Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2021_115
id	caadria2021_115
authors	Chen, Qin Chuan, Lakshmi Narasimhan, Vaishnavi and Lee, Hyunsoo
year	2021
title	The potential of IoT-based smart environment in reaction to COVID-19 pandemic
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 709-718
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.709
summary	COVID-19 was first reported in late December 2019 and quickly become a global health crisis. In the COVID-19 pandemic context, the dense and open characteristics make the public spaces a potential virus transmission hotspot. Therefore, it is extremely critical to adopt a more advanced and effective method in public environments to slow down its spread until a vaccine is widely used. A smart environment in the form of IoT, also known as the architecture of IoT, consists of three layers: perception layer, network layer, and application layer. A smart environment allows data and activities that happen in this environment to be collected, processed, and shared in real-time through various sensors. It can be introduced for early detection, tracking, and monitoring of potential confirmed cases. The smart environment is considered one of the most promising approaches to face and tackle the current scenario. However, research focusing on the potential of IoT smart environment in reaction to COVID-19 is still meager. Therefore, this paper identifies the smart environments potential based on the concept of IoT architectures three layers and further discusses how IoT can be introduced in public spaces to help battle the pandemic.
keywords	Internet of Things; Smart environment; COVID-19
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2021_089
id	caadria2021_089
authors	Cristie, Verina, Ibrahim, Nazim and Joyce, Sam Conrad
year	2021
title	Capturing and Evaluating Parametric Design Exploration in a Collaborative Environment - A study case of versioning for parametric design
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 131-140
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.131
summary	Although parametric modelling and digital design tools have become ubiquitous in digital design, there is a limited understanding of how designers apply them in their design processes (Yu et al., 2014). This paper looks at the use of GHShot versioning tool developed by the authors (Cristie & Joyce, 2018; 2019) used to capture and track changes and progression of parametric models to understand early-stage design exploration and collaboration empirically. We introduce both development history graph-based metrics (macro-process) and parametric model and geometry change metric (micro-process) as frameworks to explore and understand the captured progression data. These metrics, applied to data collected from three cohorts of classroom collaborative design exercises, exhibited students' distinct modification patterns such as major and complex creation processes or minor parameter explorations. Finally, with the metrics' applicability as an objective language to describe the (collaborative) design process, we recommend using versioning for more data-driven insight into parametric design exploration processes.
keywords	Design exploration; parametric design; history recording; version control; collaborative design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia23_v1_34
id	acadia23_v1_34
authors	Gascon Alvarez, Eduardo; Curth, Alexander (Sandy); Feickert, Kiley; Martinez Schulte, Dinorah; Mueller, Caitlin; Ismail, Mohamed
year	2023
title	Algorithmic Design for Low-Carbon, Low-Cost Housing Construction in Mexico
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 34-38.
summary	Mexico is one of the most urbanized countries in the Global South, and simultaneously faces a rapidly increasing population and a deluge of inadequate housing (URBANET 2019). In 2016, it was estimated that 40 percent of all private residences in Mexico were considered inadequate by UN-Habitat (UN-Habitat 2018). As informal housing constitutes over half of all Mexican housing construction, the most vulnerable groups of the population are particularly impacted. Therefore, there is a serious need to innovate in the area of low-cost building construction for housing in Mexico. This research explores how shape-optimized concrete and earth construction could help provide adequate housing without jeopardizing the country’s commitment to sustainability.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	caadria2021_251
id	caadria2021_251
authors	Ma, Chun Yu and van Ameijde, Jeroen
year	2021
title	Participatory Housing: Discrete Design and Construction Systems for High-Rise Housing in Hong Kong
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 271-280
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.271
summary	There has been a recent increase in the exploration of mereological systems, speculating on how digital design, assembly and reconfiguration of digital materials (Gershenfeld, 2015) enables digitally informed physical worlds that change over time. Besides opportunities for construction and design automation, there is a potential to reimagine how multiple stakeholders can participate in the computational decision-making process, using the benefits of the mass customization of logistics (Retsin, 2019). This paper presents a research-by-design project that applies a digital and discrete material system to high-rise housing in Hong Kong. The project has developed an integrated approach to design, construction, and inhabitation, using a system of discrete parts which can be assembled in various apartment configurations, to incorporate varying occupants requirements and facilitate negotiations and changes over time.
