Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	caadria2018_181
id	caadria2018_181
authors	Chun, Junho, Lee, Juhun and Park, Daekwon
year	2018
title	TOPO-JOINT - Topology Optimization Framework for 3D-Printed Building Joints
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 205-214
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.205
summary	Joints and connectors are often the most complex element in building assemblies and systems. To ensure the performance of the assemblies and systems, it is critical to optimize the geometry and configurations of the joints based on key functional requirements (e.g., stiffness and thermal exchange). The proposed research focuses on developing a multi-objective topology optimization framework that can be utilized to design highly customized joints and connections for building applications. The optimized joints that often resemble tree structures or bones are fabricated using additive manufacturing techniques. This framework is built upon the integration of high-fidelity topology optimization algorithms, additive manufacturing, computer simulations and parametric design. Case studies and numerical applications are presented to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed optimization and additive manufacturing framework. Optimal joint designs from a variety of architectural and structural design considerations, such as stiffness, thermal exchange, and vibration are discussed to provide an insightful interpretation of these interrelationships and their impact on joint performance.
keywords	Topology optimization; parametric design; 3d printing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2018_233
id	ecaade2018_233
authors	Kontiza, Iacovina, Spathi, Theodora and Bedarf, Patrick
year	2018
title	Spatial Graded Patterns - A case study for large-scale differentiated space frame structures utilising high-speed 3D-printed joints
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 39-46
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.039
summary	Geometric differentiation is no longer a production setback for industrial grade architectural components. This paper introduces a design and fabrication workflow for non-repetitive large-scale space frame structures composed of custom-manufactured nodes, which exploits the advantages of latest advancements in 3D-printing technology. By integrating design, fabrication and material constraints into a computational methodology, the presented approach addresses additive manufacturing of functional industry-grade parts in short time, high speed and low cost. The resulting case study of a 4.5 x 4.5 x 2.5 m lightweight kite structure comprises 1380 versatile fully-customised connectors and outlines the manifold potential of additive manufacturing for architecture much bigger than the machine built space. First, after briefly introducing space frames in architecture, this paper discusses the computational framework of generating irregular space frames and parametric joint design. Second, it examines the advantages of MJF printing in conjunction with integrating smart sequencing details for the following assembly process. Finally, a conclusive outlook is given on improvements and further developments for bespoke 3D-printed space frame structures.
keywords	3D-printing; Multi-Jet Fusion; Space Frame; Graded Subdivision
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia18_328
id	acadia18_328
authors	Kladeftira, Marirena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2018
title	Printing Whisper Dishes. Large-scale binder jetting for outdoor installations
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 328-335
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.328
summary	This research explores the design opportunities of a novel fabrication process for large scale architectural installations suitable for outdoor weather conditions. High resolution, bespoke geometries are easily fabricated at no extra cost in a continuous system using Binder Jet printing technology. The material properties of sandstone are considered a design drive for producing structural paths according to a finite element analysis. Several post processing materials are tested for strengthening the final geometry and providing a water resistant solution. The process is tested in a large, 1:1 sound installation of a pair of acoustic mirrors. First, this paper describes the specific potential and challenges of Binder Jet printing for outdoor applications. It, then, outlines the design principles of the sound device, the acoustic mirror, and their integration into a digital model. Finally, the computational design strategy is described, including topology optimization to reduce the weight/material and the integration of functional details
keywords	work in progress, 3d printing, form finding, digital fabrication, building technologies
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2018_216
id	caadria2018_216
authors	Yuan, Philip F., Chen, Zhewen and Zhang, Liming
year	2018
title	Form Finding for 3D Printed Pedestrian Bridges
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 225-234
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.225
summary	Due to the highly interrelation between architecture and engineering involved in the early design stage of 3D printing, form-finding is the critical step in the large-scale 3D printing projects. This paper focused on the research of form-finding applied in large-scale 3D printed structures, specifically, in the design of two pedestrian bridges. A three-step form finding approach was introduced in this paper. Multiple numerical methods were involved in the approach to find an optimal solution for both aesthetics and structural design for two 3D printed pedestrian bridges. The application of the three steps of form-finding, which take consideration of material properties, site limitations, applied loads etc., to the design of the large-scale 3D printed bridges were discussed in details in this paper. The approach of form-finding in an early designing stage disused in this paper helps to understand the combination of architecture and structure engineering.
