Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	caadria2023_395
id	caadria2023_395
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year	2023
title	Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
summary	As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords	Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

_id	ecaade2018_167
id	ecaade2018_167
authors	Anton, Ana and Abdelmahgoub, Ahmed
year	2018
title	Ceramic Components - Computational Design for Bespoke Robotic 3D Printing on Curved Support
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.071
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 71-78
summary	Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of affordable customisation of construction elements. This paper presents a computational design method developed for 3D printing of unique interlocking ceramic components, which assemble into segmented columns. The fabrication method is ceramic-paste extrusion, robotically placed on semi-cylindrical molds. Material system and fabrication setup contribute to the development of an integrated generative system which includes overall design, assembly logic and printing tool-path. By contextualizing clay extrusion and identifying challenges in bespoke tool-path generation, this paper discusses detailing opportunities in digital fabrication. Finally, it identifies future directions of research in extrusion-based printing.
keywords	CAAD education; generative design; robotic 3D printing; clay extrusion; curved support
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia18_312
id	acadia18_312
authors	Ariza, Inés; Mirjan, Ammar; Gandia, Augusto; Casas, Gonzalo; Cros, Samuel; Gramazio, Fabio; Kohler, Matthias.
year	2018
title	In Place Detailing. Combining 3D printing and robotic assembly
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.312
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 312-321
summary	This research presents a novel construction method that links robotic assembly and in place 3D printing. Rather than producing custom joints in a separate prefabrication process, our approach enables creating highly customized connection details that are 3D printed directly onto off-the-shelf building members during their assembly process. Challenging the current fashion of highly predetermined joints in digital construction, detailing in place offers an adaptive fabrication method, enabling the expressive tailoring of connection details addressing its specific architectural conditions. In the present research, the in place detailing strategy is explored through robotic wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a metal 3D printing technique based on MIG welding. The robotic WAAM process coupled with localization and path-planning strategies allows a local control of the detail geometry enabling the fabrication of customized welded connections that can compensate material and construction tolerances. The paper outlines the potential of 3D printing in place details, describes methods and techniques to realize them and shows experimental results that validate the approach.
keywords	work in progress, fabrication & robotics, robotic production, materials/adaptive systems, architectural detailing
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2018_342
id	caadria2018_342
authors	Bhagat, Nikita, Rybkowski, Zofia, Kalantar, Negar, Dixit, Manish, Bryant, John and Mansoori, Maryam
year	2018
title	Modulating Natural Ventilation to Enhance Resilience Through Modifying Nozzle Profiles - Exploring Rapid Prototyping Through 3D-Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.185
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 185-194
summary	The study aimed to develop and test an environmentally friendly, easily deployable, and affordable solution for socio-economically challenged populations of the world. 3D-printing (additive manufacturing) was used as a rapid prototyping tool to develop and test a façade system that would modulate air velocity through modifying nozzle profiles to utilize natural cross ventilation techniques in order to improve human comfort in buildings. Constrained by seasonal weather and interior partitions which block the ability to cross ventilate, buildings can be equipped to perform at reduced energy loads and improved internal human comfort by using a façade system composed of retractable nozzles developed through this empirical research. This paper outlines the various stages of development and results obtained from physically testing different profiles of nozzle-forms that would populate the façade system. In addition to optimizing nozzle profiles, the team investigated the potential of collapsible tube systems to permit precise placement of natural ventilation directed at occupants of the built space.
keywords	Natural ventilation; Wind velocity; Rapid prototyping; 3D-printing; Nozzle profiles
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia18_276
id	acadia18_276
authors	Bilotti, Jeremy; Norman, Bennett; Rosenwasser, David; Leo Liu, Jingyang; Sabin, Jenny
year	2018
title	Robosense 2.0. Robotic sensing and architectural ceramic fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.276
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 276-285
summary	Robosense 2.0: Robotic Sensing and Architectural Ceramic Fabrication demonstrates a generative design process based on collaboration between designers, robotic tools, advanced software, and nuanced material behavior. The project employs fabrication tools which are typically used in highly precise and predetermined applications, but uniquely thematizes the unpredictable aspects of these processes as applied to architectural component design. By integrating responsive sensing systems, this paper demonstrates real-time feedback loops which consider the spontaneous agency and intuition of the architect (or craftsperson) rather than the execution of static or predetermined designs. This paper includes new developments in robotics software for architectural design applications, ceramic-deposition 3D printing, sensing systems, materially-driven pattern design, and techniques with roots in the arts and crafts. Considering the increasing accessibility and advancement of 3D printing and robotic technologies, this project seeks to challenge the erasure of materiality: when mistakes or accidents caused by inconsistencies in natural material are avoided or intentionally hidden. Instead, the incorporation of material and user-input data yields designs which are imbued with more nuanced traces of making. This paper suggests the potential for architects and craftspeople to maintain a more direct and active relationship with the production of their designs.
