Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	ecaade2024_222
id	ecaade2024_222
authors	Bindreiter, Stefan; Sisman, Yosun; Forster, Julia
year	2024
title	Visualise Energy Saving Potentials in Settlement Development: By linking transport and energy simulation models for municipal planning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.079
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 79–88
summary	To achieve Sustainable Development Goals, in addition to the switch to sustainable energy sources and energy-efficient buildings, transport offers a major lever for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gases. The increasing demand for emission-free mobility (e.g. through electromobility) but also heat pumps has a direct impact on the electricity consumption of buildings and settlements. It is still difficult to simulate the effects and interactions of different measures as sector coupling concepts require comprehensible tools for ex ante evaluation of planning measures at the community level and the linking of domain-specific models (energy, transport). Using the municipality of Bruck an der Leitha (Austria) as an example, a digital twin based on an open data model (Bednar et al., 2020) is created for the development of methods, which can be used to simulate measures to improve the settlement structure within the municipality. Forecast models for mobility (Schmaus, 2019; Ritz, 2019) and the building stock are developed or applied and linked via the open data model to be able to run through development scenarios and variants. The forecasting and visualisation options created in the project form the basis for the ex-ante evaluation of measures and policies on the way to a Positive-Energy-District. By identifying and collecting missing data, data gaps are filled for the simulation of precise models in the specific study area. A digital, interactive 3D model is created to examine the forecast results and the different scenarios.
keywords	visualisation, decision support, sector coupling, holistic spatial energy models for municipal planning, (energy) saving potentials in settlement development
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_613
id	ecaadesigradi2019_613
authors	Guedes, Ítalo and Andrade, Max
year	2019
title	Automatic Rule-Based Checking for the Approval of Building Architectural Designs of Airport Passenger Terminals based on BIM
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.333
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 333-338
summary	In Brazil, the evaluation processes of building architectural designs of Airports Passenger Terminal (PT) are carried out manually. It depends on the architects' knowledge, leading to possible errors. On the other hand, the rule checking in BIM-modeled building projects opens up new horizons for this type of activity. Based on Code Checking concepts, this paper presents a method for automating rule checking for building code in building architectural design of PT. Following the aspects of Design Science Research, it is developed in two stages: Construction (theoretical foundation, creating rule checking for the PT, implementation of the rules in BIM softwares for code checking and validation) and Evaluation of artefact. This paper shows a series of problems resulting from the evaluation of PT using traditional methods. It can be concluded that the use of rules for regulatory code checking with BIM allows standardization in the evaluation of architectural design of PT.
keywords	Code Checking; Passenger Terminal; Building Information Modeling; Rule checking
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2019_345
id	caadria2019_345
authors	Marschall, Max and Burry, Jane
year	2019
title	Can the Use of Stochastic Models of Occupants' Environmental Control Behavior Influence Architectural Design Outcomes? - How field data can influence design outcomes
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.715
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 715-724
summary	Thermal comfort research has shown that natural ventilation can reduce energy consumption while increasing comfort. However, giving occupants control over their environment introduces uncertainty into building performance which is challenging to emulate using current simulation techniques. Traditionally, window operation is modelled deterministically, for instance by assuming windows to be opened at a predefined temperature. Studies have shown this to be inaccurate, often causing large discrepancies between simulated and actual performance; instead, probabilistic models have emerged based on field study data. The literature on this topic is currently limited to building science and lacks an analysis of how these insights may affect architecture. In a design study, we used evolutionary computation to determine comfort-optimized housing designs for various climates, each time comparing the results of both window operation models. The resulting designs varied considerably; most notably, using the stochastic approach resulted in more shading elements, especially in warmer climates.
