CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id caadria2018_270
id caadria2018_270
authors Houda, Maryam and Reinhardt, Dagmar
year 2018
title Structural Optimisation for 3D Printing Bespoke Geometries
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.235
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 235-244
summary Current advances in 3D printing technology enable novel design explorations with the potential to inform printing deposition through generative scripting and structural performance analysis. This paper presents ongoing research that involves three scales of operation; a global geometry for multi-skin cellular mesh densities; localised skin-porosity detailing, and material structural optimisation. Centering on a chair as a test case scenario, the research explores the affordances of a serialised, multi-material 3D printing process in the context of digital instruction, customisation, and material efficiency. The paper discusses two case studies with consecutive optimisation, and outlines the benefits and limitations of 3D printing for structural optimisation and multi-material grading in the additive process.
keywords 3D Printing; Bespoke Complexity; Digital Instruction; Mass Customisation; Multi-Material Grading; Robotic Deposition; Structural Optimisation
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id acadia18_328
id acadia18_328
authors Kladeftira, Marirena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year 2018
title Printing Whisper Dishes. Large-scale binder jetting for outdoor installations
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.328
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 328-335
summary This research explores the design opportunities of a novel fabrication process for large scale architectural installations suitable for outdoor weather conditions. High resolution, bespoke geometries are easily fabricated at no extra cost in a continuous system using Binder Jet printing technology. The material properties of sandstone are considered a design drive for producing structural paths according to a finite element analysis. Several post processing materials are tested for strengthening the final geometry and providing a water resistant solution. The process is tested in a large, 1:1 sound installation of a pair of acoustic mirrors. First, this paper describes the specific potential and challenges of Binder Jet printing for outdoor applications. It, then, outlines the design principles of the sound device, the acoustic mirror, and their integration into a digital model. Finally, the computational design strategy is described, including topology optimization to reduce the weight/material and the integration of functional details
keywords work in progress, 3d printing, form finding, digital fabrication, building technologies
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id acadia23_v1_166
id acadia23_v1_166
authors Chamorro Martin, Eduardo; Burry, Mark; Marengo, Mathilde
year 2023
title High-performance Spatial Composite 3D Printing
source ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-171.
summary This project explores the advantages of employing continuum material topology optimization in a 3D non-standard lattice structure through fiber additive manufacturing processes (Figure 1). Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained rapid adoption in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). However, existing optimization techniques often overlook the mechanical anisotropy of AM processes, resulting in suboptimal structural properties, with a focus on layer-by-layer or planar processes. Materials, processes, and techniques considering anisotropy behavior (Kwon et al. 2018) could enhance structural performance (Xie 2022). Research on 3D printing materials with high anisotropy is limited (Eichenhofer et al. 2017), but it holds potential benefits (Liu et al. 2018). Spatial lattices, such as space frames, maximize structural efficiency by enhancing flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity using minimal material (Woods et al. 2016). From a structural design perspective, specific non-standard lattice geometries offer great potential for reducing material usage, leading to lightweight load-bearing structures (Shelton 2017). The flexibility and freedom of shape inherent to AM offers the possibility to create aggregated continuous truss-like elements with custom topologies.
series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2024/04/17 13:58

_id acadia20_382
id acadia20_382
authors Hosmer, Tyson; Tigas, Panagiotis; Reeves, David; He, Ziming
year 2020
title Spatial Assembly with Self-Play Reinforcement Learning
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.382
source ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 382-393.
summary We present a framework to generate intelligent spatial assemblies from sets of digitally encoded spatial parts designed by the architect with embedded principles of prefabrication, assembly awareness, and reconfigurability. The methodology includes a bespoke constraint-solving algorithm for autonomously assembling 3D geometries into larger spatial compositions for the built environment. A series of graph-based analysis methods are applied to each assembly to extract performance metrics related to architectural space-making goals, including structural stability, material density, spatial segmentation, connectivity, and spatial distribution. Together with the constraint-based assembly algorithm and analysis methods, we have integrated a novel application of deep reinforcement (RL) learning for training the models to improve at matching the multiperformance goals established by the user through self-play. RL is applied to improve the selection and sequencing of parts while considering local and global objectives. The user’s design intent is embedded through the design of partial units of 3D space with embedded fabrication principles and their relational constraints over how they connect to each other and the quantifiable goals to drive the distribution of effective features. The methodology has been developed over three years through three case study projects called ArchiGo (2017–2018), NoMAS (2018–2019), and IRSILA (2019-2020). Each demonstrates the potential for buildings with reconfigurable and adaptive life cycles.
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2023/10/22 12:06

