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CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2018_302
id	caadria2018_302
authors	Lee, Alric, Tei, Hirokazu and Hotta, Kensuke
year	2018
title	Body-Borne Assistive Robots for Human-Dependent Precision Construction - The Compensation of Human Imprecision in Navigating 3-Dimensional Space with a Stand-Alone, Adaptive Robotic System
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.545
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 545-554
summary	The rapid growth of complex contemporary architecture design, contributed by the advance in parametric CAD/CAM software, is accompanied by challenges in the production process; it demands both highly trained workers and technical equipments. This paper reviews current technologies in robotics-aided construction and wearable computers for generic purposes, and proposes the design of a robotic device for construction guidance. It guides the user, the worker, through the assembly process of precision modular constructions, by providing procedural mechanical or haptic assistance in the 3-dimensional positioning of building components. The device is designed to be wearable, portable, and operable as a completely stand-alone system that requires no external infrastructure. A prototype of the device is tested with a mock-up masonry construction experiment, the result of which is reported in this paper, along with discussion for future improvement and application opportunities within the context of highly developed, condensed Japanese urban environments. A greater objective of this paper is to bridge current studies in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and digital fabrication in architecture and promote the potentials of human workers in future construction scenes.
keywords	digital fabrication; human-computer interaction; 3d positioning; wearable robotics; guided construction
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia20_574
id	acadia20_574
authors	Nguyen, John; Peters, Brady
year	2020
title	Computational Fluid Dynamics in Building Design Practice
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.574
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 574-583.
summary	This paper provides a state-of-the-art of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in the building industry. Two methods were used to find this new knowledge: a series of interviews with leading architecture, engineering, and software professionals; and a series of tests in which CFD software was evaluated using comparable criteria. The paper reports findings in technology, workflows, projects, current unmet needs, and future directions. In buildings, airflow is fundamental for heating and cooling, as well as occupant comfort and productivity. Despite its importance, the design of airflow systems is outside the realm of much of architectural design practice; but with advances in digital tools, it is now possible for architects to integrate air flow into their building design workflows (Peters and Peters 2018). As Chen (2009) states, “In order to regulate the indoor air parameters, it is essential to have suitable tools to predict ventilation performance in buildings.” By enabling scientific data to be conveyed in a visual process that provides useful analytical information to designers (Hartog and Koutamanis 2000), computer performance simulations have opened up new territories for design “by introducing environments in which we can manipulate and observe” (Kaijima et al. 2013). Beyond comfort and productivity, in recent months it has emerged that air flow may also be a matter of life and death. With the current global pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, it is indoor environments where infections most often happen (Qian et al. 2020). To design architecture in a post-COVID-19 environment will require an in-depth understanding of how air flows through space.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia18_394
id	acadia18_394
authors	Adel, Arash; Thoma, Andreas; Helmreich, Matthias; Gramazio, Fabio; Kohler, Matthias
year	2018
title	Design of Robotically Fabricated Timber Frame Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.394
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 394-403
summary	This paper presents methods for designing nonstandard timber frame structures, which are enabled by cooperative multi-robotic fabrication at building-scale. In comparison to the current use of automated systems in the timber industry for the fabrication of plate-like timber frame components, this research relies on the ability of robotic arms to spatially assemble timber beams into bespoke timber frame modules. This paper investigates the following topics: 1) A suitable constructive system facilitating a just-in-time robotic fabrication process. 2) A set of assembly techniques enabling cooperative multi-robotic spatial assembly of bespoke timber frame modules, which rely on a man-machine collaborative scenario. 3) A computational design process, which integrates architectural requirements, fabrication constraints, and assembly logic. 4) Implementation of the research in the design and construction of a multi-story building, which validates the developed methods and highlights the architectural implications of this approach.
keywords	full paper, fabrication & robotics, generative design, computation, timber architecture
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2018_008
id	caadria2018_008
authors	Crolla, Kristof, Cheng, Paul Hung Hon, Chan, Ding Yuen Shan, Chan, Arthur Ngo Foon and Lau, Darwin
year	2018
title	Inflatable Architecture Production with Cable-Driven Robots
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.009
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 9-18
summary	This paper argues for alternative methods for the in-situ integration of robotics in architectural construction. Rather than promoting off-site pre-fabrication through industrial robot applications, it advocates for suspended, light-weight, cable-driven robots that allow flexible and safe onsite implementation. This paper uses the topic of large-scale inflatable architectural realisation as a study case to test the application of such a robot, here with a laser-cutter as end-effecter. This preliminary study covers the design, development, prototyping, and practical testing of an inherently scale-less cable-driven laser-cutter setup. This setup allows for the non-size specific cutting of inflatable structures' components which can be designed with common physics simulation engines. The developed robotic proof of concept forms the basis for several further and future study possibilities that merge the field of architectural design and implementation with mechanical and automation engineering.
