Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	cf2019_032
id	cf2019_032
authors	Khean, Nariddh; Alessandra Fabbri, David Gerber and M. Hank Haeusler
year	2019
title	Examining Potential Socio-economic Factors that Aﬀect Machine Learning Research in the AEC Industry
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 254
summary	Machine learning (ML) has increasingly dominated discussions about the shape of mankind’s future, permeating almost all facets of our digital, and even physical, world. Yet, contrary to the relentless march of almost all other industries, the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry have lagged behind in the uptake of ML for its own challenges. Through a systematic review of ML projects from a leading global engineering ﬁrm, this paper investigates social, political, economic, and cultural (SPEC) factors that have helped or hindered ML’s uptake. Further, the paper discusses how ML is perceived at various points in the economic hierarchy, how eﬀective forms of communication is vital in a highly-specialized workforce, and how ML’s unexpected eﬀectiveness have forced policy makers to reassess data governance and privacy; all the while considering what this means for the adoption of ML in the AEC industry. This investigation, its methodology, background research, systematic review, and its conclusion are presented.
keywords	Machine learning · Artiﬁcial intelligence · Research and development · Architecture, engineering, and construction industry · Social factors · Political factors · Economic factors · Cultural factors
series	CAAD Futures
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:17

_id	cf2019_012
id	cf2019_012
authors	Su, Zhouzhou
year	2019
title	Optimizing Spatial Adjacency in Hospital Master Planning
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 101
summary	Hospitals are one of the most complex building types. Each is comprised of a wide range of service areas and functional spaces. Spatial relationships comprise one of the most critical design criteria, to be considered early-on in the master planning stage. Proper adjacency contributes to shorter travel distances, better wayfinding, improved patient care, higher satisfaction, and reduced overall cost. However, there is a lack of research on the automatic generation of design solutions that can be applied to real-world hospital master planning projects. Moreover, given the complexity of hospital design, an optimization tool is needed that is capable of evaluating both machine- and human-generated solutions. This study proposes a rating system for evaluating existing plans and proposed designs in hospital master planning, and explores optimal design solutions through rapid computational simulations. The first stage of this work presents interviews with senior professionals in the industry to explore best practices regarding spatial relationships in hospital planning. The second stage describes an automatic analysis tool for ranking the design options generated by healthcare planners and examining optimal design solutions that feature the best spatial adjacencies. This tool was employed in a recent master planning project with over fifty programming spaces, in order to test its validity.
keywords	Optimization, Spatial Adjacency, Hospital Master Planning
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	acadia19_630
id	acadia19_630
authors	Ahlquist, Sean
year	2019
title	Expanding the Systematic Agencyof a Material System
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 630-641
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.630
summary	Computational design and fabrication have reached an accomplished level of ubiquity and proficiency in the field of architecture, in both academia and practice. Materiality driving structure, responsiveness, and spatial organization can be seen to evolve, in kind, with the capabilities to fabricate deeper material hierarchies. Such maturity of a procedural material-driven approach spurs a need to shift from the dictations of how to explorations of why material efficiencies, bespoke aesthetics, and performativity are critical to a particular architecture, requiring an examination of linkages between approach, techniques, and process. The material system defines a branch of architectural research utilizing bespoke computational techniques to generate performative material capacities that are inextricably linked to both internal and external forces and energies. This paper examines such a self-referential view to define an expanded ecological approach that integrates new modes of design agency and shift the material system from closed-loop relationship with site to open-ended reciprocation with human behavior. The critical need for this capacity is shown in applications of novel textile hybrid material systems—as sensorially-responsive environments for children with the neurological autism spectrum disorder—in ongoing research titled Social Sensory Architectures. Through engaging fabrication across all material scales, manners of elastic responsivity are shown, through a series of feasibility studies, to exhibit a capacity for children to become design agents in exploring the beneficial interrelationship of sensorimotor agency and social behavior. The paper intends to contribute a theoretical approach by which novel structural capacities of a material system can support a larger ecology of social and behavioral agency.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia19_674
id	acadia19_674
authors	Farahi, Benhaz
year	2019
title	IRIDESCENCE: Bio-Inspired Emotive Matter
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.674-683
