Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2018_343
id	caadria2018_343
authors	Kalantar, Negar and Borhani, Alireza
year	2018
title	Informing Deformable Formworks - Parameterizing Deformation Behavior of a Non-Stretchable Membrane via Kerfing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.339
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 339-348
summary	The process for constructing freeform buildings composed of many non-repetitive shapes and waste-free formwork systems remains relatively unexplored. This research reviews a method for fabricating complex double-curved shapes without utilizing single-use formworks. This work answers questions regarding the manufacturing of these shapes in an environmentally-friendly and economic fashion. The proposed method, called a "transformative formwork," could replace state-of-the-art CNC-milled molds and is potentially suitable for large-scale construction. The transformative formwork uses a stretchable membrane or "interpolation layer" that can be manipulated into any curved surface by using vertical bars capable of being rearranged into different heights. Here, to accurately generate most of the smooth, double-curved surfaces, laser kerfing is used for bending interpolation layer into almost any complex shape. A parametric model simplifies local or global changes to the density of the kerfing patterns, modifying the deformation behavior of the layer. Several kerfed interpolation layers produced for four transformative formworks showed that the application of this method.
keywords	Transformative Formwork, Interpolation Layer, Relief-cut Patterns, Positive & Negative Gaussian Curvatures, Interlocking Archimedean Spiral-Patterns, Kerfing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia18_434
id	acadia18_434
authors	Meibodi, Mania Aghaei ; Jipa, Andrei; Giesecke, Rena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Leschok, Matthias; Graser, Konrad; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2018
title	Smart Slab. Computational design and digital fabrication of a lightweight concrete slab
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.434
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 434-443
summary	This paper presents a computational design approach and novel digital fabrication method for an optimized lightweight concrete slab using a 3D-printed formwork. Smart Slab is the first concrete slab fabricated with a 3D-printed formwork. It is a lightweight concrete slab, displaying three-dimensional geometric differentiation on multiple scales. The optimization of slab systems can have a large impact on buildings: more compact slabs allow for more usable space within the same building volume, refined structural concepts allow for material reduction, and integrated prefabrication can reduce complexity on the construction site. Among the main challenges is that optimized slab geometries are difficult to fabricate in a conventional way because non-standard formworks are very costly. Novel digital fabrication methods such as additive manufacturing of concrete can provide a solution, but until now the material properties and the surface quality only allow for limited applications. The fabrication approach presented here therefore combines the geometric freedom of 3D binderjet printing of formworks with the structural performance of fiber reinforced concrete. Using 3D printing to fabricate sand formwork for concrete, enables the prefabrication of custom concrete slab elements with complex geometric features with great precision. In addition, space for building systems such as sprinklers and Lighting could be integrated in a compact way. The design of the slab is based on a holistic computational model which allows fast design optimization and adaptation, the integration of the planning of the building systems, and the coordination of the multiple fabrication processes involved with an export of all fabrication data. This paper describes the context, design drivers, and digital design process behind the Smart Slab, and then discusses the digital fabrication system used to produce it, focusing on the 3D-printed formwork. It shows that 3D printing is already an attractive alternative for custom formwork solutions, especially when strategically combined with other CNC fabrication methods. Note that smart slab is under construction and images of finished elements can be integrated within couple of weeks.
keywords	full paper, digital fabrication, computation, generative design, hybrid practices
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ijac201816301
id	ijac201816301
authors	Rasmussen, Troels A. and Timothy Merritt
year	2018
title	ProjecTables: Augmented CNC tools for sustainable creative practices
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 16 - no. 3, 227-242
summary	Computer numerical control (CNC) cutting machines have become essential tools for designers and architects enabling rapid prototyping, model building, and production of high-quality components. Designers often cut from new materials, discarding the irregularly shaped remains. We introduce ProjecTables, a visual augmented reality system for interactive packing of model parts onto sheet materials. ProjecTables enables designers to (re)use scrap materials for computer numerical control cutting that would have been previously thrown away, at the same time supporting esthetic choices related to wood grain, avoiding surface blemishes, and other relevant material properties. We conducted evaluations of ProjecTables with design students from Aarhus School of Architecture, demonstrating that participants could quickly and easily place and orient model parts reducing material waste. Contextual interviews and ideation sessions led to a deeper understanding of current work practices and sustainability issues with computer numerical control cutting machines and identified useful features for interactive packing to reduce waste while supporting esthetic concerns for exhibition quality design projects.
