Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	acadia19_122
id	acadia19_122
authors	Yavaribajestani, Yasaman; Schleicher, Simon
year	2019
title	Bio-Inspired Lamellar Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.122
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 122-129
summary	Gaining rigidity and strength from malleable and flexible parts is the key challenge in the emerging field of bending-active structures. The goal of this construction approach is to use the large elastic deformations of planar elements for the building of complex curved structures. Aiming to contribute to this research and to make new discoveries, the authors of this paper will look at nature for inspiration and explore how structures in the plant kingdom successfully combine high flexibility with high resilience. The focus of this study are the structural principles found in fibrous cactus skeletons. Not only do the cactus skeletons show impressive structural behavior, but also their optimized form, fiber orientation, and material distribution can inspire the further development of bending-active structures. Learning from these models, the authors will present key cactus-inspired design principles and test their practical feasibility in a prototypical installation made from millimeter-thin strips of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP). Similar to the biological role model, this 6-meter-tall lamellar structure takes advantage of clever cross-bracing strategies that significantly increase stability and improve resilience. The authors explain in more detail the underlying design and construction methods and discuss the possible impact this research may have on the further development of bending-active structures.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia19_168
id	acadia19_168
authors	Adilenidou, Yota; Ahmed, Zeeshan Yunus; Freek, Bos; Colletti, Marjan
year	2019
title	Unprintable Forms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.168
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.168-177
summary	This paper presents a 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) experiment at the full scale of virtualarchitectural bodies developed through a computational technique based on the use of Cellular Automata (CA). The theoretical concept behind this technique is the decoding of errors in form generation and the invention of a process that would recreate the errors as a response to optimization (Adilenidou 2015). The generative design process established a family of structural and formal elements whose proliferation is guided through sets of differential grids (multi-grids) leading to the build-up of large span structures and edifices, for example, a cathedral. This tooling system is capable of producing, with specific inputs, a large number of outcomes in different scales. However, the resulting virtual surfaces could be considered as "unprintable" either due to their need of extra support or due to the presence of many cavities in the surface topology. The above characteristics could be categorized as errors, malfunctions, or undesired details in the geometry of a form that would need to be eliminated to prepare it for printing. This research project attempts to transform these "fabrication imprecisions" through new 3DCP techniques into factors of robustness of the resulting structure. The process includes the elimination of the detail / "errors" of the surface and their later reinsertion as structural folds that would strengthen the assembly. Through this process, the tangible outputs achieved fulfill design and functional requirements without compromising their structural integrity due to the manufacturing constraints.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_660
id	caadria2019_660
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania, Giesecke, Rena and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	3D Printing Sand Molds for Casting Bespoke Metal Connections - Digital Metal: Additive Manufacturing for Cast Metal Joints in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.133
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 133-142
summary	Metal joints play a relevant role in space frame constructions, being responsible for large amount of the overall material and fabrication cost. Space frames which are constructed with standardized metal joints are constrained to repetitive structures and topologies. For customized space frames, the fabrication of individual metal joints still remains a challenge. Traditional fabrication methods such as sand casting are labour intensive, while direct 3D metal printing is too expensive and slow for the large volumes needed in architecture.This research investigates the use of Binder Jetting technology to 3D print sand molds for casting bespoke metal joints in architecture. Using this approach, a large number of custom metal joints can be fabricated economically in short time. By automating the generation of the joint geometry and the corresponding mold system, an efficient digital process chain from design to fabrication is established. Several design studies for cast metal joints are presented. The approach is successfully tested on the example of a full scale space frame structure incorporating almost two hundred custom aluminum joints.
