CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id acadia23_v1_166
id acadia23_v1_166
authors Chamorro Martin, Eduardo; Burry, Mark; Marengo, Mathilde
year 2023
title High-performance Spatial Composite 3D Printing
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-171.
summary This project explores the advantages of employing continuum material topology optimization in a 3D non-standard lattice structure through fiber additive manufacturing processes (Figure 1). Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained rapid adoption in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). However, existing optimization techniques often overlook the mechanical anisotropy of AM processes, resulting in suboptimal structural properties, with a focus on layer-by-layer or planar processes. Materials, processes, and techniques considering anisotropy behavior (Kwon et al. 2018) could enhance structural performance (Xie 2022). Research on 3D printing materials with high anisotropy is limited (Eichenhofer et al. 2017), but it holds potential benefits (Liu et al. 2018). Spatial lattices, such as space frames, maximize structural efficiency by enhancing flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity using minimal material (Woods et al. 2016). From a structural design perspective, specific non-standard lattice geometries offer great potential for reducing material usage, leading to lightweight load-bearing structures (Shelton 2017). The flexibility and freedom of shape inherent to AM offers the possibility to create aggregated continuous truss-like elements with custom topologies.
series ACADIA
type project
email eduardochamorromartin@gmail.com
last changed 2024/04/17 13:58

_id caadria2018_181
id caadria2018_181
authors Chun, Junho, Lee, Juhun and Park, Daekwon
year 2018
title TOPO-JOINT - Topology Optimization Framework for 3D-Printed Building Joints
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.205
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 205-214
summary Joints and connectors are often the most complex element in building assemblies and systems. To ensure the performance of the assemblies and systems, it is critical to optimize the geometry and configurations of the joints based on key functional requirements (e.g., stiffness and thermal exchange). The proposed research focuses on developing a multi-objective topology optimization framework that can be utilized to design highly customized joints and connections for building applications. The optimized joints that often resemble tree structures or bones are fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. This framework is built upon the integration of high-fidelity topology optimization algorithms, additive manufacturing, computer simulations and parametric design. Case studies and numerical applications are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed optimization and additive manufacturing framework. Optimal joint designs from a variety of architectural and structural design considerations, such as stiffness, thermal exchange, and vibration are discussed to provide an insightful interpretation of these interrelationships and their impact on joint performance.
keywords Topology optimization; parametric design; 3d printing
series CAADRIA
email dpark103@syr.edu
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id ecaade2018_434
id ecaade2018_434
authors Hünkar, Ertunç and Figueiredo, Bruno Acácio Ferreira
year 2018
title 3D Printing of High Strength and Multi-Scaled Fragmented Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.173
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 173-178
summary Our research aims to push the limits of 3D printing towards the structural design and optimization. Additive manufacturing has an unique feature which is printing multi-faced complex geometries as easy as simple ones. Therefore additive manufacturing creates the chance of producing really small scaled complex forms. In a structural network, it can be easily understood that the more geometric variations to respond stress, the more adaptive structure will become to respond structural needs. The structural reaction is to be fictionalized by procedural operations and analysis that will be a tool to design multi-scaled fragmented structures. Those operations is to use the structural analysis and material reactions. Their iteration with the overall geometry will form the geometric generations. However the verification of the generations as outcomes of a real 3D printer is crucial. To verify, the precision of additive manufacturing should be sensitive enough that the structural element will function as it's simulated in computer with the algorithm. The sensitivity is important because, even couple of micro-sized problems can cause bigger ones in the structural element itself. The combination of all these variables can enable an initial geometry, to be able to adapt the stuructural needs in every additive generation.