keywords	window operation model; stochastic; natural ventilation; thermal comfort; occupant behavior
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaade2024_92
id	ecaade2024_92
authors	Mayor Luque, Ricardo; Beguin, Nestor; Rizvi Riaz, Sheikh; Dias, Jessica; Pandey, Sneham
year	2024
title	Multi-material Gradient Additive Manufacturing: A data-driven performative design approach to multi-materiality through robotic fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.381
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 381–390
summary	Buildings are responsible for 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions, with operational activities contributing 28% and materials and construction accounting for 11%(World Green Building Council, 2019) It is therefore vital to reconsider our reliance on fossil fuels for building materials and to develop new advanced manufacturing techniques that enable an integrated approach to material-controlled conception and production. The emergence of Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MM-AM) technology represents a paradigm shift in producing elements with hybrid properties derived from novel and optimized solutions. Through robotic fabrication, MM-AM offers streamlined operations, reduced material usage, and innovative fabrication methods. It encompasses a plethora of methods to address diverse construction needs and integrates material gradients through data-driven analyses, challenging traditional prefabrication practices and emphasizing the current growth of machine learning algorithms in design processes. The research outlined in this paper presents an innovative approach to MM-AM gradient 3D printing through robotic fabrication, employing data-driven performative analyses enabling control over print paths for sustainable applications in both the AM industry and our built environment. The article highlights several designed prototypes from two distinct phases, demonstrating the framework's viability, implications, and constraints: a workshop dedicated to data-driven analyses in facade systems for MM-AM 3D-printed brick components, and a 3D-printed brick facade system utilizing two renewable and bio-materials—Cork sourced from recycled stoppers and Charcoal, with the potential for carbon sequestration.
keywords	Data-driven Performative design, Multi-material 3d Printing, Material Research, Fabrication-informed Material Design, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_464
id	ecaadesigradi2019_464
authors	Santiago, Pedro
year	2019
title	Evolutionary Optimization of Building Facade Form for Energy and Comfort in Urban Environment through BIM and Algorithmic Modeling - A case study in Porto, Portugal
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.153
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 153-160
summary	Consolidated urban areas usually present a challenge for the sustainable design decisions for the architect. The site, orientation and surrounding built environment compromise both passive and active systems, shortening the possible optimization measures available, leaving the designer with doubts as far as efficiency is concerned.BIM methodologies and visual programming languages have opened up a very wide range of design and analysis tools allowing the architect to make informed decisions based on data extracted from the models. Nonetheless it's optimization is through a slow process of trial and error, creating a significant limitation. This paper discusses the potentialities of the use of evolutionary algorithms to generate optimized solutions for facade solar orientation. A comparison between three different evolutionary algorithms aiming for solar radiation, inside average temperature allows to conclude the best result versus time consumed. Although under similar results the multi-objective EA represents the best compromise between time and final objective on the case study chosen for the paper. The interconnectivity in real time of BIM and algorithmic modeling softwares represents an advantage for time saving sustainable design decisions.
keywords	BIM; Evolutionary Optimization; Sustainable design
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ijac201917206
id	ijac201917206
authors	Ackerman, Aidan; Jonathan Cave, Chien-Yu Lin and Kyle Stillwell
year	2019
title	Computational modeling for climate change: Simulating and visualizing a resilient landscape architecture design approach
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 2, 125-147
summary	Coastlines are changing, wildfires are raging, cities are getting hotter, and spatial designers are charged with the task of designing to mitigate these unknowns. This research examines computational digital workflows to understand and alleviate the impacts of climate change on urban landscapes. The methodology includes two separate simulation and visualization workflows. The first workflow uses an animated particle fluid simulator in combination with geographic information systems data, Photoshop software, and three-dimensional modeling and animation software to simulate erosion and sedimentation patterns, coastal inundation, and sea level rise. The second workflow integrates building information modeling data, computational fluid dynamics simulators, and parameters from EnergyPlus and Landsat to produce typologies and strategies for mitigating urban heat island effects. The effectiveness of these workflows is demonstrated by inserting design prototypes into modeled environments to visualize their success or failure. The result of these efforts is a suite of workflows which have the potential to vastly improve the efficacy with which architects and landscape architects use existing data to address the urgency of climate change.