keywords	full paper, fabrication & robotics, robotic production, digital fabrication, digital craft
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia23_v1_166
id	acadia23_v1_166
authors	Chamorro Martin, Eduardo; Burry, Mark; Marengo, Mathilde
year	2023
title	High-performance Spatial Composite 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-171.
summary	This project explores the advantages of employing continuum material topology optimization in a 3D non-standard lattice structure through fiber additive manufacturing processes (Figure 1). Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained rapid adoption in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). However, existing optimization techniques often overlook the mechanical anisotropy of AM processes, resulting in suboptimal structural properties, with a focus on layer-by-layer or planar processes. Materials, processes, and techniques considering anisotropy behavior (Kwon et al. 2018) could enhance structural performance (Xie 2022). Research on 3D printing materials with high anisotropy is limited (Eichenhofer et al. 2017), but it holds potential benefits (Liu et al. 2018). Spatial lattices, such as space frames, maximize structural efficiency by enhancing flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity using minimal material (Woods et al. 2016). From a structural design perspective, specific non-standard lattice geometries offer great potential for reducing material usage, leading to lightweight load-bearing structures (Shelton 2017). The flexibility and freedom of shape inherent to AM offers the possibility to create aggregated continuous truss-like elements with custom topologies.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	caadria2018_181
id	caadria2018_181
authors	Chun, Junho, Lee, Juhun and Park, Daekwon
year	2018
title	TOPO-JOINT - Topology Optimization Framework for 3D-Printed Building Joints
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.205
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 205-214
summary	Joints and connectors are often the most complex element in building assemblies and systems. To ensure the performance of the assemblies and systems, it is critical to optimize the geometry and configurations of the joints based on key functional requirements (e.g., stiffness and thermal exchange). The proposed research focuses on developing a multi-objective topology optimization framework that can be utilized to design highly customized joints and connections for building applications. The optimized joints that often resemble tree structures or bones are fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. This framework is built upon the integration of high-fidelity topology optimization algorithms, additive manufacturing, computer simulations and parametric design. Case studies and numerical applications are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed optimization and additive manufacturing framework. Optimal joint designs from a variety of architectural and structural design considerations, such as stiffness, thermal exchange, and vibration are discussed to provide an insightful interpretation of these interrelationships and their impact on joint performance.
keywords	Topology optimization; parametric design; 3d printing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia18_286
id	acadia18_286
authors	Claire Im, Hyeonji; AlOthman, Sulaiman; García del Castillo, Jose Luis
year	2018
title	Responsive Spatial Print. Clay 3D printing of spatial lattices using real-time model recalibration
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.286
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 286-293
summary	Additive manufacturing processes are typically based on a horizontal discretization of solid geometry and layered deposition of materials, the speed and the rate of which are constant and determined by the stability criteria. New methods are being developed to enable three-dimensional printing of complex self-supporting lattices, expanding the range of possible outcomes in additive manufacturing. However, these processes introduce an increased degree of formal and material uncertainty, which require the development of solutions specific to each medium. This paper describes a development to the 3D printing methodology for clay, incorporating a closed-loop feedback system of material surveying and self-correction to recompute new depositions based on scanned local deviations from the digital model. This Responsive Spatial Print (RSP) method provides several improvements over the Spatial Print Trajectory (SPT) methodology for clay 3D printing of spatial lattices previously developed by the authors. This process compensates for the uncertain material behavior of clay due to its viscosity, malleability, and deflection through constant model recalibration, and it increases the predictability and the possible scale of spatial 3D prints through real-time material-informed toolpath generation. The RSP methodology and early successful results are presented along with new challenges to be addressed due to the increased scale of the possible outcomes.
