Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	caadria2019_660
id	caadria2019_660
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania, Giesecke, Rena and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	3D Printing Sand Molds for Casting Bespoke Metal Connections - Digital Metal: Additive Manufacturing for Cast Metal Joints in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.133
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 133-142
summary	Metal joints play a relevant role in space frame constructions, being responsible for large amount of the overall material and fabrication cost. Space frames which are constructed with standardized metal joints are constrained to repetitive structures and topologies. For customized space frames, the fabrication of individual metal joints still remains a challenge. Traditional fabrication methods such as sand casting are labour intensive, while direct 3D metal printing is too expensive and slow for the large volumes needed in architecture.This research investigates the use of Binder Jetting technology to 3D print sand molds for casting bespoke metal joints in architecture. Using this approach, a large number of custom metal joints can be fabricated economically in short time. By automating the generation of the joint geometry and the corresponding mold system, an efficient digital process chain from design to fabrication is established. Several design studies for cast metal joints are presented. The approach is successfully tested on the example of a full scale space frame structure incorporating almost two hundred custom aluminum joints.
keywords	3D printing; binder jetting; sand casting; metal joints; metal casting; space frame; digital fabrication; computational design; lightweight; customization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2019_054
id	cf2019_054
authors	Bae, Jiyoon and Daekwon Park
year	2019
title	Weeping Brick The Modular Living Wall System Using 3D Printed Porous Ceramic Materials
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 437
summary	The goal of this research is to design and fabricate a modular living wall brick system that purifies and cools air for various indoor environments. The research utilizes ceramic 3d printing techniques for fabrication; and living plants in conjunction with evaporative cooling techniques for indoor air quality control. The brick is made of soil which become porous after firing or drying. Water from the reservoirs slowly weep through the porous brick, creating a layer of water on the surface of the brick. The air movement around the saturated brick creates evaporative cooling and the hydro-seeded plants absorb water from the surface. The shape and texture of the Weeping Brick maximizes the cooling effect via large surface area. As an aggregated wall system, the water circulates from unit to unit by gravity through interconnected reservoirs embedded within each unit. The plants and moss transform the Weeping Brick into a living wall system, purifying and conditioning the indoor air.
keywords	Living Wall System, Modular Brick, Ceramic 3D Printing, Evaporative Cooling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	acadia19_156
id	acadia19_156
authors	Dahy, Hanaa; Baszyñski, Piotr; Petrš, Jan
year	2019
title	Experimental Biocomposite Pavilion
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.156
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 156-165
summary	Excessive use of aggregate materials and metals in construction should be balanced by increasing use of construction materials from annually renewable resources based on natural lignocellulosic fibers. Parametric design tools gave here a possibility of using an alternative newly developed biocomposite material, for realization of complex geometries. Contemporary digital fabrication tools have enabled precise manufacturing possibilities and sophisticated geometry-making to take place that helped in obtaining high structural behavior of the overall global geometry of the discussed project. This paper presents a process of realizing an experimental structure made from Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (NFRP)- also referred to as biocomposites, which were synthesized from lignocellulosic flexible core reinforced by 3D-veneer layers in a closed-moulding vacuum-assisted process. The biocomposite sandwich panels parameters were developed and defined before the final properties were imbedded in the parametric model. This paper showcases the multi-disciplinarity work between architects, structural engineers and material developers. It allowed the architects to work on the material development themselves and enabled to apply a new created design philosophy by the first author, namely applying ‘Materials as a Design-Tool’. The erected biocomposite segmented shell construction allowed a 1:1 validation for the whole design process, material development and the digital fabrication processes applied. The whole development has been reached after merging an ongoing industrial research project results with academic education at the school of architecture in Stuttgart-Germany.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	cf2019_051
id	cf2019_051
authors	Dickey , Rachel
year	2019
title	Soft Additive Fabrication Processes: Material Indeterminacy in 3D Printing
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 434
summary	This description of Soft Additive Fabrication Processes, documents ways in which chance and randomness might be treated as values rather than problems. The production of a series of robotically controlled extruder experiments explore integrating material volition with the rigid order of machine control. Specifically this paper outlines the development of tooling procedures that harness emergent conditions in the automation of qualitative material effects. A key question for the research asks, how might architects imagine a design and construction scenario, which is no longer confined to prescriptive material dimensions, but is instead driven by digitally calibrated stochastic material processes? What opportunities might arise from developing an automated system, which does not rely on direct translation, but instead operates and predicts outcomes within a range of potential results?