keywords	Modeling, simulation, environment, ecosystem, landscape, climate change, sea level rise, urban heat island
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	ecaade2021_203
id	ecaade2021_203
authors	Arora, Hardik, Bielski, Jessica, Eisenstadt, Viktor, Langenhan, Christoph, Ziegler, Christoph, Althoff, Klaus-Dieter and Dengel, Andreas
year	2021
title	Consistency Checker - An automatic constraint-based evaluator for housing spatial configurations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.351
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 351-358
summary	The gradual rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasing visibility among many research disciplines affected Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). Architectural deep learning (DL) approaches are being developed and published on a regular basis, such as retrieval (Sharma et al. 2017) or design style manipulation (Newton 2019; Silvestre et al. 2016). However, there seems to be no method to evaluate highly constrained spatial configurations for specific architectural domains (such as housing or office buildings) based on basic architectural principles and everyday practices. This paper introduces an automatic constraint-based consistency checker to evaluate the coherency of semantic spatial configurations of housing construction using a small set of design principles to evaluate our DL approaches. The consistency checker informs about the overall performance of a spatial configuration followed by whether it is open/closed and the constraints it didn't satisfy. This paper deals with the relation of spaces processed as mathematically formalized graphs contrary to existing model checking software like Solibri.
keywords	model checking, building information modeling, deep learning, data quality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_628
id	ecaadesigradi2019_628
authors	Borunda, Luis, Ladron de Guevara, Manuel and Anaya, Jesus
year	2019
title	Design Method for Optimized Infills in Additive Manufacturing Thermoplastic Components
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.493
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 493-502
summary	The following article extends and tests computational methodologies of design to consider Finite Element Analysis in the creation of optimized infill structures based on regular and semi-regular patterns that comply with the geometrical constraints of deposition. The Stress-Deformation relationship manifested in Finite Element Analysis is structured in order to influence the geometrical arrangement of the complex spatial infill. The research presents and discusses a program of performance informed infill design, and validates the generalizability of a method of internalizing and automating Finite Element Method (FEM) processing in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) workflows, and tests manufacturability of the methods through its ability to handle the FDM process constraints of FEM influenced intricate geometries.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing; Finite Element Analysis; Fused Deposition Modeling; 3D infill
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_328
id	caadria2019_328
authors	Boychenko, Kristina
year	2019
title	Agency of Interactive Space in Social Relationship
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.381
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 381-390
summary	Embedded computation allows built space to be intelligent and get smarter, becoming interactive and gaining agency with ability not to merely adapt to changing conditions, but to process information and react, observe and learn, communicate and make decisions. The paper investigates agency of interactive space based on interpretation of input data, like users' response to the spatial agency, data from environment or other actors, and ability to change its performance accordingly. The research is focused on the role of interactive space as an active participant in social relationship communicating with users, constantly changing and having its' attitude. The research is aimed at defining social role of interactive environments and explains how they interact with users, what qualities are enabled by interactive behaviour and how do they influence space perception, revealing the significance of bi-directional communication between society and smart spaces. Interactive space does not just providing location for activities and facility for lifestyle, but influences these activities. Users and interactive space constitute one social network being constantly aware of each other establishing bi-directional communication.
keywords	interactive architecture; computation; programmable; design; social
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_210
id	ecaadesigradi2019_210
authors	Castriotto, Caio, Giantini, Guilherme and Celani, Gabriela
year	2019
title	Biomimetic Reciprocal Frames - A design investigation on bird's nests and spatial structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.613
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 613-620
summary	Reciprocal Frame (RF) is a constructive system typically applied with timber, since it is composed by discrete elements with short dimensions. It allows the construction of large spans and complex geometries. This kind of structure has been addressed by recent research projects that aim to produce it using computational tools and digital fabrication techniques. Moreover, the enhancement of these technologies enabled the integration of simulations of biological processes into the design process as a way to obtain better and optimal results, which is known as Biomimetics. This paper describes the development of a spatial structure that combines the principles of RF and the assembly process of natural agents, such as birds, in a digital environment. The tools used for the generation of the structure were Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and different add-ons, such as Culebra, Kangaroo, Pufferfish and Weaverbird.