keywords	Cable-driven robots; In-situ robotic fabrication; Large-scale fabrication; Inflatable architecture; Cross-disciplinarily
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	acadia18_232
id	acadia18_232
authors	Kilian, Axel
year	2018
title	The Flexing Room Architectural Robot. An Actuated Active-Bending Robotic Structure using Human Feedback
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.232
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 232-241
summary	Advances in autonomous control of object-scale robots, both anthropomorphic and vehicular, are posing new human–machine interface challenges. In architecture, very few examples of autonomous inhabitable robotic architecture exist. A number of factors likely contribute to this condition, among them the scale and cost of architectural adaptive systems, but on a more fundamental conceptual level also the questions of how architectural robots would communicate with their human inhabitants. The Flexing Room installation is a room-sized actuated active-bending skeleton structure. It uses rudimentary social feedback by counting people to inform its behavior in the form of actuated poses of the room enclosure. An operational full-scale prototype was constructed and tested. To operate it no geometric-based simulation was used; the only communication between computer and structure was in sending values for the air pressure settings and in gathering sensor feedback. The structure’s physical state was resolved through the embodied computation of its interconnected parts, and the people-counting sensor feedback influences its next action. Future work will explore the development of learning processes to improve the human–machine coexistence in space.
keywords	full paper, fabrication & robotics, non-production robotics, materials/adaptive systems, flexible structures
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2018_415
id	ecaade2018_415
authors	Shah, Anand and Sousa, José Pedro
year	2018
title	A Robotically Fabricated Connection System as a Possible Solution for a Free-form "ROBO-WEB" Gridshell which Takes Inspirations from English Fan Vaulted Cathedrals
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.821
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 821-826
summary	Gridshell is a unique category of shell structures, which, by departing from a double-curved resistant form, concentrates the forces in its lattice members. Majority of the gridshell structures use quadrangular or triangular grid patterns because they can easily mesh and it is less complicated to resolve its details. This research project provides a unique robotically fabricated joinery system for free-form gridshells. The research project attempts to increase the versatility in terms of design and feasibility in terms of construction for future gridshell structures. It tries to merge the extremely efficient historical design principles with the new age design and construction methods. The lattice grid for the Robo-Web gridshell takes inspiration from the ribs of the English fan vaulted cathedrals. Based on the experiences gained through the research project the research concludes with a critical discussion of the practical applications and future scope of the free-form lattice grid and robotically fabricated joinery system.
keywords	Gridshell; Robotics; Free-form; Fan-vaults
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2018_080
id	caadria2018_080
authors	Teh, Priscilla, Leung, Chi Kwan, Ng, Cheryl, Amtsberg, Felix and Dritsas, Stylianos
year	2018
title	Robotic Fabrication of Lightweight Surface Assemblies - By Parametric Delamination of Polyurethane-Fabric Components
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.029
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 29-38
summary	This paper presents research work on digital fabrication and architectural robotics with the intent of creating lightweight composite material spatial assemblies comprised of parametrically differentiated components. Our process deploys one-part polyurethane (PU) foam to form units which after force-induced delamination can be stretched to span space and aggregated into surface assemblies at extremely low densities. The process developed and design artefacts produced, investigate creative opportunities in common construction material and robotic digital fabrication methods beyond conventional additive and subtractive manufacturing.