keywords	Participatory Design; Generative Design; Adaptable Architecture; High-rise Housing
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2021_445
id	caadria2021_445
authors	Noel, Vernelle A. A., Nikookar, Niloofar, Pye, Jamieson, Tran, Phuong 'Karen' and Laudeman, Sara
year	2021
title	The Infinite Line Active Bending Pavilion: Culture,Craft and Computation
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 351-360
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.351
summary	Active bending projects today employ highly specialized, complex computer software and machines for design, simulation, and materialization. At times, these projects lack a sensitivity to cultures limited in high-tech infrastructures but rich in low-tech knowledges. Situated Computations is an approach to computational design that grounds it in the social world by acknowledging historical, cultural, and material contexts of design and making, as well as the social and political structures that drive them. In this article, we ask, how can a Situated Computations approach to contemporary active bending broaden the design space and uplift low-tech cultural practices? To answer this question, we design and build "The Infinite Line"- an active bending pavilion that draws on the history, material practices, and knowledges in design in the Trinidad Carnival - for the 2019 International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures (IASS) exhibition in Barcelona, Spain. We conclude that Situated Computations provide an opportunity to integrate local knowledges, histories, design practices, and material behaviors as drivers in active bending approaches, so that structure, material practices, and cultural settings are considered concurrently.
keywords	Situated Computations; craft; wire-bending; active bending structures; Trinidad Carnival; dancing sculptures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2021_053
id	caadria2021_053
authors	Rhee, Jinmo and Veloso, Pedro
year	2021
title	Generative Design of Urban Fabrics Using Deep Learning
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 31-40
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.1.031
summary	This paper describes the Urban Structure Synthesizer (USS), a research prototype based on deep learning that generates diagrams of morphologically consistent urban fabrics from context-rich urban datasets. This work is part of a larger research on computational analysis of the relationship between urban context and morphology. USS relies on a data collection method that extracts GIS data and converts it to diagrams with context information (Rhee et al., 2019). The resulting dataset with context-rich diagrams is used to train a Wasserstein GAN (WGAN) model, which learns how to synthesize novel urban fabric diagrams with the morphological and contextual qualities present in the dataset. The model is also trained with a random vector in the input, which is later used to enable parametric control and variation for the urban fabric diagram. Finally, the resulting diagrams are translated to 3D geometric entities using computer vision techniques and geometric modeling. The diagrams generated by USS suggest that a learning-based method can be an alternative to methods that rely on experts to build rule sets or parametric models to grasp the morphological qualities of the urban fabric.
keywords	Deep Learning; Urban Fabric; Generative Design; Artificial Intelligence; Urban Morphology
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2021_231
id	caadria2021_231
authors	Wong, Kwan Ki Calvin and van Ameijde, Jeroen
year	2021
title	In-Between Spaces: Data-driven Analysis and Generative Design for Public Housing Estate Layouts
source	A. Globa, J. van Ameijde, A. Fingrut, N. Kim, T.T.S. Lo (eds.), PROJECTIONS - Proceedings of the 26th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Online, Hong Kong, 29 March - 1 April 2021, pp. 397-406
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2021.2.397
summary	As Hong Kong constructs increasingly high-density, high-rise public housing estates to increase land use efficiency, public in-between spaces are more constrained, which impacts the quality of social relations, movements and daily practices of residents (Shelton et al. 2011; Tang et al. 2019). Current planning practices are focused on the achievement of quantitative performance measures, rather than qualitative design considerations that support residents experiences and community interaction. This paper presents a new methodology that combines urban analysis and generative design for the regeneration of social housing estates, based on the spatial and social qualities of their in-between spaces.
