Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2019_020
id	cf2019_020
authors	Belém, Catarina; Luís Santos and António Leitão
year	2019
title	On the Impact of Machine Learning: Architecture without Architects?
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 148-167
summary	Architecture has always followed and adopted technological breakthroughs of other areas. As a case in point, in the last decades, the field of computation changed the face of architectural practice. Considering the recent breakthroughs of Machine Learning (ML), it is expectable to see architecture adopting ML-based approaches. However, it is not yet clear how much this adoption will change the architectural practice and in order to forecast this change it is necessary to understand the foundations of ML and its impact in other fields of human activity. This paper discusses important ML techniques and areas where they were successfully applied. Based on those examples, this paper forecast hypothetical uses of ML in the realm of building design. In particular, we examine ML approaches in conceptualization, algorithmization, modeling, and optimization tasks. In the end, we conjecture potential applications of such approaches, suggest future lines of research, and speculate on the future face of the architectural profession.
keywords	Machine Learning, Algorithmic Design, AI for Building Design
series	CAAD Futures
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:54

_id	cf2019_032
id	cf2019_032
authors	Khean, Nariddh; Alessandra Fabbri, David Gerber and M. Hank Haeusler
year	2019
title	Examining Potential Socio-economic Factors that Aﬀect Machine Learning Research in the AEC Industry
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 254
summary	Machine learning (ML) has increasingly dominated discussions about the shape of mankind’s future, permeating almost all facets of our digital, and even physical, world. Yet, contrary to the relentless march of almost all other industries, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry have lagged behind in the uptake of ML for its own challenges. Through a systematic review of ML projects from a leading global engineering ﬁrm, this paper investigates social, political, economic, and cultural (SPEC) factors that have helped or hindered ML’s uptake. Further, the paper discusses how ML is perceived at various points in the economic hierarchy, how eﬀective forms of communication is vital in a highly-specialized workforce, and how ML’s unexpected eﬀectiveness have forced policy makers to reassess data governance and privacy; all the while considering what this means for the adoption of ML in the AEC industry. This investigation, its methodology, background research, systematic review, and its conclusion are presented.
keywords	Machine learning · Artiﬁcial intelligence · Research and development · Architecture, engineering, and construction industry · Social factors · Political factors · Economic factors · Cultural factors
series	CAAD Futures
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:17

_id	cf2019_048
id	cf2019_048
authors	Argota Sanchez-Vaquerizo, Javier and Daniel Cardoso Llach
year	2019
title	The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces 2.0 Three Experiments in Computational Urban Studies
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 430
summary	This paper introduces a novel framework for urban analysis that leverages computational techniques, along with established urban research methods, to study how people use urban public space. Through three case studies in different urban locations in Europe and the US, it demonstrates how recent machine learning and computer vision techniques may assist us in producing unprecedently detailed portraits of the relative influence of urban and environmental variables on people’s use of public space. The paper further discusses the potential of this framework to enable empirically-enriched forms of urban and social analysis with applications in urban planning, design, research, and policy.
keywords	Data Analytics, Urban Design, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Space Syntax
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cf2019_069
id	cf2019_069
authors	Caetano, Inês ;and António Leitão
year	2019
title	Weaving Architectural Façades: Exploring algorithmic stripe-based design patterns
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 565-584
summary	With the recent technological developments, particularly, the integration of computational design approaches in architecture, the traditional art techniques became increasingly important in the field. This includes weaving techniques, which have a promising application in architectural screens and façade designs. Nevertheless, the adoption of weaving as a design strategy still has many unexplored areas, particularly those related to Algorithmic Design (AD). This paper addresses the creation of weave-based façade patterns by presenting a Generative System (GS) that aids architects that intend to use AD in the design of façades inspired on traditional weaving techniques. This GS proves to reduce the time and effort spent with the programming task, while supporting the exploration of a wider solution space. Moreover, in addition to enabling the integration of user-generated weaving patterns, the GS also provides rationalization algorithms to assess the construction feasibility of the obtained solutions.