keywords	Form Finding; 3D Printing; Structural Performance; Material Performance; Topology Optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia18_434
id	acadia18_434
authors	Meibodi, Mania Aghaei ; Jipa, Andrei; Giesecke, Rena; Shammas, Demetris; Bernhard, Mathias; Leschok, Matthias; Graser, Konrad; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2018
title	Smart Slab. Computational design and digital fabrication of a lightweight concrete slab
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 434-443
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.434
summary	This paper presents a computational design approach and novel digital fabrication method for an optimized lightweight concrete slab using a 3D-printed formwork. Smart Slab is the first concrete slab fabricated with a 3D-printed formwork. It is a lightweight concrete slab, displaying three-dimensional geometric differentiation on multiple scales. The optimization of slab systems can have a large impact on buildings: more compact slabs allow for more usable space within the same building volume, refined structural concepts allow for material reduction, and integrated prefabrication can reduce complexity on the construction site. Among the main challenges is that optimized slab geometries are difficult to fabricate in a conventional way because non-standard formworks are very costly. Novel digital fabrication methods such as additive manufacturing of concrete can provide a solution, but until now the material properties and the surface quality only allow for limited applications. The fabrication approach presented here therefore combines the geometric freedom of 3D binderjet printing of formworks with the structural performance of fiber reinforced concrete. Using 3D printing to fabricate sand formwork for concrete, enables the prefabrication of custom concrete slab elements with complex geometric features with great precision. In addition, space for building systems such as sprinklers and Lighting could be integrated in a compact way. The design of the slab is based on a holistic computational model which allows fast design optimization and adaptation, the integration of the planning of the building systems, and the coordination of the multiple fabrication processes involved with an export of all fabrication data. This paper describes the context, design drivers, and digital design process behind the Smart Slab, and then discusses the digital fabrication system used to produce it, focusing on the 3D-printed formwork. It shows that 3D printing is already an attractive alternative for custom formwork solutions, especially when strategically combined with other CNC fabrication methods. Note that smart slab is under construction and images of finished elements can be integrated within couple of weeks.
keywords	full paper, digital fabrication, computation, generative design, hybrid practices
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2018_221
id	ecaade2018_221
authors	Veliz Reyes, Alejandro, Gomaa, Mohamed, Chatzivasileiadi, Aikaterini, Jabi, Wassim and Wardhana, Nicholas Mario
year	2018
title	Computing Craft - Early stage development of a robotically-supported 3D printing system for cob structures
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 791-800
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.791
summary	This paper focuses on an ongoing investigation exploring fabrication procedures and methodologies for robotically supported 3D printing utilising cob and other clay-based sustainable building materials, and is part of an ongoing collaboration between Cardiff University and the University of Plymouth. The methodology is that of a prototype development process within the framework of a feasibility studies call supported by the "Connected Everything: Industrial Systems in the Digital Age" EPSRC (Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council) network. This project expects to not only reveal technological and design opportunities for 3D printed cob structures, but more broadly to engage with vernacular practice through digital means. As a result, this paper expects to contribute to the discipline by providing a framework engaging with digital practice as a way to bridge the knowledge gap between digitally-driven and vernacular modes of knowledge production, dissemination and representation.
keywords	cob construction; robotics; 3D printing; vernacular architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia18_312
id	acadia18_312
authors	Ariza, Inés; Mirjan, Ammar; Gandia, Augusto; Casas, Gonzalo; Cros, Samuel; Gramazio, Fabio; Kohler, Matthias.