keywords	Additive manufacturing, robotics, 3D printing, indeterminacy, material volition
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	caadria2019_280
id	caadria2019_280
authors	Hack, Norman, Lindemann, Hendrik and Kloft, Harald
year	2019
title	Adaptive Modular Spatial Structures for Shotcrete 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.363
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 363-372
summary	This paper presents a modular, digital construction system for lightweight spatial structures made from reinforced concrete. For design and fabrication, a digital workflow is presented, which includes the rationalization of a freeform geometry into adaptive spatial modules made up entirely of planar components. For fast and precise fabrication, these components are 3D printed using a novel 3D concrete printing technology called "Shotcrete 3D Printing". The ongoing research is demonstrated by an initial real-scale prototype of one exemplary spatial module. Lastly, the paper provides an outlook into future research, which is necessary to make this digital construction system applicable to the real-scale construction of large, wide-spanning structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication; Digital Construction Systems; Shotcrete 3D Printing; Modular Structures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2024_92
id	ecaade2024_92
authors	Mayor Luque, Ricardo; Beguin, Nestor; Rizvi Riaz, Sheikh; Dias, Jessica; Pandey, Sneham
year	2024
title	Multi-material Gradient Additive Manufacturing: A data-driven performative design approach to multi-materiality through robotic fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.381
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 381–390
summary	Buildings are responsible for 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions, with operational activities contributing 28% and materials and construction accounting for 11%(World Green Building Council, 2019) It is therefore vital to reconsider our reliance on fossil fuels for building materials and to develop new advanced manufacturing techniques that enable an integrated approach to material-controlled conception and production. The emergence of Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MM-AM) technology represents a paradigm shift in producing elements with hybrid properties derived from novel and optimized solutions. Through robotic fabrication, MM-AM offers streamlined operations, reduced material usage, and innovative fabrication methods. It encompasses a plethora of methods to address diverse construction needs and integrates material gradients through data-driven analyses, challenging traditional prefabrication practices and emphasizing the current growth of machine learning algorithms in design processes. The research outlined in this paper presents an innovative approach to MM-AM gradient 3D printing through robotic fabrication, employing data-driven performative analyses enabling control over print paths for sustainable applications in both the AM industry and our built environment. The article highlights several designed prototypes from two distinct phases, demonstrating the framework's viability, implications, and constraints: a workshop dedicated to data-driven analyses in facade systems for MM-AM 3D-printed brick components, and a 3D-printed brick facade system utilizing two renewable and bio-materials—Cork sourced from recycled stoppers and Charcoal, with the potential for carbon sequestration.