keywords	Biomimetics; Reciprocal Frame; Nexorade; Computational Design; Agent-Based System
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2019_657
id	caadria2019_657
authors	Chen, Zhewen, Zhang, Liming and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2019
title	Innovative Design Approach to Optimized Performance on Large-Scale Robotic 3D-Printed Spatial Structure
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.451
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 451-460
summary	This paper presents an innovative approach on designing large-scale spatial structure with automated robotic 3D-printing. The incipient design approach mainly focused on optimizing structural efficiency at an early design stage by transform the object into a discrete system, and the elements in this system contains unique structural parameters that corresponding to its topology results of stiffness distribution. Back in 2017, the design team already implemented this concept into an experimental project of Cloud Pavilion in Shanghai, China, and the 3D-printed spatial structure was partitioned into five zones represent different level of structure stiffness and filled with five kinds of unit toolpath accordingly. Through further research, an upgrade version, the project of Cloud Pavilion 2.0 is underway and will be completed in January 2019. A detailed description on innovative printing toolpath design in this project is conducted in this paper and explains how the toolpath shape effects its overall structural stiffness. This paper contributes knowledge on integrated design in the field of robotic 3D-printing and provides an alternative approach on robotic toolpath design combines with the optimized topological results.
keywords	3D-Printing; Robotic Fabrication; Structural Optimization; Discrete System; Toolpath Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2023_138
id	ecaade2023_138
authors	Crolla, Kristof and Wong, Nichol
year	2023
title	Catenary Wooden Roof Structures: Precedent knowledge for future algorithmic design and construction optimisation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.611
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 611–620
summary	The timber industry is expanding, including construction wood product applications such as glue-laminated wood products (R. Sikkema et al., 2023). To boost further utilisation of engineered wood products in architecture, further development and optimisation of related tectonic systems is required. Integration of digital design technologies in this endeavour presents opportunities for a more performative and spatially diverse architecture production, even in construction contexts typified by limited means and/or resources. This paper reports on historic precedent case study research that informs an ongoing larger study focussing on novel algorithmic methods for the design and production of lightweight, large-span, catenary glulam roof structures. Given their structural operation in full tension, catenary-based roof structures substantially reduce material needs when compared with those relying on straight beams (Wong and Crolla, 2019). Yet, the manufacture of their non-standard geometries typically requires costly bespoke hardware setups, having resulted in recent projects trending away from the more spatially engaging geometric experiments of the second half of the 20th century. The study hypothesis that the evolutionary design optimisation of this tectonic system has the potential to re-open and expand its practically available design solution space. This paper covers the review of a range of built projects employing catenary glulam roof system, starting from seminal historic precedents like the Festival Hall for the Swiss National Exhibition EXPO 1964 (A. Lozeron, Swiss, 1964) and the Wilkhahn Pavilions (Frei Otto, Germany, 1987), to contemporary examples, including the Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre (HCMA Architecture + Design, Canada, 2016). It analysis their structural concept, geometric and spatial complexity, fabrication and assembly protocols, applied construction detailing solutions, and more, with as aim to identify methods, tools, techniques, and construction details that can be taken forward in future research aimed at minimising construction complexity. Findings from this precedent study form the basis for the evolutionary-algorithmic design and construction method development that is part of the larger study. By expanding the tectonic system’s practically applicable architecture design solution space and facilitating architects’ access to a low-tech producible, spatially versatile, lightweight, eco-friendly, wooden roof structure typology, this study contributes to environmentally sustainable building.