keywords	Sustainability, fabrication, computer numerical control cutting machines, CNC cutting machines, visual augmentation, digital tools
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:03

_id	ecaade2018_296
id	ecaade2018_296
authors	Czyñska, Klara
year	2018
title	High Precision Visibility and Dominance Analysis of Tall Building in Cityscape - On a basis of Digital Surface Model
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.481
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 481-488
summary	The article presents a methodology applied for the assessment of the tall building visual impact on the city scape, using digital tools. The method has been used by the author in the planning practice in several cities in Poland. It enables to determine not only the visibility range of a planned tall building in the city spaces, but also the extent to which it dominates. Findings are presented in a map which reflects both parameters applicable to a given facility. Computation of findings is based on the model of a city consisting of a regular cloud of points (Digital Surface Model) of high quality and dedicated C++ software (developed in cooperation with author). The Visual Impact Size (VIS) method supports the process of conservation and landscaping, in particular in historical cities. It helps predicting spatial implications tall buildings may have. It may also be used for comprehensive development of a modern skyline with tall buildings as a harmonious component of the cityscape. The method is presented using the case study of the Hanza Tower building in Szczecin (Poland).
keywords	digital cityscape analysis; tall buildings; visual impact; Visual Impact Size method; viewshed; Hanza Tower in Szczecin
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2018_295
id	ecaade2018_295
authors	Dezen-Kempter, Eloisa, Cogima, Camila Kimi, Vieira de Paiva, Pedro Victor and Garcia de Carvalho, Marco Antonio
year	2018
title	BIM for Heritage Documentation - An ontology-based approach
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.213
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 213-222
summary	In the recent decades, the high-resolution remote sensing, through 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry benefited historic buildings maintenance, conservation, and restoration works. However, the dense surface models (DSM) generated from the data capture have nonstructured features as lack of topology and semantic discretization. The process to create a semantically oriented 3D model from the DSM, using the of Building Information Model technology, is a possibility to integrate historical information about the life cycle of the building to maintain and improving architectural valued building stock to its functional level and safeguarding its outstanding historical value. Our approach relies on an ontology-based system to represent the knowledge related to the building. Our work outlines a model-driven approach based on the hybrid data acquisition, its post-processing, the identification of the building' main features for the parametric modeling, and the development of an ontological map integrated with the BIM model. The methodology proposed was applied to a large-scale industrial historical building, located in Brazil. The DSM were compared, providing a qualitative assessment of the proposed method.
keywords	Reality-based Surveying; Ontology-based System; BIM; Built heritage management
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	acadia18_98
id	acadia18_98
authors	Fox, Michael; Schulitz, Marc; Gershfeld, Mikhail; Cohen, Marc
year	2018
title	Full Integration: Closing the Gap on Technology Readiness
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.098
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 98-107
summary	This paper discusses the authors’ experiences and lessons learned through designing and constructing small- and large-scale robotic prototypes and the fully integrated use of VR and AR for design. Also of focus here are the methodological tools utilized to implement this student-led research in an interdisciplinary educational environment, as well as the design explorations of Mars habitation systems. Through the systems engineering approach, students will generate ideas that may or may not make it to the final design development stage, but may potentially be valuable to future real exploration habitats and mission architectures. The final prototype allows an assessment of the focus parameters, which are the vessels’ transformation capacities and layout adaption. The design objective of this project is to examine strategies for commonality between an interplanetary vehicle (IPV) and a Mars surface habitat. The presented design proposals address this challenge to create a common habitation system in both habitats so that crew members will be familiar with the layout, function, and location throughout the expedition. The design tools operate at the intersection of architectural layout design, mechanics, and structural design, and use origami folding techniques and structural form-finding concepts to generate shell action rigidity. In addition, the project develops a strategy for mobility and transformation of the surface habitat prior to its transformed configuration. The value here lies in understanding lessons from this strategy for both the design process as well as efficiency and optimization in design as a model for terrestrial design.