keywords	Material Studies; Digital Fabrication; Architectural Robotics; Parametric Design;
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia23_v3_71
id	acadia23_v3_71
authors	Vassigh, Shahin; Bogosian, Biayna
year	2023
title	Envisioning an Open Knowledge Network (OKN) for AEC Roboticists
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	The construction industry faces numerous challenges related to productivity, sustainability, and meeting global demands (Hatoum and Nassereddine 2020; Carra et al. 2018; Barbosa, Woetzel, and Mischke 2017; Bock 2015; Linner 2013). In response, the automation of design and construction has emerged as a promising solution. In the past three decades, researchers and innovators in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) fields have made significant strides in automating various aspects of building construction, utilizing computational design and robotic fabrication processes (Dubor et al. 2019). However, synthesizing innovation in automation encounters several obstacles. First, there is a lack of an established venue for information sharing, making it difficult to build upon the knowledge of peers. First, the absence of a well-established platform for information sharing hinders the ability to effectively capitalize on the knowledge of peers. Consequently, much of the research remains isolated, impeding the rapid dissemination of knowledge within the field (Mahbub 2015). Second, the absence of a standardized and unified process for automating design and construction leads to the individual development of standards, workflows, and terminologies. This lack of standardization presents a significant obstacle to research and learning within the field. Lastly, insufficient training materials hinder the acquisition of skills necessary to effectively utilize automation. Traditional in-person robotics training is resource-intensive, expensive, and designed for specific platforms (Peterson et al. 2021; Thomas 2013).
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	ecaade2018_221
id	ecaade2018_221
authors	Veliz Reyes, Alejandro, Gomaa, Mohamed, Chatzivasileiadi, Aikaterini, Jabi, Wassim and Wardhana, Nicholas Mario
year	2018
title	Computing Craft - Early stage development of a robotically-supported 3D printing system for cob structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.791
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 791-800
summary	This paper focuses on an ongoing investigation exploring fabrication procedures and methodologies for robotically supported 3D printing utilising cob and other clay-based sustainable building materials, and is part of an ongoing collaboration between Cardiff University and the University of Plymouth. The methodology is that of a prototype development process within the framework of a feasibility studies call supported by the "Connected Everything: Industrial Systems in the Digital Age" EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) network. This project expects to not only reveal technological and design opportunities for 3D printed cob structures, but more broadly to engage with vernacular practice through digital means. As a result, this paper expects to contribute to the discipline by providing a framework engaging with digital practice as a way to bridge the knowledge gap between digitally-driven and vernacular modes of knowledge production, dissemination and representation.
keywords	cob construction; robotics; 3D printing; vernacular architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia18_342
id	acadia18_342
authors	Wu, Kaicong; Kilian, Axel
year	2018
title	Robotic Equilibrium: Scaffold Free Arch Assemblies
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.342
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 342-349
summary	Compression only arch structures are structurally highly efficient in force equilibrium. However, the material efficiency is offset by the traditional use of scaffolds to position materials and counter the out of equilibrium forces during assembly. We introduce a method of sequentially assembling compression only structures without a scaffold by robotically maintaining the compression equilibrium in every step. A two-arm collaborative robotic setup was used to maintain force equilibrium throughout arch assembly with the arms taking turns first hot wire cutting and placing blocks and providing a temporary scaffold to support the arch end point. To test the approach, a single catenary arch was generated using form-finding techniques and sequentially built from foam blocks. Moving forward we show the relationship between the joint valence (largest number of joined branches) of a multi-branched structure and the minimum number of robotic arms required for assembly using our initial technique. With only two robotic arms available, the technique was further developed to reduce the required number of arms per arch branch from two to one by attaching caterpillar tracks at the block supporting end effector. This allows a human to load the next block and the arm to move forward along the arch while maintaining equilibrium. Results show that robotic equilibrium scaffold free arch assembly is possible and can reduce scaffold waste and maintain the material efficiency of compression only structures. Future work will explore further applications of assistive robotics in construction replacing static construction aids with dynamic sensory feedback of equilibrium forces.
keywords	work in progress, collaborative sequential assembly, robotic equilibrium, compression only structures, form finding
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2018_167
id	ecaade2018_167
authors	Anton, Ana and Abdelmahgoub, Ahmed
year	2018
title	Ceramic Components - Computational Design for Bespoke Robotic 3D Printing on Curved Support
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.071
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 71-78
summary	Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of affordable customisation of construction elements. This paper presents a computational design method developed for 3D printing of unique interlocking ceramic components, which assemble into segmented columns. The fabrication method is ceramic-paste extrusion, robotically placed on semi-cylindrical molds. Material system and fabrication setup contribute to the development of an integrated generative system which includes overall design, assembly logic and printing tool-path. By contextualizing clay extrusion and identifying challenges in bespoke tool-path generation, this paper discusses detailing opportunities in digital fabrication. Finally, it identifies future directions of research in extrusion-based printing.