keywords	Precedent Studies, Light-weight architecture, Timber shell, Catenary, Algorithmic Optimisation, Glue-laminated timber
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	cf2019_002
id	cf2019_002
authors	De Luca, Francesco
year	2019
title	Environmental Performance-Driven Urban Design Parametric Design Method for the Integration of Daylight and Urban Comfort Analysis in Cold Climates
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 21
summary	Shape of built environment and image of cities are significantly influenced by environmental factors such as access to natural light, air temperature and wind. Adequate quantity of daylight in building interiors is important for occupant wellbeing and energy saving. In Estonia minimum quantity of daylight is required by building standards. Wind speed increased by urban environment at northern latitudes can significantly reduce pedestrian perceived temperature during winter inducing strong cold stress. This paper presents a method for the integration of parametric modeling and environmental simulations to analyze interiors and exteriors comfort of tower building cluster variations in different urban areas in Tallinn. Optimal pattern characteristics such as buildings distance and alignment favoring improvement of interiors daylight and decrease of pedestrian cold stress are presented and discussed.
keywords	Daylight, Urban Comfort, Environmental Analysis, PerformanceDriven Urban Design, Parametric Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	cf2019_056
id	cf2019_056
authors	Erdine, Elif ; Asli Aydin, Cemal Koray Bingol, Gamze Gunduz, Alvaro Lopez Rodriguez and Milad Showkatbakhsh
year	2019
title	Robot-Aided Fabrication of Materially Efficient Complex Concrete Assemblies
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 454-472
summary	This paper presents a novel approach for the materially efficient production of doubly-curved Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) form-work for insitu concrete construction and a novel application of a patented Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC) technology. Research objectives focus on the development of complex form-work generation and concrete application via advanced computational and robotic methods. While it is viable to produce form-work with complex geometries with advanced digital and robotic fabrication tools, a key consideration area is the reduction of form-work waste material. The research agenda explores methods of associating architectural, spatial, and structural criteria with a material-informed holistic approach. The digital and physical investigations are founded on Robotic Hot-Wire Cutting (RHWC). The geometrical and physical principles of RHWC are transformed into design inputs, whereby digital and physical tests inform each other simultaneously. Correlations are set between form-work waste optimization with the geometrical freedom and constraints of hot-wire cutting via computational methods.
keywords	Robotic fabrication, Robotic hot-wire cutting (RHWC), Glassreinforced concrete (GRC), Waste optimization, EPS form-work
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	cf2019_014
id	cf2019_014
authors	Ferrando, Cecilia; Niccolo Dalmasso, Jiawei Mai, Daniel Cardoso Llach
year	2019
title	Architectural Distant Reading Using Machine Learning to Identify Typological Traits Across Multiple Buildings
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 114-127
summary	This paper introduces an approach to architectural “distant reading”: the use of computational methods to analyze architectural data in order to derive spatial insights from—and explore new questions concerning—large collections of architectural work. Through a case study comprising a dataset of religious buildings, we show how we may use machine learning techniques to identify typological and functional traits from building plans. We find that spatial structure, rather than local features, is particularly effective in supporting this type of analysis. Further, we speculate on the potential of this computational method to enrich architectural design, research, and criticism by, for example, enabling new ways of thinking about architectural concepts such as typology in ways that reflect gradual variations, rather than sharp distinctions.