keywords	full paper, bim, flexible structures, performance + simulation, representation + perception, building technologies, vr/ar/mr
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2019_665
id	caadria2019_665
authors	Jin, Jinxi, Han, Li, Chai, Hua, Zhang, Xiao and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2019
title	Digital Design and Construction of Lightweight Steel-Timber Composite Gridshell for Large-Span Roof - A Practice of Steel-timber Composite Gridshell in Venue B for 2018 West Bund World AI Conference
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.183
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 183-192
summary	Timber gridshell is an efficient structural system. However, the feature of double curved surface result in limitation of practical application of timber gridshell. Digital technology provides an opportunity to break this limitation and achieve a lightweight free-form gridshell. In the practice of Venue B for 2018 West Bund World AI Conference, architects and structural engineers cooperated to explore innovative design of lightweight steel-timber composite gridshell with the help of digital tools. Setting digital technology as support and restrains of the project as motivation, the design tried to achieve the realization of material, structure, construction and spatial expression. The digital design and construction process will be discussed from four aspects, including form-finding of gridshell surface, steel-timber composite design, digital detailed design and model-based fabrication and construction. We focuses on the use of digital tools in this process, as well as the role of the design subject.
keywords	Timber Gridshell; Steel-timber Composite; Digital Design and Construction; Lightweight Structure; Large-span Roof
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2018_1473
id	sigradi2018_1473
authors	Kimi Cogima, Camila; V. V. de Paiva, Pedro; Dezen-Kempter, Eloisa; G. De Carvalho, Marco Antonio
year	2018
title	Digital scanning and BIM modeling for modern architecture preservation: the Oscar Niemeyer’s Church of Saint Francis of Assisi
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 457-462
summary	The Building Information Modelling (BIM) technology enabled improvement in the design, construction and maintenance stages highly. In the field of existing buildings, including historical assets, this technology has not yet had the same impact. This paper presents a methodology to create an intelligent digital model for an outstanding building from modern architecture in Brazil using multiple reality-based technologies. The fusion of the different point cloud raw data generated a high-resolution Dense Surface Model (DSM), the base of an accurate and detailed parametric Model. This study demonstrated the potential of digital surveying, including low-cost sensors, and BIM for built heritage documentation.
keywords	Reality-based surveying; Point cloud; As-is model; Building Information Modelling; Modern Heritage
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	ecaade2018_422
id	ecaade2018_422
authors	Ku, Kihong and Gurjar, Satpal
year	2018
title	Prototyping Method for Complex-Shaped Textile Composite Panels - Developing a digitally controlled reconfigurable mold
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.047
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 47-52
summary	While textile composites offer a wide range of formal flexibilities, a primary concern is the cost and time of creating custom mold surfaces which are typically produced through subtractive digital fabrication techniques. Alternative methods such as adjustable molds are used in high-end sail-making, and architectural researchers have examined reconfigurable molds, fiber sandwich fabrication methods, and mold-free fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) fabrication processes. In this paper, we discuss the development of a digitally controlled mold system for complex-shaped textile composite panels, aiming to reduce the need for custom milled molds. Experimental research started with producing composite samples from computer-numerically-controlled (CNC) milled foam molds. Subsequently, a digitally controlled deformable mold prototype was developed which incorporates a digital interface through which the architect's surface geometry is entered, analyzed, and transferred. The digital geometry directly controls the position of vertical actuators which adjusts the mold surface. Results of this ongoing project outline a digital process for fabricating textile composite panels, and help to define key parameters of the adjustable mold system including material properties, mechanical controls of the mold surface, paneling considerations, and digital interface.