keywords Additive Manufacturing(AM); Structural Optimization; Selective Laser Sintering(SLS); Structural Design; Shape Grammars; Design Computation
series eCAADe
email ertunchunkar@gmail.com
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id ecaade2018_233
id ecaade2018_233
authors Kontiza, Iacovina, Spathi, Theodora and Bedarf, Patrick
year 2018
title Spatial Graded Patterns - A case study for large-scale differentiated space frame structures utilising high-speed 3D-printed joints
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.039
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 39-46
summary Geometric differentiation is no longer a production setback for industrial grade architectural components. This paper introduces a design and fabrication workflow for non-repetitive large-scale space frame structures composed of custom-manufactured nodes, which exploits the advantages of latest advancements in 3D-printing technology. By integrating design, fabrication and material constraints into a computational methodology, the presented approach addresses additive manufacturing of functional industry-grade parts in short time, high speed and low cost. The resulting case study of a 4.5 x 4.5 x 2.5 m lightweight kite structure comprises 1380 versatile fully-customised connectors and outlines the manifold potential of additive manufacturing for architecture much bigger than the machine built space. First, after briefly introducing space frames in architecture, this paper discusses the computational framework of generating irregular space frames and parametric joint design. Second, it examines the advantages of MJF printing in conjunction with integrating smart sequencing details for the following assembly process. Finally, a conclusive outlook is given on improvements and further developments for bespoke 3D-printed space frame structures.
keywords 3D-printing; Multi-Jet Fusion; Space Frame; Graded Subdivision
series eCAADe
email bedarf@arch.ethz.ch
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id ecaaderis2018_111
id ecaaderis2018_111
authors Kontovourkis, Odysseas and Tryfonos, George
year 2018
title An integrated robotically-driven workflow for the development of elastic tensile structures in various scales
source Odysseas Kontovourkis (ed.), Sustainable Computational Workflows [6th eCAADe Regional International Workshop Proceedings / ISBN 9789491207143], Department of Architecture, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus, 24-25 May 2018, pp. 111-120
keywords This paper presents an ongoing work towards the development of an integrated robotically-driven workflow that can be used for the design, development and subsequent fabrication of small-to large-scale elastic tensile mesh structures. This approach involves digital form-finding and optimization, driven by robotic manufacturing principles and it aims to overcome the limitations of currently available tools, to work either in the design or the fabrication phase of the process. At the same time, it involves the fabrication of systems in several scales followed by respective analyses of results according to the specific type and diameter of the material used. Specifically, form-finding and optimization are responsible for controlling the pretension of the elastic threads, aiming to determine the final tensile mesh and to generate the additive robotic tool-path. In parallel, the type and diameter of the material involved, define the necessary changes of the end-effector tool, which is responsible to implement the process. Despite that design results can be in any scale, for study purposes an experimentation into a small-scale is conducted, to evaluate the suggested automated construction process in general and the end-effector mechanism in particular.
series eCAADe
email kontovourkis.odysseas@ucy.ac.cy
last changed 2018/05/29 14:33

_id acadia18_260
id acadia18_260
authors Tish, Daniel; Schork, Tim; McGee, Wes
year 2018
title Topologically Optimized and Functionally Graded Cable Nets. New approaches through robotic additive manufacturing
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.260
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 260-265
summary Recent advancements in the realm of additive manufacturing technologies have made it possible to directly manufacture the complex geometries that are resultant from topological optimization and functionally graded material processes. Topological optimization processes are well understood and widely used within the realm of structural engineering and have been increasingly adopted in architectural design and research. However, there has been little research devoted to the topological optimization of cable nets and their fabrication through robotic additive manufacturing. This paper presents a design framework for the optimization of additively manufactured tensile cable nets that attempts to bridge between these two domains by reframing the scale of topological optimization processes. Instead of focusing solely on the topology optimization at the macro-scale of cable nets, this research develops a method to optimize the meso-scale topology and defines metamaterial units with different properties to be aggregated into a complex whole. This reorientation from the formal towards the material domain signals an engagement with morphogenetic modes of design that find formal expression through bottom-up material processes. In order to further investigate the emerging potentials of this reorientation, the presented method is validated through physical deformation tests, as well as applied to the design of a furniture-scale case study project realized through the use of robotic additive manufacturing of elastomeric materials
