Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	caadria2019_660
id	caadria2019_660
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania, Giesecke, Rena and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	3D Printing Sand Molds for Casting Bespoke Metal Connections - Digital Metal: Additive Manufacturing for Cast Metal Joints in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.133
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 133-142
summary	Metal joints play a relevant role in space frame constructions, being responsible for large amount of the overall material and fabrication cost. Space frames which are constructed with standardized metal joints are constrained to repetitive structures and topologies. For customized space frames, the fabrication of individual metal joints still remains a challenge. Traditional fabrication methods such as sand casting are labour intensive, while direct 3D metal printing is too expensive and slow for the large volumes needed in architecture.This research investigates the use of Binder Jetting technology to 3D print sand molds for casting bespoke metal joints in architecture. Using this approach, a large number of custom metal joints can be fabricated economically in short time. By automating the generation of the joint geometry and the corresponding mold system, an efficient digital process chain from design to fabrication is established. Several design studies for cast metal joints are presented. The approach is successfully tested on the example of a full scale space frame structure incorporating almost two hundred custom aluminum joints.
keywords	3D printing; binder jetting; sand casting; metal joints; metal casting; space frame; digital fabrication; computational design; lightweight; customization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_106
id	caadria2019_106
authors	Dritsas, Stylianos, Vijay, Yadunund, Teo, Ryan, Halim, Samuel, Sanandiya, Naresh and Fernandez, Javier G.
year	2019
title	Additive Manufacturing with Natural Composites - From material intelligence to informed digital fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.263
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 263-272
summary	We present results on the development of a sustainable digital manufacturing technology, discuss the challenges associated with additive manufacturing with natural materials, how statistical modelling techniques enabled understanding the intricate relationship between material and fabrication and allowed to control material extrusion. We present a prototype created to assess the ability of the process to create large-scale artifacts. We believe steps towards advancing methods for environmentally-aware digital fabrication may pave the way in transforming the industry and society towards more sustainable production and consumption paradigms.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; Bioinspired Materials
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	caadria2019_639
id	caadria2019_639
authors	Kladeftira, Marirena, Pachi, Maria, Bernhard, Mathias, Shammas, Demetris and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Design Strategies for a 3D Printed Acoustic Mirror
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.123
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 123-132
summary	Large scale binder-jetting additive manufacturing has been available since almost a decade. While it offers great opportunities for the fabrication of complex ornate forms, so far, the potential of this printing method is not fully explored. Moreover, binder-jetted objects have never been tested for outdoor use and performance, because of the weak bond of the printed parts. This paper presents a design strategy that makes possible the fabrication of large, outdoor installations, with such a fragile material as printed sandstone. The presented process was developed for a full-scale installation of acoustic mirrors that was designed, manufactured and post processed in only a few steps. In the larger picture, this paper discusses how 3D printing can allow for design optimisation and reduction of material, while it proposes post-processing methods that strengthen and seal the printed objects for exterior use.