year	2018
title	In Place Detailing. Combining 3D printing and robotic assembly
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 312-321
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.312
summary	This research presents a novel construction method that links robotic assembly and in place 3D printing. Rather than producing custom joints in a separate prefabrication process, our approach enables creating highly customized connection details that are 3D printed directly onto off-the-shelf building members during their assembly process. Challenging the current fashion of highly predetermined joints in digital construction, detailing in place offers an adaptive fabrication method, enabling the expressive tailoring of connection details addressing its specific architectural conditions. In the present research, the in place detailing strategy is explored through robotic wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), a metal 3D printing technique based on MIG welding. The robotic WAAM process coupled with localization and path-planning strategies allows a local control of the detail geometry enabling the fabrication of customized welded connections that can compensate material and construction tolerances. The paper outlines the potential of 3D printing in place details, describes methods and techniques to realize them and shows experimental results that validate the approach.
keywords	work in progress, fabrication & robotics, robotic production, materials/adaptive systems, architectural detailing
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2018_386
id	ecaade2018_386
authors	Brandao, Filipe, Paio, Alexandra and Antunes, Nuno
year	2018
title	Towards a Digitally Fabricated Disassemble-able Building System - A CNC fabricated T-Slot Joint
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 11-20
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.2.011
summary	Growing dissemination of digital fabrication technologies coupled with a renewed interest in wood as a construction material have led to a resurgence of research into integral wood joints. Recent research on digitally fabricated wood joints has focused primarily on robotic or on CNC router produced snap-fit or tab-and-slot joints. These types of joints have several problems in sheathing to structure connections. The present paper reports on research into design and fabrication of T-slot joints that allow hidden back-face connections which are disassemble-able. It is part of an ongoing research whose aim is to develop disassemble-able and mass customizable construction system of partition walls for building renovation.
keywords	Wood Joints; Digital Fabrication; Wood; Design for Disassembly
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia23_v1_166
id	acadia23_v1_166
authors	Chamorro Martin, Eduardo; Burry, Mark; Marengo, Mathilde
year	2023
title	High-performance Spatial Composite 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 166-171.
summary	This project explores the advantages of employing continuum material topology optimization in a 3D non-standard lattice structure through fiber additive manufacturing processes (Figure 1). Additive manufacturing (AM) has gained rapid adoption in architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). However, existing optimization techniques often overlook the mechanical anisotropy of AM processes, resulting in suboptimal structural properties, with a focus on layer-by-layer or planar processes. Materials, processes, and techniques considering anisotropy behavior (Kwon et al. 2018) could enhance structural performance (Xie 2022). Research on 3D printing materials with high anisotropy is limited (Eichenhofer et al. 2017), but it holds potential benefits (Liu et al. 2018). Spatial lattices, such as space frames, maximize structural efficiency by enhancing flexural rigidity and load-bearing capacity using minimal material (Woods et al. 2016). From a structural design perspective, specific non-standard lattice geometries offer great potential for reducing material usage, leading to lightweight load-bearing structures (Shelton 2017). The flexibility and freedom of shape inherent to AM offers the possibility to create aggregated continuous truss-like elements with custom topologies.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	ecaade2018_295
id	ecaade2018_295
authors	Dezen-Kempter, Eloisa, Cogima, Camila Kimi, Vieira de Paiva, Pedro Victor and Garcia de Carvalho, Marco Antonio
year	2018
title	BIM for Heritage Documentation - An ontology-based approach
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 213-222
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.213
summary	In the recent decades, the high-resolution remote sensing, through 3D laser scanning and photogrammetry benefited historic buildings maintenance, conservation, and restoration works. However, the dense surface models (DSM) generated from the data capture have nonstructured features as lack of topology and semantic discretization. The process to create a semantically oriented 3D model from the DSM, using the of Building Information Model technology, is a possibility to integrate historical information about the life cycle of the building to maintain and improving architectural valued building stock to its functional level and safeguarding its outstanding historical value. Our approach relies on an ontology-based system to represent the knowledge related to the building. Our work outlines a model-driven approach based on the hybrid data acquisition, its post-processing, the identification of the building' main features for the parametric modeling, and the development of an ontological map integrated with the BIM model. The methodology proposed was applied to a large-scale industrial historical building, located in Brazil. The DSM were compared, providing a qualitative assessment of the proposed method.