keywords	textile composites; reconfigurable mold; deformable mold; fiber reinforced polymer; digital fabrication; Arduino
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2018_414
id	ecaade2018_414
authors	Liapi, Katherine and Papantoniou, Andreana
year	2018
title	Square Tessellation Patterns on Double Layer Minimal Surface Structures - Geometric Investigation and Design Algorithms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.385
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 385-390
summary	Minimal surfaces, defined as surfaces of the smallest area spanned by a given boundary present advantages for architectural applications in terms of their structural and material performance. Therefore, the investigation of their properties including their geometric ones deserve special attention. In this regard, methods for tessellating minimal surfaces need to be studied. In this paper, patterns that consist of four squares with partly overlapping sides have been considered. A constrain in this study was the square tiles maintained their planarity. Three different types of surfaces have been considered, namely the helicoid, catenoid and Enneper's surface. Design algorithms that generate tiling patterns in all three minimal surface types have been developed and are presented in the paper. The geometric investigation of the application of the developed methods to double layer structures has also been examined and discussed in the paper. Finally, the accuracy of the developed algorithms has been tested through the construction of a physical model.
keywords	minimal surfaces; double layer; square tessellation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2018_394
id	ecaade2018_394
authors	Rubinowicz, Pawe³
year	2018
title	Application of Available Digital Resources for City Visualisation and Urban Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.595
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 595-602
summary	The article presents two methods for generating 3D city models. The methods are based on LiDAR and GIS-2D data. The first one enables to create automatically simplified city models that include buildings in the LoD1 standard (excluding roof geometry). The second one provides for generating precise 3D city models including all components of the city space, such as buildings, tall green, city infrastructure. This involves direct transformation of DSM (Digital Surface Model) data as mesh-3D. The analyses presented are based on data available in Poland (in particular GIS). The results of the study can be easily applied for analysing other cities in Europe and elsewhere in the world. The article presents possibilities of using such models to urban analyses. The methods and figures included in the article have been developed using C++ software developed by the author.
keywords	airborne LiDAR scanning; Digital Surface Model; BDOT 10k; city visualization; digital urban analysis; urban design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2018_184
id	ecaade2018_184
authors	Tonn, Christian, Schmidt, Harald, Bringmann, Oliver and Klawitter, Daniel
year	2018
title	Abstracting and Trimming Reality - One-Click-Region-Growing and Surface Trimming in Point Clouds
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.257
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 257-262
summary	Measured point clouds are the cast of the as-built reality. In this paper, we present an approach to derive a partially closed surface model from a point cloud. Without using fully-automated methods we instead leverage the users abstract thinking towards a half-automated approach. Hence we present our algorithm for a one click region growing in point clouds and intersecting and trimming those regions to achieve a partially watertight surface model.
keywords	Point cloud; Region growing; As-built environment; Region trimming; Surface model
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2018_1879
id	sigradi2018_1879
authors	Danesh Zand, Foroozan; Baghi, Ali; Kalantari, Saleh
year	2018
title	Digitally Fabricating Expandable Steel Structures Using Kirigami Patterns
source	SIGraDi 2018 [Proceedings of the 22nd Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Brazil, São Carlos 7 - 9 November 2018, pp. 724-731
summary	This article presents a computational approach to generating architectural forms for large spanning structures based on a “paper-cutting” technique. In this traditional artform, a flat sheet is cut and scored in such a way that a small application of force prompts it to expand into a three-dimensional structure. To make these types of expandable structures feasible at an architectural scale, four challenges had to be met during the research. The first was to map the kinetic properties of a paper-cut model, investigating formative parameters such as the width and frequency of cuts to determine how they affect the resulting structure. The second challenge was to computationally simulate the paper-cut structure in an accurate fashion. We accomplished this task using finite element analysis in the Ansys software platform. The third challenge was to create a prediction model that could precisely forecast the characteristics of a paper-cutting pattern. We made significant strides in this demanding task by using a data-mining approach and regression analysis through 400 simulations of various cutting patterns. The final challenge was to verify the efficiency and accuracy of our prediction model, which we accomplished through a series of physical prototypes. Our resulting computational paper-cutting system can be used to estimate optimal cutting patterns and to predict the resulting structural characteristics, thereby providing greater rigor to what has previously been an ad-hoc and experimental design approach.