keywords work in progress, materials & adaptive systems, robotic production, computation, flexible structures
series ACADIA
type paper
email dantish@umich.edu
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id cdrf2023_526
id cdrf2023_526
authors Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year 2023
title Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series cdrf
email eric.peterson@fiu.edu
last changed 2024/05/29 14:04

_id acadia20_164p
id acadia20_164p
authors Lange, Christian; Ratoi, Lidia; Co Lim, Dominic; Hu, Jason; Baker, David M.; Yu, Vriko; Thompson, Phil
year 2020
title Reformative Coral Habitats
source ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 164-169
summary Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecologies in the marine world. They are the habitat to tens of thousands of different marine species. However, these wildlife environments are endangered across the globe. Recent research estimates that around 75 percent of the remaining coral reefs are currently under threat. In 2018 after a devastating storm, Hong Kong lost around 80% of its existing corals. Consequently, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects at The University of Hong Kong has developed a series of performative structures that have been deployed in the city's waters in July 2020, intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. The project was commissioned by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD) and is part of an ongoing active management measure for coral restoration in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong. The following objectives were defined as part of the design and fabrication research of the project. To develop a design strategy that builds on the concept of biomimicry to allow for complex spaces to occur that would provide attributes against the detachment of the inserted coral fragment, hence could enhance a diverse marine life specific to the context of the cities water conditions. To generate an efficient printing path that accommodates the specific morphological design criteria and ensures structural integrity and the functional aspects of the design. To develop an efficient fabrication process with a DIW 3D printing methodology that considers warping, shrinkage, and cracking in the clay material. The research team developed a method that combined an algorithmic design approach for the design of different geometries with a digital additive manufacturing process utilizing robotic 3D clay printing. The overall fabrication strategy for the complex and large pieces sought to ensure structural longevity, optimize production time, and tackle the involved double-sided printing method. Overall, 128 tiles were printed, covering roughly 40sqm of the seabed.
series ACADIA
type project
email cjlange@hku.hk
last changed 2021/10/26 08:03

_id acadia18_434
id acadia18_434
authors Meibodi, Mania Aghaei ; Jipa, Andrei; Giesecke, Rena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Leschok, Matthias; Graser, Konrad; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year 2018
title Smart Slab. Computational design and digital fabrication of a lightweight concrete slab
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.434
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 434-443
summary This paper presents a computational design approach and novel digital fabrication method for an optimized lightweight concrete slab using a 3D-printed formwork. Smart Slab is the first concrete slab fabricated with a 3D-printed formwork. It is a lightweight concrete slab, displaying three-dimensional geometric differentiation on multiple scales. The optimization of slab systems can have a large impact on buildings: more compact slabs allow for more usable space within the same building volume, refined structural concepts allow for material reduction, and integrated prefabrication can reduce complexity on the construction site. Among the main challenges is that optimized slab geometries are difficult to fabricate in a conventional way because non-standard formworks are very costly. Novel digital fabrication methods such as additive manufacturing of concrete can provide a solution, but until now the material properties and the surface quality only allow for limited applications. The fabrication approach presented here therefore combines the geometric freedom of 3D binderjet printing of formworks with the structural performance of fiber reinforced concrete. Using 3D printing to fabricate sand formwork for concrete, enables the prefabrication of custom concrete slab elements with complex geometric features with great precision. In addition, space for building systems such as sprinklers and Lighting could be integrated in a compact way. The design of the slab is based on a holistic computational model which allows fast design optimization and adaptation, the integration of the planning of the building systems, and the coordination of the multiple fabrication processes involved with an export of all fabrication data. This paper describes the context, design drivers, and digital design process behind the Smart Slab, and then discusses the digital fabrication system used to produce it, focusing on the 3D-printed formwork. It shows that 3D printing is already an attractive alternative for custom formwork solutions, especially when strategically combined with other CNC fabrication methods. Note that smart slab is under construction and images of finished elements can be integrated within couple of weeks.