keywords	Algorithmic Design, Façade Design, Weaving Patterns, Algorithmic Framework, Rationalization Processes
series	CAAD Futures
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:19

_id	cf2019_017
id	cf2019_017
authors	Cardoso Llach, Daniel and Javier Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo
year	2019
title	An Ecology of Conflicts Using Network Analytics to Explore the Data of Building Design
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 131
summary	The scale and socio-technical complexity of contemporary architectural production poses challenges to researchers and practitioners interested in their description and analysis. This paper discusses the novel use of network analysis techniques to study a dataset comprising thousands of design conflicts reported during design coordination of a large project by a group of architects using BIM software. We discuss in detail three approaches to the use of network analysis techniques on these data, showing their potential to offer topological insights about the phenomenon of contemporary architectural design and construction, which complement other forms of architectural analysis.
keywords	Architecture, Network Analysis, Design Ecology, BIM, Data Visualization
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	cf2019_016
id	cf2019_016
authors	Cardoso Llach, Daniel and Scott Donaldson
year	2019
title	An Experimental Archaeology of CAD Using Software Reconstruction to Explore the Past and Future of ComputerAided Design
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 130
summary	This paper proposes software reconstruction as a method to shed new light into the material, gestural, and sensual dimensions of computer-aided design technologies. Specifically, it shows how by combining historical research and creative prototyping this method can bring us closer to distant ways of seeing, touching, drawing, and designing—while raising new questions about the impact of CAD technologies on present-day architectural practices. It documents the development of two software reconstructions—of Ivan Sutherland’s “Sketchpad” and of Steven A. Coons’s “Coons Patch”—and reflects on the responses they elicited in the context of two exhibitions. The paper shows how software reconstruction can offer access to overlooked aspects of computer-aided design systems, specially their material and sensual dimensions, and how we may explore its broader potential for research, preservation, pedagogy, and speculative design of design technologies.
keywords	Software Reconstruction, Media Archaeology, CAD, Sketchpad, Steven A. Coons, Ivan Sutherland, Computational Design History
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	cf2019_006
id	cf2019_006
authors	Di Mascio, Danilo
year	2019
title	Visualizing Mackintosh’s alternative design proposal for Scotland Street School
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 25
summary	This paper describes the process of creation of a set of visualizations (elevations, perspective views and a short animation) of C.R. Mackintosh’s original but unrealized first design proposal for Scotland Street School (dated January 1904). Moreover, the piece of writing reflects upon some key aspects of the project such as how architectural historians were involved and how ambiguities due to the discrepancies between the drawings and missing details were resolved by studying multiple drawings and transferring clues from other Mackintosh’s built works. The contributions of this research are important for several reasons: it proposes a methodology that can be applied to similar research projects; it explains the educational value of the development work, which can be defined as digitally handcrafted, behind the visualisations; it contributes to studies of buildings designed by C.R. Mackintosh by using digital technologies that open up new insights to aspects still overlooked of his architectural production.
keywords	digital handcrafter, digital heritage, 3D digital reconstruction, visualisation, Charles Rennie Mackintosh
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	cf2019_060
id	cf2019_060
authors	Duarte, Jose and Mahyar Hadighi
year	2019
title	Bauhaus Internationalism to College Town Modernism: Exploring Bauhaus Culture in Hajjar’s Hybrid Architecture
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 501
summary	The purpose of this study is to analyze William Hajjar’s singlefamily houses in State College, PA, and compare them with the European modernist work of Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer in the United States. This analysis is performed using shape grammars as a computational design methodology. Hajjar was a member of the architecture faculty at the Pennsylvania State University, a practitioner in State College, and an influential figure in the history of architecture in the area. Shape grammars are used specifically to verify and describe the influences of Bauhaus/European modernism on Hajjar’s domestic architecture. The focus is on establishing Hajjar’s single-family architectural language and comparing it to the architectural language of Gropius (Gropius-Breuer partnership) as the founder of the Bauhaus architecture and a prominent practitioner in introducing European modernism to American architecture students in the mid-twentieth century like Hajjar.