keywords	3D printing; binder jetting; sand casting; metal joints; metal casting; space frame; digital fabrication; computational design; lightweight; customization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_498
id	ecaadesigradi2019_498
authors	Bermek, Mehmet Sinan, Shelden, Dennis and Gentry, T. Russel
year	2019
title	A Holistic Approach to Feature-based Structural Mapping in Cross Laminated Timber Buildings
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.789
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 789-796
summary	Mass Engineered Timber products provide a unique opportunity in configuring panelized building systems that are suitable for both prefabrication and onsite customization. The structural nature of these large section elements also brings about the need for a coordinated design-fabrication-assembly workflow. These products can assume different geometric configurations and their behaviour can be approximated globally by simplifying framing schemas. Current BIM Interoperability standards such as STEP or IFC already acknowledge and support the interconnected nature of component properties, yet these Data Models are component focused. Expanding on the relationships between components and using sets to define part to whole, or exteriority relationships could yield a more flexible and agile querying of building information.This would be a framework fit for automated feature derivation and rule based design applications. To this end Graph structures and Graph Databases, alongside existing ontology authoring tools are studied to probe new cognitive possibilities in collaborative AEC workflows
keywords	Graph theory; BIM; CLT; IFC
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_210
id	ecaadesigradi2019_210
authors	Castriotto, Caio, Giantini, Guilherme and Celani, Gabriela
year	2019
title	Biomimetic Reciprocal Frames - A design investigation on bird's nests and spatial structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.613
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 613-620
summary	Reciprocal Frame (RF) is a constructive system typically applied with timber, since it is composed by discrete elements with short dimensions. It allows the construction of large spans and complex geometries. This kind of structure has been addressed by recent research projects that aim to produce it using computational tools and digital fabrication techniques. Moreover, the enhancement of these technologies enabled the integration of simulations of biological processes into the design process as a way to obtain better and optimal results, which is known as Biomimetics. This paper describes the development of a spatial structure that combines the principles of RF and the assembly process of natural agents, such as birds, in a digital environment. The tools used for the generation of the structure were Rhinoceros, Grasshopper and different add-ons, such as Culebra, Kangaroo, Pufferfish and Weaverbird.
keywords	Biomimetics; Reciprocal Frame; Nexorade; Computational Design; Agent-Based System
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2023_138
id	ecaade2023_138
authors	Crolla, Kristof and Wong, Nichol
year	2023
title	Catenary Wooden Roof Structures: Precedent knowledge for future algorithmic design and construction optimisation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.611
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 611–620
summary	The timber industry is expanding, including construction wood product applications such as glue-laminated wood products (R. Sikkema et al., 2023). To boost further utilisation of engineered wood products in architecture, further development and optimisation of related tectonic systems is required. Integration of digital design technologies in this endeavour presents opportunities for a more performative and spatially diverse architecture production, even in construction contexts typified by limited means and/or resources. This paper reports on historic precedent case study research that informs an ongoing larger study focussing on novel algorithmic methods for the design and production of lightweight, large-span, catenary glulam roof structures. Given their structural operation in full tension, catenary-based roof structures substantially reduce material needs when compared with those relying on straight beams (Wong and Crolla, 2019). Yet, the manufacture of their non-standard geometries typically requires costly bespoke hardware setups, having resulted in recent projects trending away from the more spatially engaging geometric experiments of the second half of the 20th century. The study hypothesis that the evolutionary design optimisation of this tectonic system has the potential to re-open and expand its practically available design solution space. This paper covers the review of a range of built projects employing catenary glulam roof system, starting from seminal historic precedents like the Festival Hall for the Swiss National Exhibition EXPO 1964 (A. Lozeron, Swiss, 1964) and the Wilkhahn Pavilions (Frei Otto, Germany, 1987), to contemporary examples, including the Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre (HCMA Architecture + Design, Canada, 2016). It analysis their structural concept, geometric and spatial complexity, fabrication and assembly protocols, applied construction detailing solutions, and more, with as aim to identify methods, tools, techniques, and construction details that can be taken forward in future research aimed at minimising construction complexity. Findings from this precedent study form the basis for the evolutionary-algorithmic design and construction method development that is part of the larger study. By expanding the tectonic system’s practically applicable architecture design solution space and facilitating architects’ access to a low-tech producible, spatially versatile, lightweight, eco-friendly, wooden roof structure typology, this study contributes to environmentally sustainable building.