keywords	Social Housing; Public Open Space; Generative Design; Urban Planning
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	cdrf2021_286
id	cdrf2021_286
authors	Yimeng Wei, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu,Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova
year	2021
title	Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
source	Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27
summary	There are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_ProgrammableWater-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:53

_id	acadia23_v3_77
id	acadia23_v3_77
authors	Zahiri, Nima
year	2023
title	Heigh-active Wood: Elasticity, Anisotropicity, and Hygroscopicity in Timber High-Rises
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	The term ‘height-active’ coined by Heino Engel refers to “structure systems, of which the main task is to collect loads from horizontal planes . . . and to vertically transmit them to the base . . . or high-rises accordingly.” (Engel 2013, 14) The focus of this paper is on the characteristics of height-active wood structures due to their vertical extension and susceptibility to horizontal loading. We shall argue that “more innovation can be expected from the advanced understanding of material characteristics, which can be integrated and taken advantage of in the design process, rather than homogenized, approximated or ignored.” (Correa, Krieg and Meyboom 2019, 74) Conventional construction, insofar, has employed linear and planar wood elements in a hierarchical manner. There is an interest to take advantage of wood’s flexibility to innovate free-form high-rise wood structures. Digitized material application of wood has a wide range of technical and functional adaptation. This field notes essay highlights the importance of three main material characteristics of wood – elasticity, anisotropicity, hygroscopicity – for structural design typology of evolving high-rise endeavors.
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	acadia23_v1_196
id	acadia23_v1_196
authors	Bao, Ding Wen; Yan, Xin; Min Xie, Yi
year	2023
title	Intelligent Form
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 196-201.
summary	InterLoop employs previously developed workflows that enable multi-planar robotic bending of metal tubes with high accuracy and repeatability (Huang and Spaw 2022). The scale and complexity is managed by employing augmented reality (AR) technology in two capacities, fabrication and assembly (Jahn et al. 2018; Jahn, Newnham, and Berg 2022). The AR display overlays part numbers, bending sequences, expected geometry, and robot movements in real time as the robot fabrication is occurring. For assembly purposes, part numbers, centerlines, and their expected positional relationships are projected via quick response (QR) codes spatially tracked by the Microsoft Hololens 2 (Microsoft 2019). This is crucial due to the length and self-similarity of complex multi-planar parts that make them difficult to distinguish and orient correctly. Leveraging augmented reality technology and robotic fabrication uncovers a novel material expression in tubular structures with bundles, knots, and interweaving (Figure 1).
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	acadia23_v2_340
id	acadia23_v2_340
authors	Huang, Lee-Su; Spaw, Gregory
year	2023
title	Augmented Reality Assisted Robotic: Tube Bending
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 2: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-0-3]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 340-349.
summary	The intent of this research is to study potential improvements and optimizations in the context of robotic fabrication paired with Augmented Reality (AR), leveraging the technology in the fabrication of the individual part, as well as guiding the larger assembly process. AR applications within the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry have seen constant research and development as designers, fabricators, and contractors seek methods to reduce errors, minimize waste, and optimize efficiency to lower costs (Chi, Kang, and Wang 2013). Recent advancements have made the technology very accessible and feasible for use in the field, as demonstrated by seminal projects such as the Steampunk Pavilion in Tallinn, Estonia (Jahn, Newnham, and Berg 2022). These types of projects typically improve manual craft processes. They often provide projective guidelines, and make possible complex geometries that would otherwise be painstakingly slow to complete and require decades of artisanal experience (Jahn et al. 2019). Building upon a previously developed robotic tube bending workflow, our research implements a custom AR interface to streamline the bending process for multiple, large, complex parts with many bends, providing a pre-visualization of the expected fabrication process for safety and part-verification purposes. We demonstrate the utility of this AR overlay in the part fabrication setting and in an inadvertent, human-robot, collaborative process when parts push the fabrication method past its limits. The AR technology is also used to facilitate the assembly process of a spatial installation exploring a unique aesthetic with subtle bends, loops, knots, bundles, and weaves utilizing a rigid tube material.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2024/12/20 09:12

_id	acadia23_v1_180
id	acadia23_v1_180
authors	Huang, Lee-Su; Spaw, Gregory
year	2023
title	InterLoop
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 180-187.
summary	InterLoop employs previously developed workflows that enable multi-planar robotic bending of metal tubes with high accuracy and repeatability (Huang and Spaw 2022). The scale and complexity is managed by employing augmented reality (AR) technology in two capacities, fabrication and assembly (Jahn et al. 2018; Jahn, Newnham, and Berg 2022). The AR display overlays part numbers, bending sequences, expected geometry, and robot movements in real time as the robot fabrication is occurring. For assembly purposes, part numbers, centerlines, and their expected positional relationships are projected via quick response (QR) codes spatially tracked by the Microsoft Hololens 2 (Microsoft 2019). This is crucial due to the length and self-similarity of complex multi-planar parts that make them difficult to distinguish and orient correctly. Leveraging augmented reality technology and robotic fabrication uncovers a novel material expression in tubular structures with bundles, knots, and interweaving (Figure 1).