keywords	Shape grammar, Modern architecture, Bauhaus modernism, William Hajjar, Walter Gropius
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cf2019_046
id	cf2019_046
authors	Garg, Akanksha ;and Halil Erhan
year	2019
title	Use of Data in Design Exploration: Design Analyzer
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 399-411
summary	This paper presents a system prototype that demonstrates and tests how visual analytics of parametric design data can become an integral workflow in design exploration. Parametric design process, as a complex creative exercise, can lead to generation of a large number of alternative solutions rapidly. The designers are then tasked with effectively finding the potential solutions among a torrent of design data. This task poses challenges like choice overload, which considerably affects the designer’s performance and design output. We hypothesize that the application of visual analytics to parametric design data can help alleviate the choice overload problem. In this paper, we use the term “Design Analytics” which primarily revolves around the application of visual analytics to parametric design data and we test this approach with the help of a low-fidelity prototype called “DANZ: Design Analyzer:”.
keywords	Parametric Data, Visual Analytics, Creativity Support Tool, Design Analytics, Data Visualization
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	cf2019_015
id	cf2019_015
authors	Ladron de Guevara, Manuel; Luis Ricardo Borunda and Ramesh Krishnamurti
year	2019
title	A Multi-Resolution Design Methodology Based on Discrete Models
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 129
summary	The use of programming languages in design opens up unexplored and previously unworkable territories, mainly, in conventional architectural practice. In the 1990s, languages of continuity, smoothness and seamlessness dominated the architectural inquiry with the CNC milling machine as its manufacturing tool. Today’s computational design and fabrication technology look at languages of synthesis of fragments or particles, with the 3D printer as its fabrication archetype. Fundamental to this idea is the concept of resolution– the amount of information stored at any localized region. Construction of a shape is then based on multiple regions of resolution. This paper explores a novel design methodology that takes this concept of resolutions on discrete elements as a design driver for architectural practice. This research has been tested primarily through additive manufacturing techniques.
keywords	Multi-Resolution Design Methodology; Discrete-Based Computational Design; Resolutions; Additive Manufacturing
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	cf2019_059
id	cf2019_059
authors	Ma, Lisha ; Xiaofang Yuan, Yu Wu and Wuzhen Zhu
year	2019
title	A National Pattern Generation Method Based on Cultural Design Genetic Derivation
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 500
summary	It is a great challenge to digitally generate emotionally satisfying patterns with national style characteristics to meet diversified consumer demands for national patterns. As the core of national culture’s gestation, growth and development, cultural genes can realize cultural inheritance and maintain national identity . From the view of design, the basic feature elements of cultural genes are extracted by original national pattern deconstruction and semantically summarized to form specific cultural design genes suitable for the rapid design of national pattern. Further, the topology principle and ComputerAided design is introduced to simultaneously generate pattern shapes using Self-Crossing and Cross-Crossing transformation by shape grammar. Then, the pattern elements are arranged according to the initial ethnic pattern composition rules to generate new series of ethnic patterns. Finally, Chinese Tibetan pattern is patterned as an example to demonstrate that this research can creates patterns faster and in line with the user's intent.
keywords	National pattern, Cultural design gene, Pattern deconstruction, Shape grammar, Computer-Aided design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cf2019_027
id	cf2019_027
authors	Ortner, Frederick Peter
year	2019
title	Design-Driven Data: Tactics for Designers in the Data-driven City
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 206-222
summary	How can parametric design best adapt to an increasingly data-rich context, the result of the last decade’s so-called ‘data explosion?’ The title design-driven data is a deliberate reversal of the increasingly popular formulation data-driven design, signaling our intent to prioritize human judgement over data in a purposeful, transparent design process. Recent critique of parametric and data-driven design as gratuitous and opaque motivate this research.