keywords	Data-driven Performative design, Multi-material 3d Printing, Material Research, Fabrication-informed Material Design, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	acadia19_100
id	acadia19_100
authors	Meibodi, Mania Aghae; Kladeftira, Marirena; Kyttas, Thodoris; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Bespoke Cast Facade
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.100
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 100-109
summary	This paper presents a computational design approach and a digital fabrication method for a freeform aluminum facade made of prefabricated bespoke elements. The fabrication of customized metal elements for construction remains a challenge to this day. Traditional fabrication methods, such as sand casting, are labor intensive, while direct metal 3D printing has limitations for architecture where large-scale elements are needed. Our research investigates the use of Binder Jetting technology to 3D print sand molds for casting bespoke facade elements in aluminum. Using this approach, custom facade elements can be economically fabricated in a short time. By automating the generation of mold design for each element, an efficient digital process chain from design to fabrication was established. In search of a computational method to integrate casting constraints into the form generation and the design process, a differential growth algorithm was used. The application of this fabrication method (3D printed sand molds and casting) in architecture is demonstrated via the design and fabrication of a freeform facade-screen. The paper articulates the relationship between the fabrication process and the differential growth algorithm with a parallel process of adaptive design tools and fabrication tests to exhibit future potential of the method for architectural practice.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	caadria2019_632
id	caadria2019_632
authors	Raspall, Felix, Banon, Carlos and Tay, Jenn Chong
year	2019
title	AirTable - Stainless steel printing for functional space frames
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.113
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 113-122
summary	In architecture, the use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies has been typically undermined by the long production time, elevated cost to manufacture parts and the low mechanical properties of 3D printed components. As AM becomes faster cheaper and stronger, opportunities for architectures that make creative use of AM to produce functional architectural pieces are emerging. In this paper, we propose and discuss the application of metal AM in complex space frames and the theoretical and practical implications. A functional lightweight metal table by the authors support our hypothesis that AM has a clear application in architecture and furniture design, and that space frames constitutes a promising structural typology. Specifically, we investigate how AM using metal as a material can be used in the application of fabrication of complex space frame structure components and connection details. The paper presents background research and our contribution to the digital design tools, the manufacturing and assembly processes, and the analysis of the performances of a parametrically designed and digitally fabricated large meeting table. Insights from this paper are deployed in an architectural scale project, AIRMesh, a metal 3D-printed pavilion set in the greenery of Gardens by the Bay, Singapore.
keywords	Metal Additive Manufacturing; Space Frame; 3D Printing; Furniture Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_522
id	ecaadesigradi2019_522
authors	Shi, Ji, Cho, Yesul, Taylor, Meghan and Correa, David
year	2019
title	Guiding Instability - A craft-based approach for modular 3D clay printed masonry screen units
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.477
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 477-484
summary	As the field of 3D printing technologies expand, complex materials that require a deeper engagement, due to their more unstable properties, are of increasing interest. Cementitious composites, clays and other ceramic materials are of particular relevance: their potential for fast large-scale fabrication and local availability position these technologies at the forefront of expansion for 3D printing. Despite the extensive benefits inherent to clays, their irregularities and the largely unpredictable deviations that occur when printing from a digital model, currently limit design and architectural-scale applications. However, these deformations could conversely be harnessed as design generators, opening up avenues for both aesthetic and functional exploration. The paper presents an investigation into the inherent material instabilities of the clay 3D printing process for the development of an architectural masonry facade system. Through an iterative process based in craft, a new capacity for material expression and authenticity beyond previous manufacturing capabilities can become actualized.
keywords	3D printing; digital craft; clay; material computation; uncertainty; hybrid fabrication
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_327
id	ecaadesigradi2019_327
authors	Silva, Daniela, Paio, Alexandra and Sousa, José Pedro
year	2019
title	Reprogramming Practice - Revising design thinking through digital fabrication
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.379
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 379-386
summary	Questioning the importance and impact of design thinking methodologies in the architectural design studios is a backbone of architectural education in twenty first century. 3D printing and digital manufacturing are disruptive technologies that are changing architects and designers daily lives. These trends require new skills, based on a deep understanding of digital continuum from design to production, from generation to fabrication. This continuity transcends the merely instrumental contributions of a person-machine relationship to praxis, has begun to evolve as a medium that supports a continuous logic of design thinking and making. Design thinking methodologies associated with digital fabrication emerged as a leading technological and design issue of digital research and design. As designers, we are witnessing a no frontier between computational design and digital fabrication. For this paper is taken into consideration the work of two architecture studios that share a unique background on new methodologies by embracing the digital technology in their own practice. Their work reflects on new design methodologies facing the expansion of digital technology in architectural practice. This paper discusses the possibility of new design thinking methods driven by digital fabrication.