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	acadia23_v1_174
id	acadia23_v1_174
authors	Nejur, Andrei
year	2023
title	NoeudAL Pavilion: Ultralight folded nodes for bespoke geometries
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 1: Projects Catalog of the 43rd Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9860805-8-1]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 174-179.
summary	This research project, conducted at the University of Montreal School of Architecture, presents an innovative approach to the construction of reticulated structures, focusing on the development and application of a novel, ultralight aluminum node. The node, constructed from a folded, laser-cut, 1-mm aluminum sheet, is designed to accommodate wooden linear members with varied rectangular sections, making it adaptable to bespoke geometries and low valence nodes. This innovative design offers a solution to the long-standing challenge in the construction industry of balancing cost, customization, and weight for reticulated structures through novel node designs (Abdelwahab and Tsavdaridis 2019; Dyvik et al. 2023; Chilton 2007; Rochas 2014; Hassani et al. 2020).
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:58

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_467
id	ecaadesigradi2019_467
authors	Petrš, Jan, Dahy, Hanaa and Florián, Miloš
year	2019
title	From MoleMOD to MoleSTRING - Design of self-assembly structures actuated by shareable soft robots
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 179-188
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.179
summary	This paper proposes a self-assembling system for architectural application. It is a reaction to current building crisis and high energy consumption by building industry. This Unique system is based on a reconfiguration of passive elements by low-cost soft robots able to move inside as well as configure them into 2D/3D structures similar to recent Modular robots. A goal is to significantly reduce the high price and complexity of state of the art modular robots by minimization of mechatronic parts and using soft materials. The concept focuses on life-cycle management when one system can achieve assembly, reconfiguration, and disassembly with a minimum of waste. The paper compares three different versions of a self-assembly system called MoleMOD: MoleCUBE, MoleCHAIN, and MoleSTRING.
keywords	Self-assembly; Soft robotics; Modular robotics; Reconfigurable string; Adaptive architecture
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	acadia23_v3_71
id	acadia23_v3_71
authors	Vassigh, Shahin; Bogosian, Biayna
year	2023
title	Envisioning an Open Knowledge Network (OKN) for AEC Roboticists
source	ACADIA 2023: Habits of the Anthropocene: Scarcity and Abundance in a Post-Material Economy [Volume 3: Proceedings of the 43rd Annual Conference for the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-9891764-1-0]. Denver. 26-28 October 2023. edited by A. Crawford, N. Diniz, R. Beckett, J. Vanucchi, M. Swackhamer 24-32.
summary	The construction industry faces numerous challenges related to productivity, sustainability, and meeting global demands (Hatoum and Nassereddine 2020; Carra et al. 2018; Barbosa, Woetzel, and Mischke 2017; Bock 2015; Linner 2013). In response, the automation of design and construction has emerged as a promising solution. In the past three decades, researchers and innovators in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) fields have made significant strides in automating various aspects of building construction, utilizing computational design and robotic fabrication processes (Dubor et al. 2019). However, synthesizing innovation in automation encounters several obstacles. First, there is a lack of an established venue for information sharing, making it difficult to build upon the knowledge of peers. First, the absence of a well-established platform for information sharing hinders the ability to effectively capitalize on the knowledge of peers. Consequently, much of the research remains isolated, impeding the rapid dissemination of knowledge within the field (Mahbub 2015). Second, the absence of a standardized and unified process for automating design and construction leads to the individual development of standards, workflows, and terminologies. This lack of standardization presents a significant obstacle to research and learning within the field. Lastly, insufficient training materials hinder the acquisition of skills necessary to effectively utilize automation. Traditional in-person robotics training is resource-intensive, expensive, and designed for specific platforms (Peterson et al. 2021; Thomas 2013).