keywords full paper, digital fabrication, computation, generative design, hybrid practices
series ACADIA
type paper
email mania.meibodi@gmail.com
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id sigradi2018_1435
id sigradi2018_1435
authors Paixão Silva Campolongo, Eduardo Luisi; C. Vincent, Charles
year 2018
title Optimization of a constructive system of subtractive digital fabrication: Prototypes and tests os fitting system
source SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 423-433
summary Aiming the application of digital fabrication in the production of architectural structures, the experiment described in this work focuses on the constructive system in wood from connections machined in a CNC Router. We aim to reduce costs, machining time, weight and reach structural improvements in the system. This article describes the process of design, fabrication and structural tests adapting the open source constructive system of subtractive digital manufacturing (wikihouse).
keywords Wikihouse; Digital fabrication; Wood joints; Experimentation; CNC router
series SIGRADI
email eduardocampolongo@hotmail.com
last changed 2021/03/28 19:59

_id ecaade2018_409
id ecaade2018_409
authors Sousa, José Pedro, Azambuja Varela, Pedro de, Carvalho, Jo?o, Santos, Rafael and Oliveira, Manuel
year 2018
title Mass-customization of Joints for Non-Standard Structures through Additive Manufacturing - The Trefoil and the TriArch projects
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.197
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 197-204
summary Due to recent advancements, additive manufacturing technologies (AM) have finally addressed the scale and materiality in architecture. The exploration of its capabilities has balanced between the idea of printing entire structures and buildings, and that of printing just a set of selected parts that will integrate and affect the final construction. In the context of the latter approach, this paper present a research work developed by the Digital Fabrication Laboratory (DFL) at FAUP, which is focused in the design and fabrication of non-standard structures. By discussing the relevance of non-standardization in architecture, the paper describes and illustrates two projects that explore the mass production of customized joints through computational design methods and AM technologies - the TREFOIL and the TRI-ARCH structures. By focusing the attention just in the smallest component of a structure, the paper argues about the short-term potential of the real impact of AM technologies in the design thinking and materialization of architectural structures.
keywords Non-standard structures; Additive Manufacturing; 3D Printing; Computational Design; Mass Customization
series eCAADe
email jsousa@arq.up.pt
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id caadria2018_121
id caadria2018_121
authors Wit, Andrew John
year 2018
title Cloudmagnet, A CFRP Framework for Flexible Architectures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.049
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 49-58
summary To examine CFRP's viability within architectural practice, this paper explores new possibilities and methodologies for the materials integration into the design and production processes. Through the lens of the /One Day House/ initiative and its recent subproject /cloudMAGNET/, this paper explores and evaluates new typologies of formwork and winding techniques for CFRP based structures derived from tensile modeling and CFD analysis. Through examinations in cored and sacrificial coreless winding, this paper outlines new formal, structural, adaptive and production possibilities afforded by the integration of CFRP into the architectural workflow.
keywords additive manufacturing; composites; carbon fiber; form finding; analog / digital fabrication
series CAADRIA
email andrew.wit@temple.edu
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id cdrf2021_286
id cdrf2021_286
authors Yimeng Wei, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu,Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova
year 2021
title Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27
source Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)

summary There are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_ProgrammableWater-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
series cdrf
email yimeng.wei@iaac.net
last changed 2022/09/29 07:53

_id caadria2018_165
id caadria2018_165
authors Yuan, Philip F., Chai, Hua and Jin, Jinxi
year 2018
title Digital Form-Finding and Fabrication of Strained Gridshells with Complex Geometries
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.267
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 267-276
summary Strained gridshells has been one of the most efficient structure system to cover large spans by lightweight construction. Nevertheless, gridshells structure has been seldom used due to the difficulties in gridshells form-finding and erection, as well as its limitation of morphological possibilities. In this regard, this paper aims to provide an integrated design and fabrication approach for extending the application of strained gridshells into the field of complex geometries. First, a form-finding method for complex gridshells design was put forward and tested taking Enneper surface as examples; secondly, the form-finding result was further developed into a gridshells system consisting of continuous laths, rotatable joints and rigid edge beams, which were optimized afterwards based on the structural simulation result with Finite Element Analysis. Third, the construction difficulties of this system were fully addressed in the robotic fabrication and erection process of a full scale prototype. This research tries to fully combine the structural characteristics of the strained gridshell with digital fabrication technologies to extend the application of strained gridshells into structures with more complex geometries.