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.674
summary	The Hummingbird is an amazing creature. The male Anna’s Hummingbird changes color from dark green to iridescence pink in his spectacular courtship. Can we exploit this phenomenon to produce color and shape changing material systems for the future of design? This paper describes the design process behind the interactive installation, Iridescence, through the logic of two interconnected themes, ‘morphology’ and ‘behavior’. Inspired by the gorget of the Anna’s hummingbird, this 3D printed collar is equipped with a facial tracking camera and an array of 200 rotating quills. The custom-made actuators flip their colors and start to make patterns, in response to the movement of onlookers and their facial expressions. The paper addresses how wearables can become a vehicle for self-expression, capable of influencing social interaction and enhancing one’s sensory experience of the world. Through the lens of this project, the paper proposes ‘bio-inspired emotive matter’ as an interdisciplinary design approach at the intersection of Affective Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Ethology, which can be applied in many design fields. The paper argues that bio-inspired material systems should be used not just for formal or performative reasons, but also as an interface for human emotions to address psycho-social issues.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia19_234
id	acadia19_234
authors	Grewal, Neil; Escallon, Miguel; Chaudhary, Abhinav; Hramyka, Alina
year	2019
title	INFRASONIC
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 234-245
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.234
summary	In 2015, an earthquake of 7.8 magnitude displaced over 6.6 million people in Kathmandu, Nepal. Three years later, the country continues in its struggle to rebuild its capital. The aim of this study is to investigate a construction system, produced from locally sourced materials, that can aggregate and deploy as self-built, habitable infrastructure. The study focused on the relationship between material resonance, earthquake resistant structures, and fabrication strategies. An agent-based form-finding algorithm was developed using knowledge acquired through physical prototyping of mycelium-based composites to generate earthquake resistant geometries, optimize material usage, and enhance spatial performance. The results show compelling evidence for a construction methodology to design and construct a 3-4 story building that holds a higher degree of resistance to earthquakes. The scope of work contributes to advancements in bioengineering, confirming easy-to-grow, light-weight mycelium-composites as viable structural materials for construction.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia20_382
id	acadia20_382
authors	Hosmer, Tyson; Tigas, Panagiotis; Reeves, David; He, Ziming
year	2020
title	Spatial Assembly with Self-Play Reinforcement Learning
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 382-393.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.382
summary	We present a framework to generate intelligent spatial assemblies from sets of digitally encoded spatial parts designed by the architect with embedded principles of prefabrication, assembly awareness, and reconfigurability. The methodology includes a bespoke constraint-solving algorithm for autonomously assembling 3D geometries into larger spatial compositions for the built environment. A series of graph-based analysis methods are applied to each assembly to extract performance metrics related to architectural space-making goals, including structural stability, material density, spatial segmentation, connectivity, and spatial distribution. Together with the constraint-based assembly algorithm and analysis methods, we have integrated a novel application of deep reinforcement (RL) learning for training the models to improve at matching the multiperformance goals established by the user through self-play. RL is applied to improve the selection and sequencing of parts while considering local and global objectives. The user’s design intent is embedded through the design of partial units of 3D space with embedded fabrication principles and their relational constraints over how they connect to each other and the quantifiable goals to drive the distribution of effective features. The methodology has been developed over three years through three case study projects called ArchiGo (2017–2018), NoMAS (2018–2019), and IRSILA (2019-2020). Each demonstrates the potential for buildings with reconfigurable and adaptive life cycles.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	cf2019_048
id	cf2019_048
authors	Argota Sanchez-Vaquerizo, Javier and Daniel Cardoso Llach
year	2019
title	The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces 2.0 Three Experiments in Computational Urban Studies
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 430
summary	This paper introduces a novel framework for urban analysis that leverages computational techniques, along with established urban research methods, to study how people use urban public space. Through three case studies in different urban locations in Europe and the US, it demonstrates how recent machine learning and computer vision techniques may assist us in producing unprecedently detailed portraits of the relative influence of urban and environmental variables on people’s use of public space. The paper further discusses the potential of this framework to enable empirically-enriched forms of urban and social analysis with applications in urban planning, design, research, and policy.