keywords	Reality-based Surveying; Ontology-based System; BIM; Built heritage management
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia18_260
id	acadia18_260
authors	Tish, Daniel; Schork, Tim; McGee, Wes
year	2018
title	Topologically Optimized and Functionally Graded Cable Nets. New approaches through robotic additive manufacturing
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 260-265
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.260
summary	Recent advancements in the realm of additive manufacturing technologies have made it possible to directly manufacture the complex geometries that are resultant from topological optimization and functionally graded material processes. Topological optimization processes are well understood and widely used within the realm of structural engineering and have been increasingly adopted in architectural design and research. However, there has been little research devoted to the topological optimization of cable nets and their fabrication through robotic additive manufacturing. This paper presents a design framework for the optimization of additively manufactured tensile cable nets that attempts to bridge between these two domains by reframing the scale of topological optimization processes. Instead of focusing solely on the topology optimization at the macro-scale of cable nets, this research develops a method to optimize the meso-scale topology and defines metamaterial units with different properties to be aggregated into a complex whole. This reorientation from the formal towards the material domain signals an engagement with morphogenetic modes of design that find formal expression through bottom-up material processes. In order to further investigate the emerging potentials of this reorientation, the presented method is validated through physical deformation tests, as well as applied to the design of a furniture-scale case study project realized through the use of robotic additive manufacturing of elastomeric materials
keywords	work in progress, materials & adaptive systems, robotic production, computation, flexible structures
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2018_433
id	ecaade2018_433
authors	Daher, Elie, Kubicki, Sylvain and Pak, Burak
year	2018
title	Participation-based Parametric Design in Early Stages - A participative design process for spatial planning in office building
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 429-438
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.429
summary	The term participation has been used to define different activities, such as civil debate, communication, consultation, delegation, self-help construction, political decisions. However, participation in design started from the idea that individuals whom being affected by a design project must contribute to the design process. Recently, designers have been moving closer to the future users and developing new ways to empower them to get involved in the design process. In this paper we rethink the way the early design process is developed in a participatory approach thanks to parametric methods. A use case is proposed showing the potential of parametric design methods to empower the participation of users in the design of their facilities. The use case is dealing in particular with the spatial planning of an office building where the users together with the spatial planning team are able to design the layout spatial configuration by 1) fixing the objectives, 2) manipulating the model, 3)modifying some parameters, 4) visualizing the iterations and evaluating in a real-time each solution in an interactive 3D environment and together with facility managers 5) choosing the configuration of the spatial layout.
keywords	Computational design; Participatory design; Optimization ; Parametric design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2018_292
id	caadria2018_292
authors	Eid Mohamed, Basem, ElKaftangui, Mohamed and Zureikat, Rana
year	2018
title	{In}Formed Panels - Towards Rethinking the Precast Concrete Industry in the UAE
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 287-296
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.1.287
summary	The convergence of digital design and fabrication technologies have offered architects and designers the means by which to develop customized architectural artifacts, ones that goes beyond the standards of "one size fits all". Such applications have been applied extensively in various architectural practices, and specifically in the realm of industrialized building production, given that they present a suitable model. Although unrecognized within standard precast concrete production, current research acknowledges the need for advanced computer applications for shifting the industry into a digitized process. This paper represent a critical phase of an ongoing research endeavor that aims at rethinking the precast concrete production in the UAE, and MENA region for housing typologies. The project explores possibilities of a new protocol that is focused from design to production, relying on performative design strategies, and possible optimized for large format 3D printing of concrete elements. The aim is to develop an integrated façade panels system that is tailored for design and production; an approach that goes beyond current industry practices.