keywords Strained Gridshell; Computational Form-finding; Structural Optimization; Robotic Fabrication
series CAADRIA
email Philipyuan007@tongji.edu.cn
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id caadria2019_664
id caadria2019_664
authors Zhou, Yifan, Zhang, Liming, Wang, Xiang, Chen, Zhewen and Yuan, Philip F.
year 2019
title Exploration of Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication with Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing Techniques
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.143
source M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 143-152
summary This paper discussed the exploration of computational design and robotic fabrication with Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing techniques in a robotic metal printing workshop in Digital Futures 2018. Based on the previous research on structural-performance based design and robotic fabrication, this year's workshop mainly focused on the Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing techniques and its possible outcomes. A prototype chair was tested for preparation. And the final target of the workshop was to build a bridge about 11m across the river. Through this metal printed bridge project, several computational optimization methods were applied to fulfill the final design. And Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing techniques with robotic fabrication were carried out during the fabrication process.
keywords computational design; robotic fabrication; wire-arc additive manufacturing techniques
series CAADRIA
email philipyuan007@tongji.edu.cn
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id acadia18_302
id acadia18_302
authors Zivkovic, Sasa; Battaglia, Christopher
year 2018
title Rough Pass Extrusion Tooling. CNC post-processing of 3D-printed sub-additive concrete lattice structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.302
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 302-311
summary Rough Pass Extrusion Tooling advances the manufacturing precision of full-scale Sub-Additive 3D printed concrete lattices in a three-step process that involves spatial 3D printing, high precision 3D scanning, and CNC post-processing. Utilizing robotics and computation, Sub-Additive Manufacturing (Battaglia et al. 2018) leverages digital workflows to produce structurally, materially, and spatially optimized lightweight concrete building components. Instead of further refining the 3D printing practice towards accuracy, and unlike other research projects that investigate 3D printing and subsequent post-processing, the method proposes to deliberately print a “rough pass”, accommodating any fabrication inaccuracy inevitably resulting from the concrete material and nozzle extrusion process. In a second step, supported by the advancement of 3D scanning, accuracy and geometric intricacy are achieved through locally post-processing components along edges, in pockets, on surfaces, and in areas of joinery. Rough Pass Extrusion Tooling enables the incorporation of higher fabrication tolerances as well as the integration of building systems, hardware, and complex connections. The method takes full advantage of the 3D printing process while introducing means to dramatically increase fabrication precision. Procedural infidelity – not aiming to solve accuracy through 3D printing alone – enables the development of a technically, methodologically, aesthetically, and performatively progressive multi-process fabrication method which opens a new realm for concrete printing accuracy. This paper closely examines CNC post-processing for Sub-Additive concrete print assemblies, addressing methodologies, opportunities, and shortcomings of such an approach.
keywords full paper, fabrication & robotics, materials/adaptive systems, digital craft, fabrication tolerances
series ACADIA
type paper
email zivkovic.sa@gmail.com
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id caadria2018_304
id caadria2018_304
authors Amtsberg, Felix and Raspall, Felix
year 2018
title Bamboo?