keywords	Precedent Studies, Light-weight architecture, Timber shell, Catenary, Algorithmic Optimisation, Glue-laminated timber
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	acadia19_510
id	acadia19_510
authors	Leder, Samuel; Weber, Ramon; Wood, Dylan; Bucklin, Oliver; Menges, Achim
year	2019
title	Distributed Robotic Timber Construction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.510
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 510-519
summary	Advances in computational design and robotic building methods have the potential to enable architects to author more sustainable, efficient, and geometrically varied systems that shape our built environment. To fully harness this potential, the inherent relationship of design and building processes requires a fundamental shift in the way we design and how we build. High degree of customization in architectural projects and constantly changing conditions of construction environments pose significant challenges for the implementation of automated construction machines. Beyond traditional, human-inspired, industrial robotic building methods, we present a distributed robotic system where the robotic builders are designed in direct relationship with the material and architecture they assemble. Modular, collaborative, single axis robots are designed to utilize standardized timber struts as a basic building material, and as a part of their locomotion system, to create large-scale timber structures with high degrees of differentiation. The decentralized, multi-robot system uses a larger number of simple machines that collaborate in teams to work in parallel on varying tasks such as material transport, placement, and fixing. The research explores related architectural and robotic typologies to create timber structures with novel aesthetics and performances.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia19_586
id	acadia19_586
authors	Mitterberger, Daniela; Derme, Tiziano
year	2019
title	Soil 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.586
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 586-595
summary	Despite, the innovation of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, and in spite of the existence of natural bio-materials offering notable mechanical properties, materials used for AM are not necessarily more sustainable than materials used in traditional manufacturing. Furthermore, potential material savings may be partially overshadowed by the relative toxicity of the material and binders used for AM during fabrication and post-fabrication processes, as well as the energy usage necessary for the production and processing workflow. Soil as a building material offers a cheap, sustainable alternative to non-biodegradable material systems, and new developments in earth construction show how earthen buildings can create light, progressive, and sustainable structures. Nevertheless, existing large-scale earthen construction methods can only produce highly simplified shapes with rough detailing. This research proposes to use robotic additive manufacturing processes to overcome current limitations of constructing with earth, supporting complex three-dimensional geometries, and the creation of novel organic composites. More specifically the research focuses on robotic binder-jetting with granular bio-composites and non-toxic binding agents such as hydrogels. This paper is divided into two main sections: (1) biodegradable material system, and (2) multi-move robotic process, and describes the most crucial fabrication parameters such as compaction pressure, density of binders, deposition strategies and toolpath planning as well as identifying the architectural implications of using this novel biodegradable fabrication process. The combination of soil and hydrogel as building material shows the potential of a fully reversible construction process for architectural components and foresees its potential full-scale architectural implementations.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_126
id	ecaadesigradi2019_126
authors	Szabo, Anna, Lloret-Fritschi, Ena, Reiter, Lex, Gramazio, Fabio, Kohler, Matthias and J. Flatt, Robert
year	2019
title	Revisiting Folded Forms with Digital Fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.191
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 191-200
summary	This paper discusses the potential of emerging digital fabrication techniques to produce material-efficient thin folded concrete structures. Although in the 50s and 60s folded structures provided a common optimal solution for spanning large distances without additional vertical supports, today, the number of these projects decreased significantly due to their complicated formworks and labour-intensive realization. Digital fabrication methods for concrete hold the promise to efficiently produce intricate folded mass-customized shapes with enhanced load-bearing capacity. This paper focuses on a robotic slip-forming process, Smart Dynamic Casting (SDC), to produce various thin-walled folded concrete elements with the same formwork providing smooth surface finish and gradual variations along the height. An empirical research methodology was applied to evaluate the fabrication feasibility of digitally designed thin folded geometries with one-to-one scale prototypes. Despite the discovered design limitations due to fabrication and material constraints, the exploration led to a new promising research direction, termed 'Digital Casting'.
