor network were applied to collect personal preferences data. Computational approaches were used to extract features from designs and personal preferences. In this paper, we illustrate the implementation of the participatory design and the possible applications by combining with crowdsourcing. Participatory design data and citizens profiles with personal preferences were analysed and their correlations were computed. By using crowdsourcing and participatory design, this study shows that the digitalization of participatory design with data science perspective can indicate the implicit requirements, needs and design ideas of citizens.
keywords	Participatory design; Crowdsourcing; Human computation; Citizen Design Science; Human Computer Interaction
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2018_209
id	caadria2018_209
authors	Yao, Jiawei, Lin, Yuqiong, Zhao, Yao, Yan, Chao, Li, Changlin and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2018
title	Augmented Reality Technology based Wind Environment Visualization
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.369
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 369-377
summary	Considering the outdoor environment at the initial stage of design process plays a significant role on future building performance. Augmented Reality (AR) technology applied in this research can integrate real world building morphology information and virtual world ventilation information seamlessly that rapidly and directly provides designers information for observation and evaluation. During the case study of "2017 Shanghai DigitalFUTURE" summer workshop, a research on augmented reality technology based wind environment visualization was carried on. The achievement with an application software not only showed the geometric information of the real world objects (such as buildings), but also the virtual wind environment has displayed. Thus, these two kinds of information can complement and superimpose each other. This AR technology based software brings multiple synthetic together, which can (1) visualize the air flow around buildings that provides designers rapid and direct information for evaluation; (2) deal with wind-environment-related data quantitatively and present in an intuitive, easy-to-interpret graphical way; and (3) be further developed as a visualization system based on built-in environments in the future, which contributes to rapid evaluation of a series of programs at the beginning of the building design.
keywords	Environment visualization; Augmented reality technology; Fast response; Outdoor ventilation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2023_44
id	ecaade2023_44
authors	Mayrhofer-Hufnagl, Ingrid and Ennemoser, Benjamin
year	2023
title	From Linear to Manifold Interpolation: Exemplifying the paradigm shift through interpolation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.419
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 419–429
summary	The advent of artificial intelligence, specifically neural networks, has marked a significant turning point in the field of computation. During such transformative times, we are often faced with a dearth of appropriate vocabulary, which forces us to rely on existing terms, regardless of their inadequacy. This paper argues that the term “interpolation,” typically used in deep learning (DL), is a prime example of this phenomenon. It is not uncommon for beginners to misunderstand its meaning, as DL pioneer Francois Chollet (2017) has noted. This misreading is especially true in the discipline of architecture, and this study aims to demonstrate how the meaning of “interpolation” has evolved in the second digital turn. We begin by illustrating, using 2D data, the difference between linear interpolation in the context of topological figures and its use in DL algorithms. We then demonstrate how 3DGANs can be employed to interpolate across different topologies in complex 3D space, highlighting the distinction between linear and manifold interpolation. In both 2D and 3D examples, our results indicate that the process does not involve continuous morphing but instead resembles the piecing together of a jigsaw puzzle to form many parts of a larger ambient space. Our study reveals how previous architectural research on DL has employed the term “interpolation” without clarifying the crucial differences from its use in the first digital turn. We demonstrate the new possibilities that manifold interpolation offers for architecture, which extend well beyond parametric variations of the same topology.
keywords	Interpolation, 3D Generative Adversarial Networks, Deep Learning, Hybrid Space
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	caadria2020_431
id	caadria2020_431
authors	Kim, Jong Bum, Balakrishnan, Bimal and Aman, Jayedi
year	2020
title	Environmental Performance-based Community Development - A parametric simulation framework for Smart Growth development in the United States
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.873
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 873-882
summary	Smart Growth is an urban design movement initiated by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States (Smart Growth America, 2019). The regulations of Smart Growth control urban morphologies such as building height, use, position, section configurations, faÃ§ade configurations, and materials, which have an explicit association with energy performances. This research aims to analyze and visualize the impact of Smart Growth developments on environmental performances. This paper presents a parametric modeling and simulation framework for Smart Growth developments that can model the potential community development scenarios, simulate the environmental footprints of each parcel, and visualize the results of modeling and simulation. We implemented and examined the proposed framework through a case study of two Smart Growth regulations: Columbia Unified Development Code (UDC) in Missouri (City of Columbia Missouri, 2017) and Overland Park Downtown Form-based Code (FBC) in Kansas City (City of Overland Park, 2017, 2019). Last, we discuss the implementation results, the limitations of the proposed framework, and the future work. We anticipate that the proposed method can improve stakeholders' understanding of how Smart Growth developments are associated with potential environmental footprints from an expeditious and thorough exploration of what-if scenarios of the multiple development schemes.
keywords	Smart Growth; Building Information Modeling (BIM); Parametric Simulation; Solar Radiation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	maver_118
id	maver_118
authors	Maver, Thomas W.
year	2017
title	Digital Heritage's Development in Architecture
source	Territorio 80 (2017) pp. 44-47
summary	For at least 1000 years humankind represented existing and intended building by simple two-dimensional plans and elevations. In the Renaissance, a new-found capability with pen and paper allowed the representation or perspective geometry. These paper-based perspective views, together with plan and elevations, served architects and their clients for the best part of the next 300 years.
email
last changed	2018/03/20 11:45

_id	maver_111
id	maver_111
authors	Maver, Tom
year	2017
title	How ICT is Changing Society’s Role in Architecture
source	Architectural Research Addressing Societal Challenges, Taylor and Francis. ISBN 978-1-138-02966-8
summary	It is a modest four decades since the potential for the application of computers to the design of buildings was first realized by a few academics who are still alive. The author is one such! This presentation provides an outline of these four decades but with an emphasis, not on the technology facilitated the "production" of the architectural process, more upon the "product" ie the quality of the designed artefact. Specifically, the relationship between the OBJECTIVE criteria - the cost and performance - and the SUBJECTIVE criteria - aesthetic, cultural significance, etc. on the relationship between design decisions and their consequences.
email
last changed	2018/03/20 11:45

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