keywords	Transformable Paper-cut; Design method; Prediction Model; Regression analysis; Physical prototype
series	SIGRADI
email
last changed	2021/03/28 19:58

_id	ecaade2018_255
id	ecaade2018_255
authors	Danesh, Foroozan, Baghi, Ali and Kalantari, Saleh
year	2018
title	Programmable Paper Cutting - A Method to Digitally Fabricate Transformable, Complex Structural Geometry
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.489
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 489-498
summary	This paper presents a computational approach to generating architectural forms for large spanning structures based on a "paper-cutting" technique. Using this approach, a flat sheet is cut and scored in such a way that a small application of force prompts it to expand into a three-dimensional structure. Our computational system can be used to estimate optimal cutting patterns and to predict the resulting structural characteristics, thereby providing greater rigor to what has previously been an ad-hoc and experimental design approach. To develop the model, we analyzed paper-cutting techniques, extracted the relevant formative parameters, and created a simulation using finite element analysis. We then used a data-mining approach through 400 simulations and applied a regression analysis to create a prediction model. Given a small number of input variables from the designer, this model can rapidly and precisely predict the transformation volume of a paper-cutting pattern. Additional structural characteristics will be modelled in future work. The use of this tool makes paper-cut design approaches more practical by changing a non-systematic, labor-intensive design process into a more precise and efficient one.
keywords	Paper-cut?; Transformable geometry; Design method; Model prediction; Data mining; Regression analysis
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia18_294
id	acadia18_294
authors	Kieffer, Lynn; Nicholas, Paul
year	2018
title	Pneumatically Actuated Material. Exploration of the mophospace of an adaptable system of soft actuators
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.294
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 294-301
summary	This research in progress investigates a design and fabrication method of an adaptable and programmable composite material in an embodied computation system. It develops a workflow for a behavior-based model, the exploration of the morpho-space associated with the combinatorial assembly and the actuation of soft elements. The aggregation of individually actuatable and soft units in a system creates a large potential regarding adaptability, flexibility and reconfigurability, through a non-rigid and non-mechanical system. The cells are developed through a process of prototyping on origami and auxetic pattern inspired soft robotic elements. Every soft cell is pneumatically actuated through a negative pressure environment. The computational simulation is informed by the prototyping process and its findings. The simulation-based design of such an assembled system allows prediction of the aggregated shape and outputs a sequencing table, describing the actuation status of every cell and can create a tool to communicate between material and computational system
keywords	work in progress,pneumatic actuation, adaptable soft material
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2023_10
id	ecaade2023_10
authors	Sepúlveda, Abel, Eslamirad, Nasim and De Luca, Francesco
year	2023
title	Machine Learning Approach versus Prediction Formulas to Design Healthy Dwellings in a Cold Climate
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.359
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 359–368
summary	This paper presents a study about the prediction accuracy of daylight provision and overheating levels in dwellings when considering different methods (machine learning vs prediction formulas), training, and validation data sets. An existing high-rise building located in Tallinn, Estonia was considered to compare the best ML predictive method with novel prediction formulas. The quantification of daylight provision was conducted according to the European daylight standard EN 17037:2018 (based on minimum Daylight Factor (minDF)) and overheating level in terms of the degree-hour (DH) metric included in local regulations. The features included in the dataset are the minDF and DH values related to different combinations of design parameters: window-to-floor ratio, level of obstruction, g-value, and visible transmittance of the glazing system. Different training and validation data sets were obtained from a main data set of 5120 minDF values and 40960 DH values obtained through simulation with Radiance and EnergyPlus, respectively. For each combination of training and validation dataset, the accuracy of the ML model was quantified and compared with the accuracy of the prediction formulas. According to our results, the ML model could provide more accurate minDF/DH predictions than by using the prediction formulas for the same design parameters. However, the amount of room combinations needed to train the machine-learning model is larger than for the calibration of the prediction formulas. The paper discuss in detail the method to use in practice, depending on time and accuracy concerns.