keywords	folded structures; digital concrete; Smart Dynamic Casting; set on demand; Digital Casting
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2019_198
id	caadria2019_198
authors	Teo, Elizabeth, Pang, Yun Jie, Xie, Yu, Ratchakitprakarn, Pheeraphat, Low, Rebekah and Dritsas, Stylianos
year	2019
title	Stereolithography with Randomized Aggregates
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.323
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 323-332
summary	The paper documents the design and development of an additive manufacturing process based on stone aggregates. Unlike conventional 3D printing technologies which target miniaturization of the material grain and deposition layers to achieve as high resolution as possible, our process deploys sizeable and randomized grains of stone. The objective of this is to leverage between physical scale of the particulate and time it takes to produce large enough artefacts, fast enough to potentially evoke spatial qualities. Perhaps unavoidably, due to its materiality, the process revisits one of the most archaic methods of building technology, namely masonry, and suggests for a unique digital perspective for structures and landscapes made from stone.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; Additive Manufacturing; Aggregate Assemblies
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ijac201917105
id	ijac201917105
authors	Agkathidis, Asterios; Yorgos Berdos and André Brown
year	2019
title	Active membranes: 3D printing of elastic fibre patterns on pre-stretched textiles
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 1, 74-87
summary	There has been a steady growth, over several decades, in the deployment of fabrics in architectural applications; both in terms of quantity and variety of application. More recently, three-dimensional printing and additive manufacturing have added to the palette of technologies that designers in architecture and related disciplines can call upon. Here, we report on research that brings those two technologies together – the development of active membrane elements and structures. We show how these active membranes have been achieved by laminating three-dimensional printed elasto-plastic fibres onto pre-stretched textile membranes. We report on a set of experimentations involving one-, two- and multi-directional geometric arrangements that take TPU 95 and polypropylene filaments and apply them to Lycra textile sheets, to form active composite panels. The process involves a parameterised design, actualised through a fabrication process including stress-line simulation, fibre pattern three-dimensional printing and the lamination of embossed patterns onto a pre-stretched membrane; followed by the release of tension afterwards in order to allow controlled, self-generation of the final geometry. Our findings document the investigation into mapping between the initial two-dimensional geometries and their resulting three-dimensional doubly curved forms. We also reflect on the products of the resulting, partly serendipitous, design process.
keywords	Digital fabrication, three-dimensional printing, parametric design, material computation, fabrics
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	acadia19_208
id	acadia19_208
authors	Baghi, Ali; Baghi, Aryan; Kalantari, Saleh
year	2019
title	FLEXI-NODE
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.207
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 207-218
summary	This paper is part of an ongoing research project on flexible molds for use in concrete fabrication. It continues and advances the concept of adjustable molds by creating a flexible system to produce a variety of concrete grid-joints. This reusable and adaptive mold streamlines the process of fabricating inherently diverse nodal joints without the need for cost-intensive mass-customization methods. The paper also proposes a novel way to cope with some of the significant drawbacks of similar mold techniques that have been explored and found wanting in similar projects. The technique used for the mold in the current research is inspired by a flexible mechanism that has been implemented in other manufacturing contexts, such as expansion joints and bendable straws. The outcomes of the project are a platform called “Flexi-node” and relevant software components that allow users to computationally design and fabricate a great variety of concrete joints for grid structures, using just one mold, with minimum material waste and no distortion from hydrostatic pressure.