series	ACADIA
type	field note
email
last changed	2024/04/17 13:59

_id	acadia21_70
id	acadia21_70
authors	McAndrew, Claire; Jaschke, Clara; Retsin, Gilles; Saey, Kevin; Claypool, Mollie; Parissi, Danaë
year	2021
title	House Block
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 70-75.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.070
summary	House Block was a temporary housing prototype in East London, UK from April to May 2021. The project constituted the most recent in a series of experiments developing Automated Architecture (AUAR) Labs’ discrete framework for housing production, one which repositions the architect as curator of a system and enables participants to engage with active agency. Recognizing that there is a knowledge gap to be addressed for this reconfiguration of practices to take form, this project centred on making automation and its potential for local communities tangible. This sits within broader calls advocating for a more material alignment of inclusive design with makers and 21st Century making in practice (see, for example, Luck 2018). House Block was designed and built using AUAR’s discrete housing system consisting of a kit of parts, known as Block Type A. Each block was CNC milled from a single sheet of plywood, assembled by hand, and then post-tensioned on site. Constructed from 270 identical blocks, there are no predefined geometric types or hierarchy between parts. The discrete enables an open-ended, adaptive system where each block can be used as a column, floor slab, wall, or stair—allowing for disconnection, reconfiguration, and reassembly (Retsin 2019). The democratisation of design and production that defines the discrete creates points for alternative value systems to enter, for critical realignments in architectural production.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia21_76
id	acadia21_76
authors	Smith, Rebecca
year	2021
title	Passive Listening and Evidence Collection
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 76-81.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.076
summary	In this paper, I present the commercial, urban-scale gunshot detection system ShotSpotter in contrast with a range of ecological sensing examples which monitor animal vocalizations. Gunshot detection sensors are used to alert law enforcement that a gunshot has occurred and to collect evidence. They are intertwined with processes of criminalization, in which the individual, rather than the collective, is targeted for punishment. Ecological sensors are used as a “passive” practice of information gathering which seeks to understand the health of a given ecosystem through monitoring population demographics, and to document the collective harms of anthropogenic change (Stowell and Sueur 2020). In both examples, the ability of sensing infrastructures to “join up and speed up” (Gabrys 2019, 1) is increasing with the use of machine learning to identify patterns and objects: a new form of expertise through which the differential agendas of these systems are implemented and made visible. I trace the differential agendas of these systems as they manifest through varied components: the spatial distribution of hardware in the existing urban environment and / or landscape; the software and other informational processes that organize and translate the data; the visualization of acoustical sensing data; the commercial factors surrounding the production of material components; and the apps, platforms, and other forms of media through which information is made available to different stakeholders. I take an interpretive and qualitative approach to the analysis of these systems as cultural artifacts (Winner 1980), to demonstrate how the political and social stakes of the technology are embedded throughout them.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2019_180
id	caadria2019_180
authors	Wang, Sining and Crolla, Kristof
year	2019
title	Design Practice Complexity in the Post-Digital Age - Theoretical discussion and comparative case study of non-standard building faÃ§ades
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 481-490
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.481
summary	This paper starts by introducing an expression proposed by William J. Mitchell measuring the "complexity" of a designed and constructed architectural project. After reviewing other interpretations of this term, as well as specific peculiarities from the building industry, the article expands this metric from an organisational and technological perspective. This is followed by the case studies of six non-standard faÃ§ades whose process complexities are driven by their project-specific affordances. By comparing built projects of different architects and implementation environments, the paper suggests specific criteria for non-standard architectural designs. Application of acquired knowledge has the potential to help architects better control their project's design and construction solution space.
keywords	project complexity; measurement; non-standard; China
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia21_340
id	acadia21_340
authors	Zhang, Yu; Tatarintseva, Liz; Clewlow, Tom; Clark, Ed; Botsford, Gianni; Shea, Kristina
year	2021
title	Mortarless Compressed Earth Block Dwellings
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 340-345.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.340
summary	This project develops a template design and an adaptive fabrication process for sustainable Compressed Earth Block (CEB) dwellings for low-income countries. Most existing projects (Wilton et al. 2019; WASP 2021) on sustainable dwellings involve high-tech equipment or skilled workers on-site. This project integrates digital technologies into the design and fabrication processes to reduce these requirements and make the design compatible with conventional construction methods that are actively adopted in low-income countries using minimum infrastructure, skilled labor, and investment.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

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