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.245
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 245-254
summary The presented paper discusses the combination of cutting edge technology (i.e. 3D-pinting) and raw natural grown resources (i.e. bamboo) to develop resource efficient load carrying truss structures in architectural scale. Via visual sensing the individual material properties of various bamboo poles are analyzed and directly used to inform the digital model. Comparing load carrying capacity of the bamboo pole and structural requirements of the design, the poles are placed and the connections designed. Conventional 3D-pinters produce the nodes and connectors and enable to merge natural and "digital" materiality.
keywords visual sensing; digital fabrication; material individuality; 3d-printing; bamboo
series CAADRIA
email felix_amtsberg@sutd.edu.sg
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2018_167
id ecaade2018_167
authors Anton, Ana and Abdelmahgoub, Ahmed
year 2018
title Ceramic Components - Computational Design for Bespoke Robotic 3D Printing on Curved Support
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.071
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 71-78
summary Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of affordable customisation of construction elements. This paper presents a computational design method developed for 3D printing of unique interlocking ceramic components, which assemble into segmented columns. The fabrication method is ceramic-paste extrusion, robotically placed on semi-cylindrical molds. Material system and fabrication setup contribute to the development of an integrated generative system which includes overall design, assembly logic and printing tool-path. By contextualizing clay extrusion and identifying challenges in bespoke tool-path generation, this paper discusses detailing opportunities in digital fabrication. Finally, it identifies future directions of research in extrusion-based printing.
keywords CAAD education; generative design; robotic 3D printing; clay extrusion; curved support
series eCAADe
email anton@arch.ethz.ch
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia18_312
id acadia18_312
authors Ariza, Inés; Mirjan, Ammar; Gandia, Augusto; Casas, Gonzalo; Cros, Samuel; Gramazio, Fabio; Kohler, Matthias.
year 2018
title In Place Detailing. Combining 3D printing and robotic assembly
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.312
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 312-321
summary This research presents a novel construction method that links robotic assembly and in place 3D printing. Rather than producing custom joints in a separate prefabrication process, our approach enables creating highly customized connection details that are 3D printed directly onto off-the-shelf building members during their assembly process. Challenging the current fashion of highly predetermined joints in digital construction, detailing in place offers an adaptive fabrication method, enabling the expressive tailoring of connection details addressing its specific architectural conditions. In the present research, the in place detailing strategy is explored through robotic wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a metal 3D printing technique based on MIG welding. The robotic WAAM process coupled with localization and path-planning strategies allows a local control of the detail geometry enabling the fabrication of customized welded connections that can compensate material and construction tolerances. The paper outlines the potential of 3D printing in place details, describes methods and techniques to realize them and shows experimental results that validate the approach.
keywords work in progress, fabrication & robotics, robotic production, materials/adaptive systems, architectural detailing
series ACADIA
type paper
email ariza@arch.ethz.ch
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id acadia18_366
id acadia18_366
authors Baseta, Efilena; Bollinger, Klaus
year 2018
title Construction System for Reversible Self-Formation of Grid Shells. Correspondence between physical and digital form
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.366
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 366-375
summary This paper presents a construction system which offers an efficient materialization method for double-curved gridshells. This results in an active-bending system of controlled deflections. The latter system embeds its construction manual into the geometry of its components. Thus it can be used as a self-formation process. The two presented gridshell structures are composed of geometry-induced, variable stiffness elements. The latter elements are able to form programmed shapes passively when gravitational loads are applied. Each element consists of two layers and a slip zone between them. The slip allows the element to be flexible when it is straight and increasingly stiffer while its curvature increases. The amplitude of the slip defines the final deformation of the element. As a result, non-uniform deformations can be obtained with uniform cross sections and loads. When the latter elements are used in grid configurations, self-formation of initially planar surfaces emerges. The presented system eliminates the need for electromechanical equipment since it relies on material properties and hierarchical geometrical configurations. Wood, as a flexible and strong material, has been used for the construction of the prototypes. The fabrication of the timber laths has been done via CNC industrial milling processes. The comparison between the initial digital design and the resulting geometry of the physical prototypes is reviewed in this paper. The aim is to inform the design and fabrication process with performance data extracted from the prototypes. Finally, the scalability of the system shows its potential for large-scale applications, such as transformable structures.
keywords full paper, material & adaptive systems, flexible structures, digital fabrication, self-formation
series ACADIA
type paper
email efilena@noumena.io
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

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