keywords	CAAD education; generative design; robotic 3D printing; clay extrusion; curved support
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2018_237
id	ecaade2018_237
authors	Beir?o, José, Mateus, Nuno and Siopa Alves, Jo?o
year	2018
title	Modular, Flexible, Customizable Housing and 3D Printed - An experiment in architectural education
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.381
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 381-390
summary	Technological developments in construction always bring new expectations in terms of design possibilities. The use of digital tools both in design exploration and applied to explore new forms of computer controlled manufacture provide opportunities for the emergence of new tectonics. Because these transformations change our construction reality fast and with impacts never seen before, it is important that architectural education follows such change and prepares students for what will be their future really, making them capable to accept and incorporate the tectonic implications of digital tools and construction methods in the way they design. This paper shows a tutored approach to mass customized housing resorting to 3D printed parametric modular construction.Please write your abstract here by clicking this paragraph.
keywords	caad education; mass customization; 3D printed housing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2022_368
id	ecaade2022_368
authors	Das, Avishek, Brunsgaard, Camilla and Madsen, Claus Brondgaard
year	2022
title	Understanding the AR-VR Based Architectural Design Workflow among Selected Danish Architecture Practices
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.381
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 381–388
summary	Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have been proposed to be additional architectural design mediums for at least 25 years (Dagit, 1993). Despite rapid technical and technological development, it has not been adopted into architectural design practices as compared to academia and research. Surveys from the American Institute of Architects (AIA) and Royal Institutes of British Architects (RIBA) demonstrate the state of architectural practices; 72% of architects and 65% of architects respectively are not using any kind of virtual, augmented, or mixed reality in their practices(RIBA and Microsoft, 2018; Hampson, 2020). In this paper, the authors investigate the state of practices, issues, challenges, and opportunities of the utilization of virtual, augmented, and mixed realities in six architectural practices in the Danish context. Three of the practices are large architectural practices, one medium-sized practice specializing in institutional, healthcare and cultural architecture, and one firm designing private family houses, kindergartens, daycares and places for people with disability and, one experimental design studio. All these practices have used VR/AR in their projects to various degrees. In recent years Danish architectural practices have been involved in various VR/AR-based exhibitions, demonstrations, and tool developments to promote the usage of the same in design practice. Through a set of qualitative interviews with personnel from key architectural practices, the authors would like to demonstrate the present state of practices. The investigation explores the usage of VR and AR in Danish architecture practices by identifying challenges and opportunities regarding skill levels, architectural typology, use cases, toolchains, and workflow and shows similarities and differences between traditional and VR-based design processes. The main findings show how VR/AR-based visualization helps architects to perceive spatiality and also ushers creativity through immersion and overlays.
keywords	Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, Architectural Design Practice, Denmark
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	caadria2018_343
id	caadria2018_343
authors	Kalantar, Negar and Borhani, Alireza
year	2018
title	Informing Deformable Formworks - Parameterizing Deformation Behavior of a Non-Stretchable Membrane via Kerfing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.339
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 339-348
summary	The process for constructing freeform buildings composed of many non-repetitive shapes and waste-free formwork systems remains relatively unexplored. This research reviews a method for fabricating complex double-curved shapes without utilizing single-use formworks. This work answers questions regarding the manufacturing of these shapes in an environmentally-friendly and economic fashion. The proposed method, called a "transformative formwork," could replace state-of-the-art CNC-milled molds and is potentially suitable for large-scale construction. The transformative formwork uses a stretchable membrane or "interpolation layer" that can be manipulated into any curved surface by using vertical bars capable of being rearranged into different heights. Here, to accurately generate most of the smooth, double-curved surfaces, laser kerfing is used for bending interpolation layer into almost any complex shape. A parametric model simplifies local or global changes to the density of the kerfing patterns, modifying the deformation behavior of the layer. Several kerfed interpolation layers produced for four transformative formworks showed that the application of this method.