_id ecaade2018_434
id ecaade2018_434
authors Hünkar, Ertunç and Figueiredo, Bruno Acácio Ferreira
year 2018
title 3D Printing of High Strength and Multi-Scaled Fragmented Structures
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.173
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 173-178
summary Our research aims to push the limits of 3D printing towards the structural design and optimization. Additive manufacturing has an unique feature which is printing multi-faced complex geometries as easy as simple ones. Therefore additive manufacturing creates the chance of producing really small scaled complex forms. In a structural network, it can be easily understood that the more geometric variations to respond stress, the more adaptive structure will become to respond structural needs. The structural reaction is to be fictionalized by procedural operations and analysis that will be a tool to design multi-scaled fragmented structures. Those operations is to use the structural analysis and material reactions. Their iteration with the overall geometry will form the geometric generations. However the verification of the generations as outcomes of a real 3D printer is crucial. To verify, the precision of additive manufacturing should be sensitive enough that the structural element will function as it's simulated in computer with the algorithm. The sensitivity is important because, even couple of micro-sized problems can cause bigger ones in the structural element itself. The combination of all these variables can enable an initial geometry, to be able to adapt the stuructural needs in every additive generation.
keywords Additive Manufacturing(AM); Structural Optimization; Selective Laser Sintering(SLS); Structural Design; Shape Grammars; Design Computation
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:50

_id acadia20_164p
id acadia20_164p
authors Lange, Christian; Ratoi, Lidia; Co Lim, Dominic; Hu, Jason; Baker, David M.; Yu, Vriko; Thompson, Phil
year 2020
title Reformative Coral Habitats
source ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 164-169
summary Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecologies in the marine world. They are the habitat to tens of thousands of different marine species. However, these wildlife environments are endangered across the globe. Recent research estimates that around 75 percent of the remaining coral reefs are currently under threat. In 2018 after a devastating storm, Hong Kong lost around 80% of its existing corals. Consequently, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects at The University of Hong Kong has developed a series of performative structures that have been deployed in the city's waters in July 2020, intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. The project was commissioned by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD) and is part of an ongoing active management measure for coral restoration in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong. The following objectives were defined as part of the design and fabrication research of the project. To develop a design strategy that builds on the concept of biomimicry to allow for complex spaces to occur that would provide attributes against the detachment of the inserted coral fragment, hence could enhance a diverse marine life specific to the context of the cities water conditions. To generate an efficient printing path that accommodates the specific morphological design criteria and ensures structural integrity and the functional aspects of the design. To develop an efficient fabrication process with a DIW 3D printing methodology that considers warping, shrinkage, and cracking in the clay material. The research team developed a method that combined an algorithmic design approach for the design of different geometries with a digital additive manufacturing process utilizing robotic 3D clay printing. The overall fabrication strategy for the complex and large pieces sought to ensure structural longevity, optimize production time, and tackle the involved double-sided printing method. Overall, 128 tiles were printed, covering roughly 40sqm of the seabed.
series ACADIA
type project
email
last changed 2021/10/26 08:03

_id caadria2023_395
id caadria2023_395
authors Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year 2023
title Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
source Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
summary As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2023/06/15 23:14