keywords	Data Analytics, Urban Design, Machine Learning, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Space Syntax
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_353
id	ecaadesigradi2019_353
authors	Gönenç Sorguç, Arzu, Kruºa Yemiºcio?lu, Müge and Özgenel, Ça?lar F?rat
year	2019
title	A Computational Design Workshop Experience for 21st Century Architecture Education
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 127-136
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.127
summary	With the rapid increase in the accessible data, available information surpasses one's ability to extract knowledge from, which puts a great emphasis on the skills of the individual to reach and use relevant information, adapt to changing conditions and sustain respective skills. ICT skills, critical thinking skills, and communication/collaboration skills emerge as the survival skills and key factors for individuals to cope with the demands of the 21st-century. It is known that educational institutions have struggles in changing the curricula/teaching system in coping with the requirements of the rapidly evolving industry. Thus, workshops gained more importance in different levels which are a part of curricular or extracurricular activities to re-furnish existing skills or gain new skills. In the scope of this study, the learning and teaching approaches based on STEAM approach are assessed through a three-day workshop aiming to illustrate how these survival skills can be conveyed and embedded into the architecture education. The workshop is designed to be inclusive for all architecture students regardless of their level of education or background knowledge/skills. Within the scope of this paper, the conduction strategies of the workshop are covered in detail to highlight the importance of these survival skills along with the modes of teaching and share the best practices and gained knowledge for future works.
keywords	Computational Design Workshop; Architectural Education Strategies; Survival Skills
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_357
id	ecaadesigradi2019_357
authors	Gönenç Sorguç, Arzu, Özgenel, Ça?lar F?rat, Kruºa Yemiºcio?lu, Müge, Küçüksubaº?, Fatih, Y?ld?r?m, Soner, Antonini, Ernesto, Bartolomei, Luigi, Ovesen, Nis and Stein?, Nicolai
year	2019
title	STEAM Approach for Architecture Education
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 137-146
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.137
summary	Starting with the first founded university, higher education has been evolving continuously, yet the pace of this evolution is not as fast as the changes that we observe in practice. Today, this discrepancy is not only limited to the content of the curricula but also the expected skills and competencies. It is evident that 21st-century skills and competencies should be much different than the ones delivered in the 20th-century due to rapidly developing and spreading new design and information technologies. Each and every discipline has been in continuous search of the "right" way of formalization of education both content and skill wise. This paper focuses on architectural design education incorporating discussions on the role of STEAM (Science Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics). The study presents the outcomes of the ArchiSTEAM project, which is funded by EU Erasmus+ Programme, with the aim of re-positioning STEAM in architectural design education by contemplating 21st-century skills (a.k.a. survival skills) of architects. Three educational modules together with the andragogic approaches, learning objectives, contents, learning/teaching activities and assessment methods determined with respect to the skill sets defined for 21st-century architects.
keywords	STEAM; Architectural Education; Survival Skills
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_173
id	ecaadesigradi2019_173
authors	Matthias, Kulcke and Martens, Bob
year	2019
title	Digital Empowerment for the "Experimental Bureau" - Work Based Learning in Architectural Education
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 117-126
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.117
summary	This paper describes the concept of the "Experimental Bureau" as a didactic environment aiming to deal with real-life design tasks within the framework of architectural education. Its main focus lies on the specific opportunities for digital empowerment of students who learn about the design process - sometimes even in the role of contractors - in real-life oriented project work. Thus the following questions come under scrutiny and discussion from an angle of work based learning: What kind of design problems are tackled in a meaningful way by students through the utilization of a digital strategy? What kind of software (or software mix) is chosen and what problems are addressed by the choice and handling of these digital tools? These questions are answered in a different way applying the format of the Experimental Bureau, driven by its real-life projects and client communication, in comparison to largely artificial tasks confined to the academic realm.