keywords	Precast Concrete; Industrialized Construction; Evolutionary Design; Optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ijac201816403
id	ijac201816403
authors	Pantazis, Evangelos and David Gerber
year	2018
title	A framework for generating and evaluating façade designs using a multi-agent system approach
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 16 - no. 4, 248-270
summary	Digital design paradigms in architecture have been rooted in representational models which are geometry centered and therefore fail to capture building complexity holistically. Due to a lack of computational design methodologies, existing digital design workflows do little in predicting design performance in the early design stage and in most cases analysis and design optimization are done after a design is fixed. This work proposes a new computational design methodology, intended for use in the area of conceptual design of building design. The proposed methodology is implemented into a multi-agent system design toolkit which facilitates the generation of design alternatives using stochastic algorithms and their evaluation using multiple environmental performance metrics. The method allows the user to probabilistically explore the solution space by modeling the design parameters’ architectural design components (i.e. façade panel) into modular programming blocks (agents) which interact in a bottom-up fashion. Different problem requirements (i.e. level of daylight inside a space, openings) described into agents’ behavior allow for the coupling of data from different engineering fields (environmental design, structural design) into the a priori formation of architectural geometry. In the presented design experiment, a façade panel is modeled into an agent-based fashion and the multi-agent system toolkit is used to generate and evolve alternative façade panel configurations based on environmental parameters (daylight, energy consumption). The designer can develop the façade panel geometry, design behaviors, and performance criteria to evaluate the design alternatives. The toolkit relies on modular and functionally specific programming modules (agents), which provide a platform for façade design exploration by combining existing three-dimensional modeling and analysis software.
keywords	Generative design, multi-agent systems, façade design, agent-based modeling, stochastic search
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	acadia21_246
id	acadia21_246
authors	Safley, Nick
year	2021
title	Reconnecting...
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 246-255.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.246
summary	This design research reimagines the architectural detail in a postdigital framework and proposes digital methods to work upon discrete tectonics. Drawing upon Marco Frascari's writing The Tell-the-Tale Detail, the study aims to reimagine tectonic thinking for focused attention after the digital turn. Today, computational tools are powerful enough to perform operations more similar to physical tools than in the earlier digital era. These tools create a "digital materiality," where architects can manipulate digital information in parallel and overlapping ways to physical corollaries. (Abrons and Fure, 2018) To date, work in this area has focused on materiality specifically. This project reinterprets tectonics using texture map editing and point cloud information, particularly reconceptualizing jointing using images. Smartphone-based 3D digital scanning was used to captured details from a series of Carlo Scarpa's influential works, isolating these details from their physical sites and focusing attention upon individual tectonic moments. As digital scans, these details problematize the rhetoric of smoothness and seamlessness prevalent in digital architecture as they are discretely construed loci yet composed of digital meshes. (Jones 2014) Once removed from their contexts, reconnecting the digital scans into compositions of "compound details" necessitated a series of new mechanisms for constructing and construing not native to the material world. Using Photoshop editing of texture-mapped images, digital texturing of meshes, and interpretation of the initial material constructions, new joints within and between these the digital scanned details were created to reframe the original detail for the post-digital.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2018_173
id	caadria2018_173
authors	Stouffs, Rudi
year	2018
title	A Triple Graph Grammar Approach to Mapping IFC Models into CityGML Building Models
source	T. Fukuda, W. Huang, P. Janssen, K. Crolla, S. Alhadidi (eds.), Learning, Adapting and Prototyping - Proceedings of the 23rd CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, 17-19 May 2018, pp. 41-50
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2018.2.041
summary	A triple graph grammar approach is adopted as a formal framework for semantic and geometric conversion of IFC models into CityGML Level of Detail 3/4 building models. The triple graph grammar approach supports a semantic mapping from IFC to CityGML, the generation of conversion routines from this mapping, and an incremental approach to achieving a "complete and near-lossless" mapping. The objective of this approach is the development of a methodology and algorithms to automate the conversion of Building Information Models into CityGML building models, capturing both geometric and semantic information as available in the BIM models, in order to create semantically enriched 3D city models that include both exterior and interior structures.