keywords	urban data, urban design, parametric design, design process, design thinking
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	cf2019_023
id	cf2019_023
authors	Papanikolaou, Dimitris
year	2019
title	Computing and Visualizing Taxi Cab Dynamics as Proxies for Autonomous Mobility on Demand Systems. The Case of the Chicago Taxi Cab System
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 171
summary	Despite the expansion of shared mobility-on-demand (MoD) systems as sustainable modes of urban transport, a growing debate among planners and urban scientists regarding what constitutes cost and how to compute it, divides opinions on the benefits that autonomous MoD systems may bring. We present a comprehensive definition of cost of traveling by MoD systems as the cost of the vehicle hours (VH), the vehicle-hours-traveled (VHT), the vehicle-hours-dispatched (VHD), and the vehicle-hours-parked (VHP) required to serve a pattern of trips. Next, we discuss an approach to estimate empty (dispatch) trips and idle periods from a user trip dataset. Finally, we model, compute, and visualize the relationship between the dynamics of VHP, VHT, and VHD using Chicago’s taxi cab system as a case. Our results show that the total fleet of taxis in Chicago can decrease by 51% if all trips, currently served by conventional taxis, were served by autonomous ones.
keywords	Mobility on Demand Systems, Taxi Cab Systems, Data-Driven Dynamic Modeling, Autonomous Vehicles, System Dynamics
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	cf2019_047
id	cf2019_047
authors	Schaumann, Davide ;Samuel S. Sohn, Muhammad Usman, Brandon Haworth, Petros Faloutsos and Mubbasir Kapadia
year	2019
title	Spatiotemporal Influence and Affordance Maps for Occupant Behavior Simulation
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 412-429
summary	Simulating the impact that built environments produce on human behavior prior to a building’s construction and occupancy is a complex task in architectural design. Current simulation approaches provide a limited representation of how dynamic spatial, social and environmental conditions affect the behavior of autonomous virtual occupants. We address this issue by means of influence maps – spatial representations of the influence that dynamic stimuli exert on an occupant at a specific time. To support an agent’s decisionmaking, we construct affordance maps that determine possible space-occupant interactions based on the combination of normalized influence maps, weighed by occupant preferences. We demonstrate the proposed approach by simulating the diverse spatial behaviors of virtual occupants in a social setting in response to dynamic stimuli.
keywords	Influence maps, Affordance maps, Spatial behavior Simulation, Building Occupancy, Multi-agent systems
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	cf2019_063
id	cf2019_063
authors	Stouffs, Rudi
year	2019
title	Shape rule types and spatial search
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 504
summary	Searching for spatial objects in CAD tools is mostly based on the ability to compare properties of different objects. Instead, the matching mechanism(s) underlying a shape grammar interpreter offers a much wider potential for search, including the emergence of shapes that were unanticipated at the point of specification. This paper provides an overview of different rule types that can be discerned in the context of shape grammars, and explores the impact these have on the ability for search. It specifically considers two alternative matching algorithms, either determining a transformation matrix or an association of graphical elements, the latter complemented with constraining predicates, applying over different data types, e.g., shapes, shapes augmented with attributes, and descriptions, to provide for a wide range of spatial search variations.
keywords	Spatial Search, Shape Rules, Description Rules, Rule Types
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cf2019_066
id	cf2019_066
authors	Zheng, Hao ; Zhe Guo and Yang Liang
year	2019
title	Iterative Pattern Design via Decodes Python Scripts in Grasshopper
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 526-537
summary	With the rapid development of parametric design, Grasshopper, as a visual programming tool for architects, has been widely used. However, although Grasshopper is powerful for data processing, there is a weakness that the data only flows linearly from the first component to the last component, which means it’s impossible to update the data iteratively by loop structure in native Grasshopper. So here, we introduce a Python based scripting plug-in Decodes, adding the function of loop construct into Grasshopper while integrating the basic graphical operations with faster mathematical matrix calculation. What’s more, in order to bring Decodes into play as far as possible, four iterative patterns are researched and designed through Decodes scripting, demonstrating the strength and necessity of loop construct. The patterns include iterative subdivision patterns (center tiling and pinwheel tiling) and iterative growing patterns (semi-regular tiling and swarm behavior). Also, the core parts of their codes are revealed and deciphered in this article.