keywords	Architectural Analytics, Machine Learning, Classification, Religious buildings, Space Syntax
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	acadia19_90
id	acadia19_90
authors	Forward, Kristen; Taron, Joshua
year	2019
title	Waste Ornament
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.090
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 90-99
summary	The emergence of computational design and fabrication tools has escalated the potentials of architectural ornamentation to become innovative, beautiful, and highly sustainable. Historically, ornament has been known to express character and reveal relationships between materiality, technological advances, and societal evolution. But ornament rapidly declined in the late 1800s in large part due to mechanization and modernist ideals of uniform, unadorned façade components. However, ornamentation in architecture has recently reappeared—a development that can be linked closely to advancements in computational design and digital fabrication. While these advancements offer the ability to create expressive architecture, their potential contribution to the improvement of sustainable architecture has largely been overlooked (Augusti-Juan and Habert 2017). This paper provides a brief revisitation to the history of ornament and investigates the impact of computation and automation on the production of contemporary ornament. The paper also attempts to catalog examples of how designers have used computational technologies to address the growing criticality of environmental concerns. Moreover, the paper presents the Waste Ornament project, a research platform that critically examines how we can leverage technology to augment the visual and sustainable performance of facade ornamentation to reduce energy use in buildings. Three sub-projects are identified as territories for further research into sustainable ornamentation, ranging from material sourcing, to high-performance buildings, to the development of a systematic upcycling process that transforms old facades into new ones. While the examples are not exhaustive, they attempt to interlace the general ideas of waste and ornament by addressing particular issues that converge at building envelopes.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_065
id	ecaadesigradi2019_065
authors	Fukuda, Tomohiro, Novak, Marcos and Fujii, Hiroyuki
year	2019
title	Development of Segmentation-Rendering on Virtual Reality for Training Deep-learning, Simulating Landscapes and Advanced User Experience
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.433
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 433-440
summary	Virtual reality (VR) has been suggested for various purposes in the field of architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC). This research explores new roles for VR toward the super-smart society in the near future. In particular, we propose to develop post-processing rendering, segmentation-rendering and shadow-casting rendering algorithms for novel VR expressions to enable more versatile approaches than the normal photorealistic red, green, and blue (RGB) expressions. We succeeded in applying a wide variety of VR renderings in urban-design projects after implementation. The developed system can create images in real time to train deep-learning algorithms, can also be applied to landscape analysis and contribute to advanced user experience.
keywords	Super-smart society; Virtual Reality; Segmentation; Deep-learning; Landscape simulation; Shader
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_176
id	ecaadesigradi2019_176
authors	Giantini, Guilherme, Negris de Souza, Larissa, Turczyn, Daniel and Celani, Gabriela
year	2019
title	Environmental Ceramics - Merging the digital and the physical in the design of a performance -based facade system
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.749
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 749-758
summary	Environmental comfort and space occupancy are essential considerations in architectural design process. Façade systems deeply impact both aspects but are usually standardized. However, performance-based facade systems tackle these issues through computational design to devise non-homogeneous elements. This work proposes a ceramic facade system designed according to a performance-based process grounded on environmental analysis and parametric design to allow adaptation and geometric variation according to specific building demands on environmental comfort and functionality. In this process, the Design Science Research method guided the exploration of both design and evaluation, bridging the gap between theory and practice. Positive facade environmental performance were found from digital and physical models assessment in terms of radiation, illuminance, dampness (with ventilation) and temperature. Computational processes minimized radiation inside the building while maximized illuminance. Their association influenced on operative temperature, which dropped according to local dampness and material absorption. Accordingly, this design process associates not only environmental comfort and functionality concepts but also adaptability, flexibility, mass customization, personal fabrication, additive manufacturing concepts, being an example architectural design changes in the 4th Industrial Revolution.
keywords	sustainable design; facade system; computational design; environmental analysis; evolutionary algorithm
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_153
id	ecaadesigradi2019_153
authors	Gomez-Zamora, Paula, Bafna, Sonit, Zimring, Craig, Do, Ellen and Romero Vega, Mario
year	2019
title	Spatiotemporal Occupancy for Building Analytics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.111
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 111-120
summary	Numerous studies on Space Syntax and Evidence-based Design explored occupancy and movements in the built environment using traditional methods for behavior mapping, such as observation and surveys. This approach, however, has majorly focused on studying such behaviors as aggregated results -totals or averages- to corroborate the idea that people's interactions are outcomes of the influence of space. The research presented in this paper focuses on capturing human occupancy with a high spatiotemporal data resolution of 1 sq.ft per second (0.1 sq.mt./s). This research adapts computer vision to obtain large occupancy datasets in a hospitalization setting for one week, providing opportunities to explore correlations among spatial configurations, architectural programs, organizational activities planned and unplanned, and time. The vision is to develop new analytics for building occupancy dynamics, with the purpose of endorsing the integration of a temporal dimension into architectural research. This study introduces the "Isovist-minute"; a metric that captures the relationship between space and occupancy, towards a point of interest, in a dynamic sequence.
keywords	Spatiotemporal Occupancy; Occupancy Analytics; Occupancy Patterns; Building-Organizational Performance; Healthcare Settings
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

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