keywords	BIM; CityGML; conversion; semantic; automated
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia18_82
id	acadia18_82
authors	Sun, Chengyu; Zheng, Zhaohua; Sun, Tongyu
year	2018
title	Hybrid Fabrication. A free-form building process with high on-site flexibility and acceptable accumulative error
source	ACADIA // 2018: Recalibration. On imprecisionand infidelity. [Proceedings of the 38th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-692-17729-7] Mexico City, Mexico 18-20 October, 2018, pp. 82-87
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2018.082
summary	Although digital fabrication has a booming development in the building industry, especially in freeform building, its further application in onsite operations is still limited because of the huge flexibility required in programming. On the contrary, traditional manual fabrication onsite deals perfectly with problems that always accompany fatal accumulative errors in freeform building. This study explores a hybrid fabrication paradigm to take advantage of both in an onsite freeform building project, in which there is a cycling human–computer interactive process consisting of manual operation and computer guidance in real time. A Hololens-Kinect system in a framework of typical project camera systems is used in the demonstration. When human builders perceive, decide, and operate the irregular foam bricks in a complex onsite environment, the computer keeps updating the current form through 3D scanning and prompting the position and orientation of the next brick through augmented display. From a starting vault, the computer always fine tunes its control surface according to the gradually installed bricks and keeps following a catenary formula. Thus, the hybrid fabrication actually benefits from the flexibility based on human judgment and operation, and an acceptable level of accumulative error can be handled through computer guidance concerning the structural performance and formal accuracy.
keywords	work in progress, vr/ar/mr, hybrid practices
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2018_265
id	ecaade2018_265
authors	Tauscher, Helga and Stouffs, Rudi
year	2018
title	An IFC-to-CityGML Triple Graph Grammar
source	Kepczynska-Walczak, A, Bialkowski, S (eds.), Computing for a better tomorrow - Proceedings of the 36th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland, 19-21 September 2018, pp. 517-524
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2018.1.517
summary	A triple graph grammar has been adopted as a formal framework for semantic and geometric conversion of IFC models into CityGML Level of Detail (LoD) 3/4 building models. The advantages of a triple graph grammar approach are threefold: firstly, it allows for the conversion rules to be graphically defined; secondly, the generation of the conversion routines corresponding to these rules can be automated; and, thirdly, a complete mapping can be achieved in an incremental way by adding rule by rule.The objective of this work is the development of a methodology and algorithms to automate the conversion of Building Information Models into CityGML building models, capturing both geometric and semantic information as available in the BIM models, in order to create semantically enriched 3D city models that include both exterior and interior structures such as corridors, rooms, internal doors, and stairs.
keywords	BIM; CityGML; Triple Graph Grammar; conversion
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	caadria2023_395
id	caadria2023_395
authors	Luo, Jiaxiang, Mastrokalou, Efthymia, Aldaboos, Sarah and Aldabous, Rahaf
year	2023
title	Research on the Exploration of Sprayed Clay Material and Modeling System
source	Immanuel Koh, Dagmar Reinhardt, Mohammed Makki, Mona Khakhar, Nic Bao (eds.), HUMAN-CENTRIC - Proceedings of the 28th CAADRIA Conference, Ahmedabad, 18-24 March 2023, pp. 231–240
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2023.2.231
summary	As a traditional building material, clay has been used by humans for a long time. From early civilisations, to the modern dependence on new technologies, the craft of clay making is commonly linked with the use of moulds, handmade creations, ceramic extruders, etc. (Schmandt and Besserat, 1977). Clay in the form of bricks is one of the oldest building materials known (Fernandes et al, 2010). This research expands the possibilities offered by standardised bricks by testing types of clay, forms, shapes, porosity, and structural methods. The traditional way of working with clay relies on human craftsmanship and is based on the use of semi-solid clay (Fernandes et al., 2010). However, there is little research on the use of clay slurry. With the rise of 3D printing systems in recent years, research and development has been emerging on using clay as a 3D printing filament (Gürsoy, 2018). Researchers have discovered that in order for 3D-printed clay slurry to solidify quickly to support the weight of the added layers during printing, curing agents such as lime, coal ash, cement, etc. have to be added to the clay slurry. After adding these substances, clay is difficult to be reused and can have a negative effect on the environment (Chen et al., 2021). In this study, a unique method for manufacturing clay elements of intricate geometries is proposed with the help of an internal skeleton that can be continuously reused. The study introduces the process of applying clay on a special structure through spraying and showcases how this method creates various opportunities for customisation of production.
keywords	Spray clay, Substructure, 3D printing, Modelling system, Reusable
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2023/06/15 23:14

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