keywords	design education; real-life case study; stakeholder communication; real-world experience; didactic approach
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaade2024_92
id	ecaade2024_92
authors	Mayor Luque, Ricardo; Beguin, Nestor; Rizvi Riaz, Sheikh; Dias, Jessica; Pandey, Sneham
year	2024
title	Multi-material Gradient Additive Manufacturing: A data-driven performative design approach to multi-materiality through robotic fabrication
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 381–390
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.381
summary	Buildings are responsible for 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions, with operational activities contributing 28% and materials and construction accounting for 11%(World Green Building Council, 2019) It is therefore vital to reconsider our reliance on fossil fuels for building materials and to develop new advanced manufacturing techniques that enable an integrated approach to material-controlled conception and production. The emergence of Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MM-AM) technology represents a paradigm shift in producing elements with hybrid properties derived from novel and optimized solutions. Through robotic fabrication, MM-AM offers streamlined operations, reduced material usage, and innovative fabrication methods. It encompasses a plethora of methods to address diverse construction needs and integrates material gradients through data-driven analyses, challenging traditional prefabrication practices and emphasizing the current growth of machine learning algorithms in design processes. The research outlined in this paper presents an innovative approach to MM-AM gradient 3D printing through robotic fabrication, employing data-driven performative analyses enabling control over print paths for sustainable applications in both the AM industry and our built environment. The article highlights several designed prototypes from two distinct phases, demonstrating the framework's viability, implications, and constraints: a workshop dedicated to data-driven analyses in facade systems for MM-AM 3D-printed brick components, and a 3D-printed brick facade system utilizing two renewable and bio-materials—Cork sourced from recycled stoppers and Charcoal, with the potential for carbon sequestration.
keywords	Data-driven Performative design, Multi-material 3d Printing, Material Research, Fabrication-informed Material Design, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_462
id	ecaadesigradi2019_462
authors	Perelli Soto, Bruno and Soza Ruiz, Pedro
year	2019
title	CoDesign Spaces - Experiences of EBD research at an industrial design makerspace
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 417-422
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.417
summary	During the last years, insertion of technology accelerates its incursion both in the design process and in the teaching-learning process. Design education has gone through different visions: Some hold the vision of education in design with a look at professional training. Others, have chosen to study the roots and problems of the training process, the ultimate goal is to generate experts in future designers. An element that - consistently - is often absent from such discussions is the role played by prototypes in the teaching-learning process. This research reviews the role that the prototype has played, as a central element, in the process of collecting evidence, with a view to informing the decision making during the development of Project Design. The paper discusses the role that prototypes - from the standpoint of CoDesign, Evidence Design, and evolutionary design - have played in the teaching experiences of the last four semesters within a Computer Lab for students of Industrial Design. The systematization of information extracted from the research experiences has evolved from the Lab model to the Maker-space experience.
keywords	Prototype; FSB Framework; Makerspace; Industrial Design
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	acadia21_76
id	acadia21_76
authors	Smith, Rebecca
year	2021
title	Passive Listening and Evidence Collection
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 76-81.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.076
summary	In this paper, I present the commercial, urban-scale gunshot detection system ShotSpotter in contrast with a range of ecological sensing examples which monitor animal vocalizations. Gunshot detection sensors are used to alert law enforcement that a gunshot has occurred and to collect evidence. They are intertwined with processes of criminalization, in which the individual, rather than the collective, is targeted for punishment. Ecological sensors are used as a “passive” practice of information gathering which seeks to understand the health of a given ecosystem through monitoring population demographics, and to document the collective harms of anthropogenic change (Stowell and Sueur 2020). In both examples, the ability of sensing infrastructures to “join up and speed up” (Gabrys 2019, 1) is increasing with the use of machine learning to identify patterns and objects: a new form of expertise through which the differential agendas of these systems are implemented and made visible. I trace the differential agendas of these systems as they manifest through varied components: the spatial distribution of hardware in the existing urban environment and / or landscape; the software and other informational processes that organize and translate the data; the visualization of acoustical sensing data; the commercial factors surrounding the production of material components; and the apps, platforms, and other forms of media through which information is made available to different stakeholders. I take an interpretive and qualitative approach to the analysis of these systems as cultural artifacts (Winner 1980), to demonstrate how the political and social stakes of the technology are embedded throughout them.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2023_259
id	ecaade2023_259
authors	Sonne-Frederiksen, Povl Filip, Larsen, Niels Martin and Buthke, Jan
year	2023
title	Point Cloud Segmentation for Building Reuse - Construction of digital twins in early phase building reuse projects