keywords	3D printing; acoustic mirror; topology optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia19_586
id	acadia19_586
authors	Mitterberger, Daniela; Derme, Tiziano
year	2019
title	Soil 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.586
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 586-595
summary	Despite, the innovation of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, and in spite of the existence of natural bio-materials offering notable mechanical properties, materials used for AM are not necessarily more sustainable than materials used in traditional manufacturing. Furthermore, potential material savings may be partially overshadowed by the relative toxicity of the material and binders used for AM during fabrication and post-fabrication processes, as well as the energy usage necessary for the production and processing workflow. Soil as a building material offers a cheap, sustainable alternative to non-biodegradable material systems, and new developments in earth construction show how earthen buildings can create light, progressive, and sustainable structures. Nevertheless, existing large-scale earthen construction methods can only produce highly simplified shapes with rough detailing. This research proposes to use robotic additive manufacturing processes to overcome current limitations of constructing with earth, supporting complex three-dimensional geometries, and the creation of novel organic composites. More specifically the research focuses on robotic binder-jetting with granular bio-composites and non-toxic binding agents such as hydrogels. This paper is divided into two main sections: (1) biodegradable material system, and (2) multi-move robotic process, and describes the most crucial fabrication parameters such as compaction pressure, density of binders, deposition strategies and toolpath planning as well as identifying the architectural implications of using this novel biodegradable fabrication process. The combination of soil and hydrogel as building material shows the potential of a fully reversible construction process for architectural components and foresees its potential full-scale architectural implementations.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2019_632
id	caadria2019_632
authors	Raspall, Felix, Banon, Carlos and Tay, Jenn Chong
year	2019
title	AirTable - Stainless steel printing for functional space frames
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.113
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 113-122
summary	In architecture, the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies has been typically undermined by the long production time, elevated cost to manufacture parts and the low mechanical properties of 3D printed components. As AM becomes faster cheaper and stronger, opportunities for architectures that make creative use of AM to produce functional architectural pieces are emerging. In this paper, we propose and discuss the application of metal AM in complex space frames and the theoretical and practical implications. A functional lightweight metal table by the authors support our hypothesis that AM has a clear application in architecture and furniture design, and that space frames constitutes a promising structural typology. Specifically, we investigate how AM using metal as a material can be used in the application of fabrication of complex space frame structure components and connection details. The paper presents background research and our contribution to the digital design tools, the manufacturing and assembly processes, and the analysis of the performances of a parametrically designed and digitally fabricated large meeting table. Insights from this paper are deployed in an architectural scale project, AIRMesh, a metal 3D-printed pavilion set in the greenery of Gardens by the Bay, Singapore.
keywords	Metal Additive Manufacturing; Space Frame; 3D Printing; Furniture Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	caadria2019_198
id	caadria2019_198
authors	Teo, Elizabeth, Pang, Yun Jie, Xie, Yu, Ratchakitprakarn, Pheeraphat, Low, Rebekah and Dritsas, Stylianos
year	2019
title	Stereolithography with Randomized Aggregates
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.323
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 323-332
summary	The paper documents the design and development of an additive manufacturing process based on stone aggregates. Unlike conventional 3D printing technologies which target miniaturization of the material grain and deposition layers to achieve as high resolution as possible, our process deploys sizeable and randomized grains of stone. The objective of this is to leverage between physical scale of the particulate and time it takes to produce large enough artefacts, fast enough to potentially evoke spatial qualities. Perhaps unavoidably, due to its materiality, the process revisits one of the most archaic methods of building technology, namely masonry, and suggests for a unique digital perspective for structures and landscapes made from stone.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; Additive Manufacturing; Aggregate Assemblies
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cdrf2021_286
id	cdrf2021_286
authors	Yimeng Wei, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu,Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova
year	2021
title	Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27
source	Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)
summary	There are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_ProgrammableWater-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:53

_id	acadia19_178
id	acadia19_178
authors	Doyle, Shelby Elizabeth; Hunt, Erin Linsey
year	2019
title	Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.178
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 178-187
summary	This research explores the potentials, limitations, and advantages of 3D printing watersoluble formwork for reinforced concrete applications. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) forms and Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament with ground steel tensile reinforcement, this project explores the constraints and opportunities for architects to design and construct reinforced concrete using water soluble 3D printed formwork with embedded reinforcement. Research began with testing small PVA prints for consistency, heat of water-temperature for dissolving, and wall thickness of the printed formwork. Then, dual-extrusion desktop additive manufacturing was used as a method for creating a larger form to test the viability of translating this research into architectural scale applications. This paper describes the background research, materials, methods, fabrication process, and conclusions of this work in progress.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia19_188
id	acadia19_188