keywords	Optimization, Daylight, Thermal Comfort, Overheating, Machine Learning, Predictive Model, Dwellings, Cold Climates
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaaderis2023_11
id	ecaaderis2023_11
authors	Sepúlveda, Abel, Eslamirad, Nasim, Seyed Salehi, Seyed Shahabaldin, Thalfeldt, Martin and De Luca, Francesco
year	2023
title	Machine Learning-based Optimization Design Workflow based on Obstruction Angles for Building Facades
source	De Luca, F, Lykouras, I and Wurzer, G (eds.), Proceedings of the 9th eCAADe Regional International Symposium, TalTech, 15 - 16 June 2023, pp. 15–24
summary	This paper proposes a ML-based optimization design workflow based on obstruction angles for the optimization of building facades (i.e. g-value and window width). The optimization output consists of the optimal clustering of windows in order to ensure a desired level of daylight provision according to method 2 defined in the EN17307:2018 (i.e. based on Spatial Daylight Autonomy: sDA) and to not exceed a maximum level of specific cooling capacity (SCC). The independent variables or design parameters of the parametric model are: room orientation/dimensions, window dimensions, and obstruction angle (??). The ML prediction models were trained and tested with reliable simulation results using validate softwares. The total number of room combinations is 61440 for sDA and SCC simulations. The development of reliable (90% of right predictions) ML predictive models based on decision tree technique were calibrated. The optimal clustering of windows was done first by floors and secondly by the designer’s need to homogenize the external facade with similar glazing properties and window sizes, having impact on the annual heating consumption. The proposed method help designers to make accurate and faster design decisions during early design stages and renovation plans.
keywords	optimization, daylight, thermal comfort, cooling capacity, machine-learning predictive model, office buildings, cold climates
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/02/05 14:28

_id	ecaade2018_166
id	ecaade2018_166
authors	Unger, Pawe³ and Rom?o, Luís
year	2018
title	The Game of Urban Attractiveness - Shape Grammars and Cellular Automata Based Tool for Prediction of Human's Behaviour in Cities
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.629
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 629-638
summary	This paper presents a way to predict people's interest in a public space based on a space's "attractiveness" as a movement attractor. Two generative systems are integrated into the prediction model. The Cellular Automata (CA) is the core of simulation engine and the Shape Grammars (SG) is a descriptive language for the CA rules. Both, CA and SG exhibit complementary features counteracting each other's drawbacks. Having translated social behaviour into a set of rules, the CA algorithm applies them to distinguish people's leisure interest attractors from places with a minor attractiveness. The tool is designed to be used at various urban scales by city planners and venture capitalists. It is dedicated towards the early stage of planning process to evaluate the future attractiveness of places. The case study is located in the central district of Lisbon, Bairro Alto. One of the important aspects are description of the rules with SG and interpretation of the CA results. Implemented in Python for Grasshopper and visualised in Rhinoceros3D. The article does not present the final solution, rather is an experimental attempt to interpret and describe the already explored urban context of Cellular Automata.
keywords	Behaviour Prediction; Cellular Automata; Shape Grammars; Space Attractiveness; Urban Simulation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaade2018_234
id	ecaade2018_234
authors	Loh, Paul, Leggett, David and Prohasky, Daniel
year	2018
title	CNC Adjustable Mould to Eliminate Waste in Concrete Casting
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.735
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 735-742
summary	Fabricating complex curvature in concrete panel typically required unique one-off formwork which is usually computer numerically controlled (CNC) milled, generating enormous waste as a by-product. What if, we can produce complex curvature in concrete with minimal or no immediate construction waste? This paper presents a novel machine designed by a team of architects and engineer to eliminate waste in concrete casting. Using a hyperbolic paraboloid geometric model, the machine produces variable shape using a single mould design reducing waste and cost to the casting process. The paper discussed the design framework of the system and its fabrication workflow. The outcome is digitally scanned and verified to satisfy industry standard. The paper concludes by reviewing the application of the system and highlighting the need for future research into digital fabrication and design that is less wasteful and waste conscious to better the process of constructing our built environment.
keywords	Digital fabrication; Concrete casting; Adjustable mould
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

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