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 327–336
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.327
summary	Point cloud processing has come a long way in the past years. Advances in computer vision (CV) and machine learning (ML) have enabled its automated recognition and processing. However, few of those developments have made it through to the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry. Here, optimizing those workflows can reduce time spent on early-phase projects, which otherwise could be spent on developing innovative design solutions. Simplifying the processing of building point cloud scans makes it more accessible and therefore, usable for design, planning and decision-making. Furthermore, automated processing can also ensure that point clouds are processed consistently and accurately, reducing the potential for human error. This work is part of a larger effort to optimize early-phase design processes to promote the reuse of vacant buildings. It focuses on technical solutions to automate the reconstruction of point clouds into a digital twin as a simplified solid 3D element model. In this paper, various ML approaches, among others KPConv Thomas et al. (2019), ShapeConv Cao et al. (2021) and Mask-RCNN He et al. (2017), are compared in their ability to apply semantic as well as instance segmentation to point clouds. Further it relies on the S3DIS Armeni et al. (2017), NYU v2 Silberman et al. (2012) and Matterport Ramakrishnan et al. (2021) data sets for training. Here, the authors aim to establish a workflow that reduces the effort for users to process their point clouds and obtain object-based models. The findings of this research show that although pure point cloud-based ML models enable a greater degree of flexibility, they incur a high computational cost. We found, that using RGB-D images for classifications and segmentation simplifies the complexity of the ML model but leads to additional requirements for the data set. These can be mitigated in the initial process of capturing the building or by extracting the depth data from the point cloud.
keywords	Point Clouds, Machine Learning, Segmentation, Reuse, Digital Twins
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	cf2019_036
id	cf2019_036
authors	Schwartz, Mathew
year	2019
title	Visualization of Occupant Behavior in an Open Academic Space through Image Analysis
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 272
summary	Between agent simulation and circulation diagrams within design pedagogy, the prediction of occupant movement in space is integral to the informed design process. At the same time, trends in higher education have led to more open-ended spaces that are then studied for the unexpected ways in which students collaborate. These studies, by the unpredictable nature, must be done post-occupancy. In this paper, occupant behavior is visualized from an image dataset over a 9 day period in an open student environment. The methods for extracting behavior through this large dataset are presented. The results are then re?ected on in regard to the role of circulation diagrams for interior design and spatial planning.
keywords	occupant behavior, circulation, computation, post-occupancy evaluation, interior design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	cf2019_033
id	cf2019_033
authors	Soltani, Sahar; Ning Gu, Jorge Ochoa Paniagua, Alpana Sivam and Tim McGinley
year	2019
title	Investigating the Social Impacts of Highdensity Neighbourhoods through Spatial Analysis
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 255
summary	Studies argue that higher density areas incur social problems such as lack of safety [1], while other studies provide evidence for the positive impact of high-density urban areas, for instance opportunities for social interactions and equal form of accessibility [2]. This paper argues that design factors can mediate the impacts of density on social aspects. Therefore, this study explores the extent to which design factors can be correlated to the social outcomes of different density areas. To do this, data from an empirical study conducted in the UK, which identified the relationship between density and social sustainability through cases of fifteen neighbourhoods, have been utilised. This paper has conducted further analysis based on these cases using a mixed method with spatial analysis tools. Outcomes show that some of the social results in the UK study such as safety are correlated with spatial factors like normalised angular choice. Moreover, the regression model created from the spatial indices can be used to predict the overall social sustainability index reported by the UK study.
keywords	Urban Density, Social Sustainability, Spatial Analysis, Space Syntax, Urban Network Analysis
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_116
id	ecaadesigradi2019_116
authors	Fernando, Shayani
year	2019
title	Collaborative Crafting of Interlocking Structures in Stereotomic Practice
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 183-190
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.183
summary	Situated within the art of cutting solids (stereotomy) and the evolution of machine tools; this research will investigate subtractive fabrication in relation to robotic carving of stone structures. The advancement of the industrial revolutions in the mid to late 19th century saw the rise of new building techniques and materials which were primarily based on structural steel construction. The modern aesthetic of the time further diminished the place of traditional stonework and ornamentation in modern structures within the building arts. This paper will focus on the design and fabrication of three sculptural dry-stone modular prototypes investigating interlocking self-supporting structures in stone. Examining the value of robotic technologies in the design and construction process in relation to collaborative crafting of the hand and machine. Accommodating for material tolerances which are a major factor in this research. Interrogating the value of robotic crafting with material implications and exploring the role of the artisan in machine crafted architectural components.