keywords	flexible molds, nodal joints, computational design, concrete fabrication, mass customization, grid structures
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	acadia19_470
id	acadia19_470
authors	Meyboom, AnnaLisa; Correa, David; Krieg, Oliver David
year	2019
title	Stressed Skin Wood Surface Structure
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.470
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 470-477
summary	Innovation in parametric design and robotic fabrication is in reciprocal relationship with the investigation of new structural types that facilitated by this technology. The stressed skin structure has historically been used to create lightweight curved structures, mainly in engineering applications such as naval vessels, aircraft, and space shuttles. Stressed skin structures were first referred to by Fairbairn in 1849. In England, the first use of the structure was in the Mosquito night bomber of World War II. In the United States, stressed skin structures were used at the same time, when the Wright Patterson Air Force Base designed and fabricated the Vultee BT-15 fuselage using fiberglass-reinforced polyester as the face material and both glass-fabric honeycomb and balsa wood core. With the renewed interest in wood as a structural building material, due to its sustainable characteristics, new potentials for the use of stressed skin structures made from wood on building scales are emerging. The authors present a material informed system that is characterized by its adaptability to freeform curvature on exterior surfaces. A stressed skin system can employ thinner materials that can be bent in their elastic bending range and then fixed into place, leading to the ability to be architecturally malleable, structurally highly efficient, as well as easily buildable. The interstitial space can also be used for services. Advanced digital fabrication and robotic manufacturing methods further enhance this capability by enabling precisely fabricated tolerances and embedded assembly instructions; these are essential to fabricate complex, multi-component forms. Through a prototypical installation, the authors demonstrate and discuss the technology of the stressed skin structure in wood considering current digital design and fabrication technologies.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2019_670
id	caadria2019_670
authors	Zhang, Xiao, Gao, Weizhe, Xia, Ye, Wang, Xiang, Luo, Youyuan, Su, Junbang, Jin, Jinxi and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2019
title	Design and Analysis of Bending-Active Formwork for Shell Structures based on 3D-Printing Technology
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.073
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 73-82
summary	This paper presents the design and construction of a 3D-printed thin bending-active formwork for shell. In order to use less scaffolding and make a dome with flexible material,3-D print is applied to the formwork. First step is form-finding . Two single -curved surfaces are used to fit the form found by Kanagaroo and then unroll them .Principle stress lines are also printed on the unrolled formwork to enhance it. However, the formwork with stress lines is hard to bend. So, bending-active simulation made by ABAQUS is also applied to find the best mesh pattern to bend. Bend the basic pattern first on the framework and then print Principle stress lines onto it. Karamba is used to simulate the deformation of the shell under gravity load. It is proved that grid made up of stress lines have the best performance The full scale prototype is made up of two pieces shell bent and tied together can stand steadily. Spring-back test shows that the second layer printed on the shell can help to provide deformation.
keywords	form-work; form-finding; 3-D printing; geometric analysis; principle stress lines
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	cf2019_054
id	cf2019_054
authors	Bae, Jiyoon and Daekwon Park
year	2019
title	Weeping Brick The Modular Living Wall System Using 3D Printed Porous Ceramic Materials
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 437
summary	The goal of this research is to design and fabricate a modular living wall brick system that purifies and cools air for various indoor environments. The research utilizes ceramic 3d printing techniques for fabrication; and living plants in conjunction with evaporative cooling techniques for indoor air quality control. The brick is made of soil which become porous after firing or drying. Water from the reservoirs slowly weep through the porous brick, creating a layer of water on the surface of the brick. The air movement around the saturated brick creates evaporative cooling and the hydro-seeded plants absorb water from the surface. The shape and texture of the Weeping Brick maximizes the cooling effect via large surface area. As an aggregated wall system, the water circulates from unit to unit by gravity through interconnected reservoirs embedded within each unit. The plants and moss transform the Weeping Brick into a living wall system, purifying and conditioning the indoor air.