authors	Leschok, Matthias; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Dissolvable 3DP Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.188
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 188-197
summary	Additive manufacturing technology frees the designer and manufacturer from the constraints for creating formwork for castable materials. However, the removal of formwork remains a challenging task for specific geometric features such as undercuts and hollow parts. The entire formwork needs to be reachable by humans or machines to be broken, which poses a great risk of damaging the final concrete surface or destroying intricate details. This paper focuses on the development of a sustainable FDM 3D printed formwork system, enabling the casting of components at an architectural scale, without creating material waste. It does so by combining a minimal 3D printed shell with additional geometrical formwork features. Furthermore it proposes the usage of an alternative formwork material, Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA). PVA is water dissolvable, non-toxic, and biodegradable. Introducing water dissolvable 3D printed formwork allows designers to exploit in full the advantages of additive manufacturing technologies and the formability of castable materials. Concrete can be cast to fabricate one of a kind, full-scale, structural components without compromising the complexity of form, while at the same time, reducing the amount of material waste drastically.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia19_168
id	acadia19_168
authors	Adilenidou, Yota; Ahmed, Zeeshan Yunus; Freek, Bos; Colletti, Marjan
year	2019
title	Unprintable Forms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.168
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.168-177
summary	This paper presents a 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) experiment at the full scale of virtualarchitectural bodies developed through a computational technique based on the use of Cellular Automata (CA). The theoretical concept behind this technique is the decoding of errors in form generation and the invention of a process that would recreate the errors as a response to optimization (Adilenidou 2015). The generative design process established a family of structural and formal elements whose proliferation is guided through sets of differential grids (multi-grids) leading to the build-up of large span structures and edifices, for example, a cathedral. This tooling system is capable of producing, with specific inputs, a large number of outcomes in different scales. However, the resulting virtual surfaces could be considered as "unprintable" either due to their need of extra support or due to the presence of many cavities in the surface topology. The above characteristics could be categorized as errors, malfunctions, or undesired details in the geometry of a form that would need to be eliminated to prepare it for printing. This research project attempts to transform these "fabrication imprecisions" through new 3DCP techniques into factors of robustness of the resulting structure. The process includes the elimination of the detail / "errors" of the surface and their later reinsertion as structural folds that would strengthen the assembly. Through this process, the tangible outputs achieved fulfill design and functional requirements without compromising their structural integrity due to the manufacturing constraints.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia19_258
id	acadia19_258
authors	Bar-Sinai, Karen Lee; Shaked, Tom; Sprecher, Aaron
year	2019
title	Informing Grounds
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.258
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 258-265
summary	Advancements in robotic fabrication are enabling on-site construction in increasingly larger scales. In this paper, we argue that as autonomous tools encounter the territorial scale, they open new ways to embed information into it. To define the new practice, this paper introduces a protocol combining a theoretical framework and an iterative process titled Informing Grounds. This protocol mediates and supports the exchange of knowledge between a digital and a physical environment and is applicable to a variety of materials with uncertain characteristics in a robotic manufacturing scenario. The process is applied on soil and demonstrated through a recent design-to-fabrication workshop that focused on simulating digital groundscaping of distant lunar grounds employing robotic sand-forming. The first stage is ‘sampling’—observing the physical domain both as an initial step as well as a step between the forming cycles to update the virtual model. The second stage is ‘streaming’—the generation of information derived from the digital model and its projection onto the physical realm. The third stage is ‘transforming’—the shaping of the sand medium through a physical gesture. The workshop outcomes serve as the basis for discussion regarding the challenges posed by applying autonomous robotic tools on materials with uncertain behavior at a large-scale.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_624
id	caadria2019_624
authors	Gupta, Sachin Sean, Jayashankar, Dhileep Kumar, Sanandiya, Naresh D, Fernandez, Javier G. and Tracy, Kenneth
year	2019
title	Prototyping of Chitosan-Based Shape-Changing Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.441
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 441-450
summary	In the built environment, the typical means of achieving responsive changes in the physical features of a structure is through energy-intensive actuation mechanisms that contradict the intended goal of energy-efficient performance. Nature offers several alternative energy-free examples of achieving large-scale shape change through passive actuation mechanisms, such as the intrinsic response of water-absorbing (hygroscopic) materials to humidity fluctuations. We utilize this principle of passive actuation in the context of chitosan biopolymer, a material demonstrating a combination of mechanical strength and hygroscopic potential that enables it to serve for both load-bearing and actuation purposes. By inserting biocomposite films of chitosan as dynamic tensile members into a space truss, a structural system is constructed whose variable structural performance is manipulated and expressed as a large-scale, programmable, and fast-acting shape change. We present a method for rationalizing this responsive structural system as an assembly using a combination of materials engineering and digital design and fabrication. As a proof-of-concept, a two-meter-long fiber-reinforced cantilevering truss prototype was designed and fabricated. The truss transforms in minutes from one shape that shelters the interior from rain to another shape that acts as an air foil to increase ventilation.