keywords	Collaborative; Crafting; Interlocking; Structures; Robotic Fabrication; Digital Stone
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ijac201917105
id	ijac201917105
authors	Agkathidis, Asterios; Yorgos Berdos and André Brown
year	2019
title	Active membranes: 3D printing of elastic fibre patterns on pre-stretched textiles
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 1, 74-87
summary	There has been a steady growth, over several decades, in the deployment of fabrics in architectural applications; both in terms of quantity and variety of application. More recently, three-dimensional printing and additive manufacturing have added to the palette of technologies that designers in architecture and related disciplines can call upon. Here, we report on research that brings those two technologies together – the development of active membrane elements and structures. We show how these active membranes have been achieved by laminating three-dimensional printed elasto-plastic fibres onto pre-stretched textile membranes. We report on a set of experimentations involving one-, two- and multi-directional geometric arrangements that take TPU 95 and polypropylene filaments and apply them to Lycra textile sheets, to form active composite panels. The process involves a parameterised design, actualised through a fabrication process including stress-line simulation, fibre pattern three-dimensional printing and the lamination of embossed patterns onto a pre-stretched membrane; followed by the release of tension afterwards in order to allow controlled, self-generation of the final geometry. Our findings document the investigation into mapping between the initial two-dimensional geometries and their resulting three-dimensional doubly curved forms. We also reflect on the products of the resulting, partly serendipitous, design process.
keywords	Digital fabrication, three-dimensional printing, parametric design, material computation, fabrics
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_605
id	ecaadesigradi2019_605
authors	Andrade Zandavali, Bárbara and Jiménez García, Manuel
year	2019
title	Automated Brick Pattern Generator for Robotic Assembly using Machine Learning and Images
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 217-226
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.217
summary	Brickwork is the oldest construction method still in use. Digital technologies, in turn, enabled new methods of representation and automation for bricklaying. While automation explored different approaches, representation was limited to declarative methods, as parametric filling algorithms. Alternatively, this work proposes a framework for automated brickwork using a machine learning model based on image-to-image translation (Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks). The framework consists of creating a dataset, training a model for each bond, and converting the output images into vectorial data for robotic assembly. Criteria such as: reaching wall boundary accuracy, avoidance of unsupported bricks, and brick's position accuracy were individually evaluated for each bond. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework fulfils boundary filling and respects overall bonding structural rules. Size accuracy demonstrated inferior performance for the scale tested. The association of this method with 'self-calibrating' robots could overcome this problem and be easily implemented for on-site.
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia19_642
id	acadia19_642
authors	Chua, Pamela Dychengbeng; Hui, Lee Fu
year	2019
title	Compliant Laminar Assemblies
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 642-653
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.642
summary	This paper presents an innovative approach to the design and fabrication of three-dimensional objects from single-piece flat sheets, inspired by the origami technique of twist-closing. While in origami twist-closing is merely used to stabilize a cylindrical or spherical structure, ensuring it maintains its shape, this research investigates the potential of twist-closing as a multi-functional mechanism that also activates and controls the transformation of a planar surface into a predesigned three-dimensional form. This exploration is directed towards an intended application to stiff and brittle sheet materials that are difficult to shape through other processes. The methods we have developed draw mainly upon principles of lattice kirigami and laminar reciprocal structures. These are reflected in a workflow that integrates digital form-generation and fabrication-rationalization techniques to reference and apply these principles at every stage. Significant capabilities of the developed methodology include: (1) achievement of pseudo-double-curvature with brittle, stiff sheet materials; (2) stabilization in a 3D end-state as a frameless self-contained single-element laminar reciprocal structure—essentially a compliant mechanism; and (3) an ability to pre-encode 3D assembly constraints in a 2D cutout pattern, which guides a moldless fabrication process. The paper reviews the precedent geometric techniques and principles that comprise this method of 3D surface fabrication and describes a sample deployment of the method as applied to the design of laminar modules made of high-pressure laminate (HPL).
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

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