_id acadia18_434
id acadia18_434
authors Meibodi, Mania Aghaei ; Jipa, Andrei; Giesecke, Rena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Leschok, Matthias; Graser, Konrad; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year 2018
title Smart Slab. Computational design and digital fabrication of a lightweight concrete slab
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.434
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 434-443
summary This paper presents a computational design approach and novel digital fabrication method for an optimized lightweight concrete slab using a 3D-printed formwork. Smart Slab is the first concrete slab fabricated with a 3D-printed formwork. It is a lightweight concrete slab, displaying three-dimensional geometric differentiation on multiple scales. The optimization of slab systems can have a large impact on buildings: more compact slabs allow for more usable space within the same building volume, refined structural concepts allow for material reduction, and integrated prefabrication can reduce complexity on the construction site. Among the main challenges is that optimized slab geometries are difficult to fabricate in a conventional way because non-standard formworks are very costly. Novel digital fabrication methods such as additive manufacturing of concrete can provide a solution, but until now the material properties and the surface quality only allow for limited applications. The fabrication approach presented here therefore combines the geometric freedom of 3D binderjet printing of formworks with the structural performance of fiber reinforced concrete. Using 3D printing to fabricate sand formwork for concrete, enables the prefabrication of custom concrete slab elements with complex geometric features with great precision. In addition, space for building systems such as sprinklers and Lighting could be integrated in a compact way. The design of the slab is based on a holistic computational model which allows fast design optimization and adaptation, the integration of the planning of the building systems, and the coordination of the multiple fabrication processes involved with an export of all fabrication data. This paper describes the context, design drivers, and digital design process behind the Smart Slab, and then discusses the digital fabrication system used to produce it, focusing on the 3D-printed formwork. It shows that 3D printing is already an attractive alternative for custom formwork solutions, especially when strategically combined with other CNC fabrication methods. Note that smart slab is under construction and images of finished elements can be integrated within couple of weeks.
keywords full paper, digital fabrication, computation, generative design, hybrid practices
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id caadria2018_181
id caadria2018_181
authors Chun, Junho, Lee, Juhun and Park, Daekwon
year 2018
title TOPO-JOINT - Topology Optimization Framework for 3D-Printed Building Joints
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.205
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 205-214
summary Joints and connectors are often the most complex element in building assemblies and systems. To ensure the performance of the assemblies and systems, it is critical to optimize the geometry and configurations of the joints based on key functional requirements (e.g., stiffness and thermal exchange). The proposed research focuses on developing a multi-objective topology optimization framework that can be utilized to design highly customized joints and connections for building applications. The optimized joints that often resemble tree structures or bones are fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. This framework is built upon the integration of high-fidelity topology optimization algorithms, additive manufacturing, computer simulations and parametric design. Case studies and numerical applications are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed optimization and additive manufacturing framework. Optimal joint designs from a variety of architectural and structural design considerations, such as stiffness, thermal exchange, and vibration are discussed to provide an insightful interpretation of these interrelationships and their impact on joint performance.
keywords Topology optimization; parametric design; 3d printing
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:56

_id cdrf2023_526
id cdrf2023_526
authors Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year 2023
title Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series cdrf
email
last changed 2024/05/29 14:04

_id ecaade2018_125
id ecaade2018_125
authors Khoo, Chin Koi and Shin, Jae-Won
year 2018
title Designing with Biomaterials for Responsive Architecture - A soft responsive "bio-structural" hydrogel skin
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.285
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 285-292
summary Synthetic biomaterials are not only widely explored in tissue engineering, but also present important opportunities in responsive architecture, especially soft structures and skins. In this paper we present how water-containing hydrogels can be adapted to digital fabrication techniques to design a soft responsive skin with integrated skeleton and surface. This research project details preliminary investigation into how tough hydrogels with different material properties can be designed and incorporated into laser-cutting and 3D printing methods typically used in architectural design. The outcome of this research produces an early prototype of thermally sensitive, tough hydrogel skin that responds to environmental stimuli such as temperature and moisture. Our work provides initial insights into how a soft responsive "bio-structural" architectural skin can be designed by integrating actuation, structure, and skins.
keywords Biomaterials; digital fabriication; hydrogel; responsive architecture
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:52

_id acadia18_266
id acadia18_266
authors Molloy, Isabella; Miller, Tim
year 2018
title Digital Dexterity. Freeform 3D printing through direct toolpath manipulation for crafted artifacts
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.266
source ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 266-275
summary The research presented here investigates an approach to FDM Freeform 3D printing that fully utilizes simultaneous x, y, z axis movement for the production of designed artefacts. Most Freeform printing techniques create bands of space frame type structures, often defined by structural pursuits. Here, a Form Responsive Method is used, which exploits the design opportunities of synchronized three-dimensional movement depositing extrudate in patterns of lines and curves that embrace functional, aesthetic and tectonic qualities, all influenced by an industrial design perspective. The system allows the designer complete control of the pattern and deposition of the material in relation to the printed artefact. The form and details are designed concurrently by direct manipulation of the toolpath whilst considering material deposition and structural integrity. This method of working requires intimate understanding and control of both software and hardware to craft the artefact to the desired design. Different aspects of the technique and challenges are described and discussed through a range of artefacts of different scales from utensils to furniture items.
keywords full paper, freeform 3d printing, industrial design, digital craft
series ACADIA
type paper
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:58