keywords	Passive Actuation; Chitosan; Structural Assembly; Digital Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2023_227
id	ecaade2023_227
authors	Moorhouse, Jon and Freeman, Tim
year	2023
title	Towards a Genome for Zero Carbon Retrofit of UK Housing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.197
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 197–206
summary	The United Kingdom has some of the worst insulated housing stock in Northern Europe. This is in part due to the age of housing in the UK, with over 90% being built before 1990 [McCrone 2017, Piddington 2020]. Moreover, 85% of current UK housing will still be in use in 2050 by which stage their Government are targeting Net Carbon Zero [Eyre 2019]. Domestic energy use accounts for around 25% of UK carbon emissions. The UK will need to retrofit 20 million dwellings in order to meet this target. If this delivery were evenly spread, it would equate to over 2,000 retrofit completions each day. Government-funded initiatives are stimulating the market, with upwards of 60,000 social housing retrofits planned for 2023, but it is clear that a system must be developed to enable the design and implementation of housing-stock improvement at a large scale.This paper charts the 20-year development of a digital approach to the design for low-carbon domestic retrofit by architects Constructive Thinking Studio Limited and thence documents the emergence of a collaborative approach to retrofit patterns on a National scale. The author has led the Research and Development stream of this practice, developing a Building Information Modelling methodology and integrated Energy Modelling techniques to optimise design for housing retrofit [Georgiadou 2019, Ben 2020], and then inform a growing palette of details and a database of validated solutions [Moorhouse 2013] that can grow and be used to predict options for future projects [D’Angelo 2022]. The data is augmented by monitoring energy and environmental performance, enabling a growing body of knowledge that can be aligned with existing big data to simulate the benefits of nationwide stock improvement. The paper outlines incremental case studies and collaborative methods pivotal in developing this work The proposed outcome of the work is a Retrofit Genome that is available at a national level.
keywords	Retrofit, Housing, Zero-Carbon, BIM, Big Data, Design Genome
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_522
id	ecaadesigradi2019_522
authors	Shi, Ji, Cho, Yesul, Taylor, Meghan and Correa, David
year	2019
title	Guiding Instability - A craft-based approach for modular 3D clay printed masonry screen units
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.477
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 477-484
summary	As the field of 3D printing technologies expand, complex materials that require a deeper engagement, due to their more unstable properties, are of increasing interest. Cementitious composites, clays and other ceramic materials are of particular relevance: their potential for fast large-scale fabrication and local availability position these technologies at the forefront of expansion for 3D printing. Despite the extensive benefits inherent to clays, their irregularities and the largely unpredictable deviations that occur when printing from a digital model, currently limit design and architectural-scale applications. However, these deformations could conversely be harnessed as design generators, opening up avenues for both aesthetic and functional exploration. The paper presents an investigation into the inherent material instabilities of the clay 3D printing process for the development of an architectural masonry facade system. Through an iterative process based in craft, a new capacity for material expression and authenticity beyond previous manufacturing capabilities can become actualized.
keywords	3D printing; digital craft; clay; material computation; uncertainty; hybrid fabrication
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_126
id	ecaadesigradi2019_126
authors	Szabo, Anna, Lloret-Fritschi, Ena, Reiter, Lex, Gramazio, Fabio, Kohler, Matthias and J. Flatt, Robert
year	2019
title	Revisiting Folded Forms with Digital Fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.191
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 191-200
summary	This paper discusses the potential of emerging digital fabrication techniques to produce material-efficient thin folded concrete structures. Although in the 50s and 60s folded structures provided a common optimal solution for spanning large distances without additional vertical supports, today, the number of these projects decreased significantly due to their complicated formworks and labour-intensive realization. Digital fabrication methods for concrete hold the promise to efficiently produce intricate folded mass-customized shapes with enhanced load-bearing capacity. This paper focuses on a robotic slip-forming process, Smart Dynamic Casting (SDC), to produce various thin-walled folded concrete elements with the same formwork providing smooth surface finish and gradual variations along the height. An empirical research methodology was applied to evaluate the fabrication feasibility of digitally designed thin folded geometries with one-to-one scale prototypes. Despite the discovered design limitations due to fabrication and material constraints, the exploration led to a new promising research direction, termed 'Digital Casting'.