keywords	Living Wall System, Modular Brick, Ceramic 3D Printing, Evaporative Cooling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	acadia19_258
id	acadia19_258
authors	Bar-Sinai, Karen Lee; Shaked, Tom; Sprecher, Aaron
year	2019
title	Informing Grounds
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.258
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 258-265
summary	Advancements in robotic fabrication are enabling on-site construction in increasingly larger scales. In this paper, we argue that as autonomous tools encounter the territorial scale, they open new ways to embed information into it. To define the new practice, this paper introduces a protocol combining a theoretical framework and an iterative process titled Informing Grounds. This protocol mediates and supports the exchange of knowledge between a digital and a physical environment and is applicable to a variety of materials with uncertain characteristics in a robotic manufacturing scenario. The process is applied on soil and demonstrated through a recent design-to-fabrication workshop that focused on simulating digital groundscaping of distant lunar grounds employing robotic sand-forming. The first stage is ‘sampling’—observing the physical domain both as an initial step as well as a step between the forming cycles to update the virtual model. The second stage is ‘streaming’—the generation of information derived from the digital model and its projection onto the physical realm. The third stage is ‘transforming’—the shaping of the sand medium through a physical gesture. The workshop outcomes serve as the basis for discussion regarding the challenges posed by applying autonomous robotic tools on materials with uncertain behavior at a large-scale.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_110
id	ecaadesigradi2019_110
authors	Bernal, Marcelo, Marshall, Tyrone, Okhoya, Victor, Chen, Cheney and Haymaker, John
year	2019
title	Parametric Analysis versus Intuition - Assessment of the effectiveness of design expertise
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.103
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 103-110
summary	This paper explores through professional case studies how design solutions produced by expert teams compares to those developed through systematic parametric analysis. While the expert intuition of either single designer or teams helps to rapidly identify relevant aspects of the design problem and produce viable solutions, it has limitation to address multi-criteria design problems with conflicting objectives and searching for design alternatives. On the other hand, parametric analysis techniques in combination with data analysis methods helps to construct and analyze large design spaces of potential design solutions. For the purpose of this study, the specifications of geometric features and material properties of the building envelopes proposed by the expert design teams define the base line to measure the extent of the performance improvements of two typically conflicting objectives: Daylight quality and energy consumption. The results show consistently significant performance improvement after systematic optimization.
keywords	Performance Analysis; Parametric Analysis; Design Space; Design Expertise; Optimization
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_381
id	ecaadesigradi2019_381
authors	Buš, Peter
year	2019
title	Large-scale Prototyping Utilising Technologies and Participation - On-demand and Crowd-driven Urban Scenarios
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.847
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 847-854
summary	The paper theorises and elaborates the idea of crowd-driven assemblies for flexible and adaptive constructions utilising automatic technologies and participatory activities within the context of twenty-first century cities. As economic and technological movements and shifts in society and cultures are present and ongoing, the building technology needs to incorporate human inputs following the aspects of customisation to build adaptive architectural and urban scenarios based on immediate decisions made according to local conditions or specific spatial demands. In particular, the paper focuses on large-scale prototyping for urban applications along with on-site interactions between humans and automatic building technologies to create on-demand spatial scenarios. It discusses the current precedents in research and practice and speculates future directions to be taken in creation, development or customisation of contemporary and future cities based on participatory and crowd-driven building activities. The main aim of this theoretical overview is to offer a more comprehensive understanding of the relations between technology and humans in the context of reactive and responsive built environments.
keywords	large-scale urban prototyping; on-site participation; human-machine interaction; intelligent cities; responsive cities; urban autopoiesis
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2019_017
id	cf2019_017
authors	Cardoso Llach, Daniel and Javier Argota Sánchez-Vaquerizo
year	2019
title	An Ecology of Conflicts Using Network Analytics to Explore the Data of Building Design
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 131
summary	The scale and socio-technical complexity of contemporary architectural production poses challenges to researchers and practitioners interested in their description and analysis. This paper discusses the novel use of network analysis techniques to study a dataset comprising thousands of design conflicts reported during design coordination of a large project by a group of architects using BIM software. We discuss in detail three approaches to the use of network analysis techniques on these data, showing their potential to offer topological insights about the phenomenon of contemporary architectural design and construction, which complement other forms of architectural analysis.
keywords	Architecture, Network Analysis, Design Ecology, BIM, Data Visualization
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

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