_id ecaade2018_196
id ecaade2018_196
authors Nováková, Kateřina, Prokop, Šimon, Vele, Jiří and Achten, Henri
year 2018
title PET(s)culpt - Crowd-printing recycled polyethylene tereftalate
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.053
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 53-58
summary One of the attitudes to recycling plastic in architectural design is it re-printing. 3D Printing of recycled polyethylene tereftalate is in its birth-days. Recycled filament can be bought in Argentina or Netherlands but lack of experience with this reborn material blocks its use in the Czech Republic. Firstly we made a study of settings of the home-3D-printers for this material. Secondly we came with a crowd printing project, which tested the possibility to print structural pieces by on various low-cost printers.
keywords 3D printing; sculpting; polyethylene tereftalate; crowd-printing; plastic recycling
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id caadria2018_215
id caadria2018_215
authors Raspall, Felix and Banon, Carlos
year 2018
title 3D Printing Architecture: Towards Functional Space Frames
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.215
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 215-224
summary In architecture, the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies has been primarily limited to the production of scale models. Its application for functional buildings components has been typically undermined by the long production time, elevated cost to manufacture parts and the low mechanical properties of 3D printed components. As AM becomes faster, cheaper and stronger, opportunities for architectures that make creative use of AM to produce functional architectural pieces are emerging. In this paper, we propose and discuss the application of AM in complex space frames and the theoretical and practical implications. Three built projects by the authors support our hypothesis that AM has a clear application in architecture and that space frames constitutes a promising structural typology. In addition, we investigate how AM can be used to resolve architectural systems beyond structure and enclosure, such as data and power transmission. The paper presents background research and our contribution to the digital design tools, the manufacturing and assembly processes, and the analysis of the performances of the building components and the final built pieces.
keywords Additive Manufacturing; Digital Design; Space frames
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 08:00

_id ecaade2018_200
id ecaade2018_200
authors Yetiş, Gizem, Yetkin, Ozan, Moon, Kongpyung and K?l?ç, Özkan
year 2018
title A Novel Approach for Classification of Structural Elements in a 3D Model by Supervised Learning
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.129
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 129-136
summary Development of Computer Aided Design (CAD) has made a transition from 2D to 3D architectural representation and today, designers directly work with 3D digital models for the initial design process. While these digital models are being developed, layering and labelling of 3D geometries in a model become very crucial for a detailed design phase. However, when the number of geometries increases, the process of labelling and layering becomes simple labor. Hence, this paper proposes automation for labelling and layering of segmented 3D digital models based on architectural elements. In various parametric design environments (Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Grasshopper Python and Grasshopper Python Remote), a training set is generated and applied to supervised learning algorithms to label architectural elements. Automation of the labelling and layering 3D geometries not only advances the workflow performance of design process but also introduces wider range of classification with simple features. Additionally, this research discovers advantages and disadvantages of alternative classification algorithms for such an architectural problem.
keywords Automation; Classification; Grasshopper Python; Layering; Labelling; Supervised Learning
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id caadria2018_216
id caadria2018_216
authors Yuan, Philip F., Chen, Zhewen and Zhang, Liming
year 2018
title Form Finding for 3D Printed Pedestrian Bridges
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.225
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 225-234
summary Due to the highly interrelation between architecture and engineering involved in the early design stage of 3D printing, form-finding is the critical step in the large-scale 3D printing projects. This paper focused on the research of form-finding applied in large-scale 3D printed structures, specifically, in the design of two pedestrian bridges. A three-step form finding approach was introduced in this paper. Multiple numerical methods were involved in the approach to find an optimal solution for both aesthetics and structural design for two 3D printed pedestrian bridges. The application of the three steps of form-finding, which take consideration of material properties, site limitations, applied loads etc., to the design of the large-scale 3D printed bridges were discussed in details in this paper. The approach of form-finding in an early designing stage disused in this paper helps to understand the combination of architecture and structure engineering.
keywords Form Finding; 3D Printing; Structural Performance; Material Performance; Topology Optimization
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:57