keywords	Algorithmic design; Iterative pattern; Programming;
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cf2019_008
id	cf2019_008
authors	Han, Zhen; Ning Cao, Gang Liu and Wei Yan
year	2019
title	MOPSO for BIM: A Multi-Objective Optimization Tool Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm on a BIMbased Visual Programming Platform
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 39-51
summary	With the increasing applications of computational methods in the field of design optimization, intelligent metaheuristic algorithms are playing a more important role in building performance optimization. To enable the integration of optimization algorithms with Building Information Modeling (BIM), this research implemented the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm on Revit + Dynamo, which is a parametric BIM platform. A MultiObjective PSO (MOPSO) Solver has been developed in Dynamo using MATLAB and C# programming languages. The methodology of the research and the validation studies are presented in the paper. The validation studies prove the effectiveness of the MOPSO Solver for both standard optimization test functions and an optimization example of a simplified building design.
keywords	Particle Swarm Optimization, BIM, multi-objective optimization, visual programming
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	cf2019_062
id	cf2019_062
authors	Yousif, Shermeen ;and Wei Yan
year	2019
title	Shape Clustering Using K-Medoids in Architectural Form Finding
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 503
summary	As the number of design candidates in generative systems is often high, there is a need for an articulation mechanism that assists designers in exploring the generated design set. This research aims to condense the solution set yet enhance heterogeneity in generative design systems. Specifically, this work accomplishes the following: (1) introduces a new design articulation approach, a KMedoids Shape Clustering (KM-SC) method that is capable of grouping a dataset of shapes with similitude in one cluster and retrieving a representative for each cluster, and (2) incorporate the developed clustering method in architectural form finding. The articulated (condensed) set of shapes can be presented to designers to assist in their decision making. The research methods include formulating an algorithmic set with the implementation of K-Medoids and other algorithms. The results, visualized and discussed in the paper, show accurate clustering in comparison with the expected reference clustering sets.
keywords	Generative design systems, clustering, form finding, K-Medoids
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cf2019_049
id	cf2019_049
authors	Lu, Heng; Chen Liu, Daekwon Park, Guohua Ji and Ziyu Tong
year	2019
title	Pneumatic Origami Joints A 3D Printed Flexible Joint
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 432
summary	This paper describes the design and fabrication process of an adaptive joint using foldable 3D printed structures encased in heat-sealed synthetic polymer films (e.g. airtight plastic casing). The proposed joint can be pneumatically actuated using the airtight casing, and the shape of the deformation can be controlled using origami-inspired 3D printed structures. A zigzag-gap microstructure is designed for the connection portion of the origami structure inside the joint, in order that the rigid 3D printed material (PLA) acquires properties of mollusk material, such as flexibility and softness. Finally, the paper presents some applications adopting pneumatic origami joints which can interact with people or adapting indoor environment, and compares the advantages of this pneumatic technology with mechanical technology.
keywords	3D printing · Adaptive joint · Pneumatic architecture · Origami structure
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	caadria2019_452
id	caadria2019_452
authors	Choi, Minkyu, Yi, Taeha, Kim, Meereh and Lee, Ji-Hyun
year	2019
title	Land Price Prediction System Using Case-based Reasoning
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 767-774
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.767
summary	Real estate price prediction is very complex process. Big data and machine learning technology have been introduced in many research areas, and they are also making such an attempt in the real estate market. Although real estate price forecasting studies is actively conducted, using support vector machine, machine learning algorithm, AHP method, and so on, validity and accuracy are still not reliable.In this research, we propose a Case-Based Reasoning system using regression analysis to allocate weight of attributes. This proposed system can support to predict the real estate price based on collecting public data and easily update the knowledge about real estate. Since the result shows error rate less than 30% through the experiment, this algorithm gives better performance than previous one. By this research, it is possible for help decision-makers to expect the real estate price of interested area.
keywords	Artificial intelligence; Case-based reasoning; Land price prediction; Regression
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

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