keywords	folded structures; digital concrete; Smart Dynamic Casting; set on demand; Digital Casting
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_592
id	ecaadesigradi2019_592
authors	Carvalho, Jo?o, Figueiredo, Bruno and Cruz, Paulo
year	2019
title	Free-form Ceramic Vault System - Taking ceramic additive manufacturing to real scale
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.485
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 485-492
summary	The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the production of architectural components has more and more examples attesting the possibilities and the advantages of its application. At the same time we seen a fast grow of the usage of ceramic materials to produce fully customised architectural components using Layer Deposition Modelling (LDM) [1] techniques. However, the use of this material, as paste, leads to a series of constraints relative to its behaviour when in the viscous state, but also in the drying and firing stages. Thus, when ceramic dries, the retraction effects may be a barrier to the regular use of this material to build future architectural systems. In this sense, it is important to study the material behaviour and know how to control and use it as a primary construction material. To do that we present the challenges and outcomes of project Hexashade, a ceramic vault shading system prototype whose geometry and internal structure is defined according to the solar incidence. This paper explain how we expect to build a real scale self-supporting prototype.
keywords	Ceramic 3D printing; Additive Manufacturing; Vaulting Systems; Parametric Design; Performative Design
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia19_140
id	acadia19_140
authors	Dambrosio, Niccol?; Zechmeister, Christoph; Bodea, Serban; Koslowski, Valentin; Gil-Pérez, Marta; Rongen, Bas
year	2019
title	Buga Fibre Pavilion
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.140
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 140-149
summary	This research showcases the integrated design process and development of an ultra-light-weight, composite dome structure as a case study for the investigation of high-performance, long-span, fibre-reinforced-polymer (FRP) based building systems. Particular emphasis is given to the exploration of design strategies and the exposure of multidirectional flows of information across different fields under the premise of going beyond preliminary investigations on a demonstrator level, towards full scale architectural applications. Building upon previous research in the realm of lightweight fiber composites conducted at the University of Stuttgart, novel design strategies and fabrication methods are discussed. Based on the design and development of the Buga Fibre Pavilion for the Heilbronn Bundesgartenschau 2019, previously prototypically tested processes are further developed and implemented at a larger scale which attempt to reduce the necessary formwork to a minimum while achieving a flexible and scalable building system.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia19_576
id	acadia19_576
authors	García del Castillo y López, Jose Luis; Bechthold, Martin; Seibold, Zach; Mhatre, Saurabh; Alhadidi, Suleiman
year	2019
title	Janus Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.576
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 576-585
summary	The benefits of additive manufacturing technologies for the production of customized construction elements has been well documented for several decades. Multi-material additive manufacturing (MM-AM) enhances these capacities by introducing region-specific characteristics to printed objects. Several examples of the production of multi-material assemblies, including functionally-graded materials (FGMs) exist at the architectural scale, but none are known for ceramics. Factors limiting the development and application of this production method include the cost and complexity of existing MM-AM machinery, and the lack of a suitable computational workflow for the production of MM-AM ceramics, which often relies on a continuous linear toolpath. We present a method for the MM-AM of paste-based ceramics that allows for unique material expressions with relatively simple end-effector design. By borrowing methods of co-extrusion found in other industries and incorporating a 4th axis of motion into the printing process, we demonstrate a precisely controlled MM-AM deposition strategy for paste-based ceramics. We present a computational workflow for the generation of toolpaths, and describe full-body tiles and 3D artifacts that can be produced using this method. Future process refinements include the introduction of more precise control of material gradation and refinements to material composition for increased element functionality.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

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