_id ecaade2018_167
id ecaade2018_167
authors Anton, Ana and Abdelmahgoub, Ahmed
year 2018
title Ceramic Components - Computational Design for Bespoke Robotic 3D Printing on Curved Support
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.071
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 71-78
summary Additive manufacturing enables the fabrication of affordable customisation of construction elements. This paper presents a computational design method developed for 3D printing of unique interlocking ceramic components, which assemble into segmented columns. The fabrication method is ceramic-paste extrusion, robotically placed on semi-cylindrical molds. Material system and fabrication setup contribute to the development of an integrated generative system which includes overall design, assembly logic and printing tool-path. By contextualizing clay extrusion and identifying challenges in bespoke tool-path generation, this paper discusses detailing opportunities in digital fabrication. Finally, it identifies future directions of research in extrusion-based printing.
keywords CAAD education; generative design; robotic 3D printing; clay extrusion; curved support
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ecaade2018_233
id ecaade2018_233
authors Kontiza, Iacovina, Spathi, Theodora and Bedarf, Patrick
year 2018
title Spatial Graded Patterns - A case study for large-scale differentiated space frame structures utilising high-speed 3D-printed joints
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.039
source Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 39-46
summary Geometric differentiation is no longer a production setback for industrial grade architectural components. This paper introduces a design and fabrication workflow for non-repetitive large-scale space frame structures composed of custom-manufactured nodes, which exploits the advantages of latest advancements in 3D-printing technology. By integrating design, fabrication and material constraints into a computational methodology, the presented approach addresses additive manufacturing of functional industry-grade parts in short time, high speed and low cost. The resulting case study of a 4.5 x 4.5 x 2.5 m lightweight kite structure comprises 1380 versatile fully-customised connectors and outlines the manifold potential of additive manufacturing for architecture much bigger than the machine built space. First, after briefly introducing space frames in architecture, this paper discusses the computational framework of generating irregular space frames and parametric joint design. Second, it examines the advantages of MJF printing in conjunction with integrating smart sequencing details for the following assembly process. Finally, a conclusive outlook is given on improvements and further developments for bespoke 3D-printed space frame structures.
keywords 3D-printing; Multi-Jet Fusion; Space Frame; Graded Subdivision
series eCAADe
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:51

_id caadria2018_304
id caadria2018_304
authors Amtsberg, Felix and Raspall, Felix
year 2018
title Bamboo?
doi https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.245
source T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 245-254
summary The presented paper discusses the combination of cutting edge technology (i.e. 3D-pinting) and raw natural grown resources (i.e. bamboo) to develop resource efficient load carrying truss structures in architectural scale. Via visual sensing the individual material properties of various bamboo poles are analyzed and directly used to inform the digital model. Comparing load carrying capacity of the bamboo pole and structural requirements of the design, the poles are placed and the connections designed. Conventional 3D-pinters produce the nodes and connectors and enable to merge natural and "digital" materiality.
keywords visual sensing; digital fabrication; material individuality; 3d-printing; bamboo
series CAADRIA
email
last changed 2022/06/07 07:54

_id ijac201816204
id ijac201816204
authors Gengnagel, Christoph; Riccardo La Magna, Mette Ramsgaard Thomsen and Martin Tamke
year 2018
title Shaping hybrids – Form finding of new material systems
source International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 16 - no. 2, 91-103
summary Form-finding processes are an integral part of structural design. Because of their limitations, the classic approaches to finding a form – such as hanging models and the soap-film analogy – play only a minor role. The various possibilities of digital experimentation in the context of structural optimisation create new options for the designer generating forms, while enabling control over a wide variety of parameters. A complete mapping of the mechanical properties of a structure in a continuum mechanics model is possible but so are simplified modelling strategies which take into account only the most important properties of the structure, such as iteratively approximating to a solution via representations of kinematic states. Form finding is thus an extremely complex process, determined both by the freely selected parameters and by design decisions.
keywords Bending active, form finding, hybrid structures, simulation, textile architecture
series journal
email
last changed 2019/08/07 14:03

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