keywords	work in progress, closed loop system, spatial clay printing, self-supporting lattice, in-situ printking, extrusion rate, material behavior
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2018_292
id	caadria2018_292
authors	Eid Mohamed, Basem, ElKaftangui, Mohamed and Zureikat, Rana
year	2018
title	{In}Formed Panels - Towards Rethinking the Precast Concrete Industry in the UAE
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.287
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 287-296
summary	The convergence of digital design and fabrication technologies have offered architects and designers the means by which to develop customized architectural artifacts, ones that goes beyond the standards of "one size fits all". Such applications have been applied extensively in various architectural practices, and specifically in the realm of industrialized building production, given that they present a suitable model. Although unrecognized within standard precast concrete production, current research acknowledges the need for advanced computer applications for shifting the industry into a digitized process. This paper represent a critical phase of an ongoing research endeavor that aims at rethinking the precast concrete production in the UAE, and MENA region for housing typologies. The project explores possibilities of a new protocol that is focused from design to production, relying on performative design strategies, and possible optimized for large format 3D printing of concrete elements. The aim is to develop an integrated façade panels system that is tailored for design and production; an approach that goes beyond current industry practices.
keywords	Precast Concrete; Industrialized Construction; Evolutionary Design; Optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2018_104
id	ecaade2018_104
authors	Gürsoy, Benay
year	2018
title	From Control to Uncertainty in 3D Printing with Clay
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.021
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 21-30
summary	The use of digital fabrication tools can extend beyond the seamless materialization of the digital model and can continuously inform design ideation through emerging material qualities. Exploring the implications of an approach to digital fabrication that is not based on imposed and rigorous formalisms but on unique and contextual ones constitutes the research agenda. Within this framework, the focus of this paper is on 3D printing with clay. Considering matter not as the static and passive outcome of digitally predetermined form, but as a design generator, a case study on both the materials and tools employed in 3D printing with clay is presented.
keywords	Digital fabrication; additive manufacturing; 3D printing with clay; material computing; uncertainty
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:49

_id	caadria2018_270
id	caadria2018_270
authors	Houda, Maryam and Reinhardt, Dagmar
year	2018
title	Structural Optimisation for 3D Printing Bespoke Geometries
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.235
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 235-244
summary	Current advances in 3D printing technology enable novel design explorations with the potential to inform printing deposition through generative scripting and structural performance analysis. This paper presents ongoing research that involves three scales of operation; a global geometry for multi-skin cellular mesh densities; localised skin-porosity detailing, and material structural optimisation. Centering on a chair as a test case scenario, the research explores the affordances of a serialised, multi-material 3D printing process in the context of digital instruction, customisation, and material efficiency. The paper discusses two case studies with consecutive optimisation, and outlines the benefits and limitations of 3D printing for structural optimisation and multi-material grading in the additive process.
keywords	3D Printing; Bespoke Complexity; Digital Instruction; Mass Customisation; Multi-Material Grading; Robotic Deposition; Structural Optimisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2018_439
id	ecaade2018_439
authors	Jose, Duarte, Nazarian, Shadi and Ashrafi, Negar
year	2018
title	Designing Shelters for 3D-printing - A studio experiment
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.031
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 31-38
summary	This paper describes an architectural design studio experiment, developed with the aim of exploring the interrelationship between the architectural design of basic shelters and additive manufacturing technology (aka 3D printing) using concrete. This fabrication technology has been developed over the past twenty years in various locations Worldwide and there has been some experiments on its use for making buildings. However, these experiments are still very limited in number and results, in the sense that do not fully explore the potential of the technology and its impact on the way we design and make buildings. The studio evolved in the context of a larger project in which a multidisciplinary team of researchers is developing the technology for the additive manufacturing in concrete. Research evolves along three main thrusts of work on materials, systems, and design. The studio introduced students to these various aspects, examined their interrelationships, impacts, and applications in architectural design and construction of buildings. The hope was to collect more information and feedback to inform the overarching research. Results showed the feasibility of the technology and identified issues that need to be addressed in future research.