keywords	Transformative Formwork, Interpolation Layer, Relief-cut Patterns, Positive & Negative Gaussian Curvatures, Interlocking Archimedean Spiral-Patterns, Kerfing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2018_234
id	ecaade2018_234
authors	Loh, Paul, Leggett, David and Prohasky, Daniel
year	2018
title	CNC Adjustable Mould to Eliminate Waste in Concrete Casting
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.735
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 735-742
summary	Fabricating complex curvature in concrete panel typically required unique one-off formwork which is usually computer numerically controlled (CNC) milled, generating enormous waste as a by-product. What if, we can produce complex curvature in concrete with minimal or no immediate construction waste? This paper presents a novel machine designed by a team of architects and engineer to eliminate waste in concrete casting. Using a hyperbolic paraboloid geometric model, the machine produces variable shape using a single mould design reducing waste and cost to the casting process. The paper discussed the design framework of the system and its fabrication workflow. The outcome is digitally scanned and verified to satisfy industry standard. The paper concludes by reviewing the application of the system and highlighting the need for future research into digital fabrication and design that is less wasteful and waste conscious to better the process of constructing our built environment.
keywords	Digital fabrication; Concrete casting; Adjustable mould
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2018_107
id	ecaade2018_107
authors	Sopher, Hadas, Fisher-Gewirtzman, Dafna and Kalay, Yehuda E.
year	2018
title	Use of Immersive Virtual Environment in the Design Studio - An Assessment Model
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.843
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 843-852
summary	The Architectural Studio is dedicated to teaching students the design process. Students learn by developing an architectural artefact in increasing complexity. They do so through three phases: structuring the problem, developing design proposals and converging decisions into a detailed solution state. This process has been taking place mostly in traditional physical settings. The advent of new technologies, most notably Immersive Virtual Environments (IVEs), introduces a new kind of setting that holds promise to influence the architectural learning process. This paper describes a model we have developed to assess the impact of IVE on this learning process. To do so, we have developed a method for coding learners' design decisions and the way they are developed, accounting for their educational settings - whether a traditional studio classroom or an IVE. The method consists of units we term Knowledge Construction Activities (KCAs) and reveals the relationship between the learning process and the educational setting in which it takes place, through time. The results revealed that the IVE supported extensive design development, especially during the second and third learning phases, calling for an informed integration of IVEs in future Studio syllabi.
keywords	Design Studio; Knowledge Construction Activities; Immersion; Design process; Design analysis
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2018_1367
id	sigradi2018_1367
authors	Valverde Arrotéia, Aline; Paes, Daniel; Irizarry, Javier; Burrattino Melhado, Silvio
year	2018
title	A comparative diagnosis of students’ proficiency in BIM in construction-related graduate programs in Brazil and in the United States
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 991-996
summary	Although BIM has been transforming the AEC industry worldwide, the quality of BIM education is still unclear. In an effort to investigate the current state of BIM integration into higher education curricula, the main goal of this study was to evaluate, compare, and reflect on students’ proficiency in BIM between two very distinct graduate courses in Brazil and in the United States. Findings suggest a critical lack of knowledge, either foundational (in the U.S.) or procedural knowledge (in Brazil). Finally, measures that could improve the students’ proficiency in BIM are suggested.
keywords	Building Information Modeling; Construction education; BIM proficiency; Collaborative environments
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:59

_id	sigradi2018_1353
id	sigradi2018_1353
authors	Verissimo, Cristina
year	2018
title	Cork: New uses in Architecture
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 9780-984
summary	Cork usage is one of the most promising trends in sustainable development of materials, due to its unique natural properties, exceptionally good environmental qualities and its high potential to incorporate innovative technology. It can be reused, and it is built with renewable and reusable materials that contain lower levels of embedded energy and carbon. Today amongst other uses we see cork used as a textile for clothing, in automobile parts, and as a thermal shield in space crafts. However, there is still a lack of information and diffusion within the engineering and architecture sectors; stakeholders lack awareness of how to use and select cork materials for construction, compared with other competing products. This research plans to explore future cork industry developments, cork recycling and new cork-based materials, which are still in various stages of development with enormous potential for construction as an eco-friendly solution. The aim is to test or adapt them to be used in construction, with an emphasis in CAD/CAM fabrication processes. Hoping that in the future there will be greater application in architecture and eventually will contribute to greater sustainability in the construction business as well as the cork sector.
keywords	Cork; Sustainable material; Materials engineers design; Architecture; Culture
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:59

_id	cdrf2021_286
id	cdrf2021_286
authors	Yimeng Wei, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu,Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova
year	2021
title	Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27
source	Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)
summary	There are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_ProgrammableWater-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:53

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