keywords	additive manufacturing; 3D printing; concrete; design education
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia18_328
id	acadia18_328
authors	Kladeftira, Marirena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2018
title	Printing Whisper Dishes. Large-scale binder jetting for outdoor installations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.328
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 328-335
summary	This research explores the design opportunities of a novel fabrication process for large scale architectural installations suitable for outdoor weather conditions. High resolution, bespoke geometries are easily fabricated at no extra cost in a continuous system using Binder Jet printing technology. The material properties of sandstone are considered a design drive for producing structural paths according to a finite element analysis. Several post processing materials are tested for strengthening the final geometry and providing a water resistant solution. The process is tested in a large, 1:1 sound installation of a pair of acoustic mirrors. First, this paper describes the specific potential and challenges of Binder Jet printing for outdoor applications. It, then, outlines the design principles of the sound device, the acoustic mirror, and their integration into a digital model. Finally, the computational design strategy is described, including topology optimization to reduce the weight/material and the integration of functional details
keywords	work in progress, 3d printing, form finding, digital fabrication, building technologies
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2018_233
id	ecaade2018_233
authors	Kontiza, Iacovina, Spathi, Theodora and Bedarf, Patrick
year	2018
title	Spatial Graded Patterns - A case study for large-scale differentiated space frame structures utilising high-speed 3D-printed joints
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.039
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 39-46
summary	Geometric differentiation is no longer a production setback for industrial grade architectural components. This paper introduces a design and fabrication workflow for non-repetitive large-scale space frame structures composed of custom-manufactured nodes, which exploits the advantages of latest advancements in 3D-printing technology. By integrating design, fabrication and material constraints into a computational methodology, the presented approach addresses additive manufacturing of functional industry-grade parts in short time, high speed and low cost. The resulting case study of a 4.5 x 4.5 x 2.5 m lightweight kite structure comprises 1380 versatile fully-customised connectors and outlines the manifold potential of additive manufacturing for architecture much bigger than the machine built space. First, after briefly introducing space frames in architecture, this paper discusses the computational framework of generating irregular space frames and parametric joint design. Second, it examines the advantages of MJF printing in conjunction with integrating smart sequencing details for the following assembly process. Finally, a conclusive outlook is given on improvements and further developments for bespoke 3D-printed space frame structures.
keywords	3D-printing; Multi-Jet Fusion; Space Frame; Graded Subdivision
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2020_434
id	caadria2020_434
authors	Lange, Christian, Ratoi, Lidia and Co, Dominic Lim
year	2020
title	Reformative Coral Habitats - Rethinking Artificial Reef structures through a robotic 3D clay printing method.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.463
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 463-472
summary	In 2018 after Typhoon Mangkhut hit Hong Kong, the city lost around 80% of its existing corals. As a consequence, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects have developed a series of performative structures that will be deployed in Hong Kong waters intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. This paper describes the present research that focuses on the design and fabrication of artificial reef structures utilizing a robotic 3d clay printing method addressing the specificities of Hong Kong marine ecologies. The paper describes further the algorithmic design methodology, the optimization processes in the generation of the printing path, and the methodology for the fabrication processes during the production cycle to achieve even quality and prevent cracking during the drying process.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; 3D clay printing; Artificial Coral Reefs; Computational Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia20_164p
id	acadia20_164p
authors	Lange, Christian; Ratoi, Lidia; Co Lim, Dominic; Hu, Jason; Baker, David M.; Yu, Vriko; Thompson, Phil
year	2020
title	Reformative Coral Habitats
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 164-169
summary	Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecologies in the marine world. They are the habitat to tens of thousands of different marine species. However, these wildlife environments are endangered across the globe. Recent research estimates that around 75 percent of the remaining coral reefs are currently under threat. In 2018 after a devastating storm, Hong Kong lost around 80% of its existing corals. Consequently, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects at The University of Hong Kong has developed a series of performative structures that have been deployed in the city's waters in July 2020, intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. The project was commissioned by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD) and is part of an ongoing active management measure for coral restoration in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong. The following objectives were defined as part of the design and fabrication research of the project. To develop a design strategy that builds on the concept of biomimicry to allow for complex spaces to occur that would provide attributes against the detachment of the inserted coral fragment, hence could enhance a diverse marine life specific to the context of the cities water conditions. To generate an efficient printing path that accommodates the specific morphological design criteria and ensures structural integrity and the functional aspects of the design. To develop an efficient fabrication process with a DIW 3D printing methodology that considers warping, shrinkage, and cracking in the clay material. The research team developed a method that combined an algorithmic design approach for the design of different geometries with a digital additive manufacturing process utilizing robotic 3D clay printing. The overall fabrication strategy for the complex and large pieces sought to ensure structural longevity, optimize production time, and tackle the involved double-sided printing method. Overall, 128 tiles were printed, covering roughly 40sqm of the seabed.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	ecaade2018_427
id	ecaade2018_427
authors	Matcha, Heike, Ljubas, Ante and Gueldemet, Harun
year	2018
title	Printing a Coffee Bar - An investigation into mid-scale 3D printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.059
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 59-68
summary	We present and discuss an exploration of the possibilities and properties of 3D printing with a printing space of 1 cubic meter, and how those can be integrated into architectural education through an experimental design and research course with students of architecture.We expand on issues presented at the eCAADe conference 2017 in Rome [Ref 6] by increasing the complexity and size of our prints, printing not a model to scale, but a full scale funtional prototype of a usable architectural object: A coffee bar.
keywords	3D Printing; Parametric Modelling; Full Scale Project
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia18_434
id	acadia18_434
authors	Meibodi, Mania Aghaei ; Jipa, Andrei; Giesecke, Rena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Leschok, Matthias; Graser, Konrad; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2018
title	Smart Slab. Computational design and digital fabrication of a lightweight concrete slab
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.434
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 434-443
summary	This paper presents a computational design approach and novel digital fabrication method for an optimized lightweight concrete slab using a 3D-printed formwork. Smart Slab is the first concrete slab fabricated with a 3D-printed formwork. It is a lightweight concrete slab, displaying three-dimensional geometric differentiation on multiple scales. The optimization of slab systems can have a large impact on buildings: more compact slabs allow for more usable space within the same building volume, refined structural concepts allow for material reduction, and integrated prefabrication can reduce complexity on the construction site. Among the main challenges is that optimized slab geometries are difficult to fabricate in a conventional way because non-standard formworks are very costly. Novel digital fabrication methods such as additive manufacturing of concrete can provide a solution, but until now the material properties and the surface quality only allow for limited applications. The fabrication approach presented here therefore combines the geometric freedom of 3D binderjet printing of formworks with the structural performance of fiber reinforced concrete. Using 3D printing to fabricate sand formwork for concrete, enables the prefabrication of custom concrete slab elements with complex geometric features with great precision. In addition, space for building systems such as sprinklers and Lighting could be integrated in a compact way. The design of the slab is based on a holistic computational model which allows fast design optimization and adaptation, the integration of the planning of the building systems, and the coordination of the multiple fabrication processes involved with an export of all fabrication data. This paper describes the context, design drivers, and digital design process behind the Smart Slab, and then discusses the digital fabrication system used to produce it, focusing on the 3D-printed formwork. It shows that 3D printing is already an attractive alternative for custom formwork solutions, especially when strategically combined with other CNC fabrication methods. Note that smart slab is under construction and images of finished elements can be integrated within couple of weeks.
keywords	full paper, digital fabrication, computation, generative design, hybrid practices
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia18_266
id	acadia18_266
authors	Molloy, Isabella; Miller, Tim
year	2018
title	Digital Dexterity. Freeform 3D printing through direct toolpath manipulation for crafted artifacts
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.266
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 266-275
summary	The research presented here investigates an approach to FDM Freeform 3D printing that fully utilizes simultaneous x, y, z axis movement for the production of designed artefacts. Most Freeform printing techniques create bands of space frame type structures, often defined by structural pursuits. Here, a Form Responsive Method is used, which exploits the design opportunities of synchronized three-dimensional movement depositing extrudate in patterns of lines and curves that embrace functional, aesthetic and tectonic qualities, all influenced by an industrial design perspective. The system allows the designer complete control of the pattern and deposition of the material in relation to the printed artefact. The form and details are designed concurrently by direct manipulation of the toolpath whilst considering material deposition and structural integrity. This method of working requires intimate understanding and control of both software and hardware to craft the artefact to the desired design. Different aspects of the technique and challenges are described and discussed through a range of artefacts of different scales from utensils to furniture items.
keywords	full paper, freeform 3d printing, industrial design, digital craft
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

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