keywords	Design thinking; Digital Fabrication; AEC; Collaborative Design; Architectural Practice
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2019_198
id	caadria2019_198
authors	Teo, Elizabeth, Pang, Yun Jie, Xie, Yu, Ratchakitprakarn, Pheeraphat, Low, Rebekah and Dritsas, Stylianos
year	2019
title	Stereolithography with Randomized Aggregates
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.323
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 323-332
summary	The paper documents the design and development of an additive manufacturing process based on stone aggregates. Unlike conventional 3D printing technologies which target miniaturization of the material grain and deposition layers to achieve as high resolution as possible, our process deploys sizeable and randomized grains of stone. The objective of this is to leverage between physical scale of the particulate and time it takes to produce large enough artefacts, fast enough to potentially evoke spatial qualities. Perhaps unavoidably, due to its materiality, the process revisits one of the most archaic methods of building technology, namely masonry, and suggests for a unique digital perspective for structures and landscapes made from stone.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; Additive Manufacturing; Aggregate Assemblies
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cdrf2021_286
id	cdrf2021_286
authors	Yimeng Wei, Areti Markopoulou, Yuanshuang Zhu,Eduardo Chamorro Martin, and Nikol Kirova
year	2021
title	Additive Manufacture of Cellulose Based Bio-Material on Architectural Scale
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_27
source	Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES The 3rd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2021)
summary	There are severe environmental and ecological issues once we evaluate the architecture industry with LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), such as emission of CO2 caused by necessary high temperature for producing cement and significant amounts of Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in deteriorated and obsolete buildings. One of the ways to solve these problems is Bio-Material. CELLULOSE and CHITON is the 1st and 2nd abundant substance in nature (Duro-Royo, J.: Aguahoja_ProgrammableWater-based Biocomposites for Digital Design and Fabrication across Scales. MIT, pp. 1–3 (2019)), which means significantly potential for architectural dimension production. Meanwhile, renewability and biodegradability make it more conducive to the current problem of construction pollution. The purpose of this study is to explore Cellulose Based Biomaterial and bring it into architectural scale additive manufacture that engages with performance in the material development, with respect to time of solidification and control of shrinkage, as well as offering mechanical strength. At present, the experiments have proved the possibility of developing a cellulose-chitosan- based composite into 3D-Printing Construction Material (Sanandiya, N.D., Vijay, Y., Dimopoulou, M., Dritsas, S., Fernandez, J.G.: Large-scale additive manufacturing with bioinspired cellulosic materials. Sci. Rep. 8(1), 1–5 (2018)). Moreover, The research shows that the characteristics (Such as waterproof, bending, compression, tensile, transparency) of the composite can be enhanced by different additives (such as xanthan gum, paper fiber, flour), which means it can be customized into various architectural components based on Performance Directional Optimization. This solution has a positive effect on environmental impact reduction and is of great significance in putting the architectural construction industry into a more environment-friendly and smart state.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:53

_id	acadia19_246
id	acadia19_246
authors	Zhang, Viola; Qian, William; Sabin, Jenny
year	2019
title	PolyBrickH2.0
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.246
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 246-257
summary	This project emerged from collaborative trans-disciplinary research between architecture, engineering, biology, and materials science to generate novel applications in micro-scale 3D printed ceramics. Specifically, PolyBrick H2.0 adapts internal bone-based hydraulic networks through controlled water flow from 3D printed micro-textures and surface chemistry. Engagement across disciplines produced the PolyBrick series at the Sabin Lab (Sabin, Miller, and Cassab 2014) . The series is a manifestation of novel digital fabrication techniques, bioinspired design, materials inquiry, and contemporary evolutions of building materials. A new purpose for the brick is explored that is not solely focused on the mechanical constraints necessary for built masonry structures. PolyBrick H2.0 interweaves the intricacies of living systems (beings and environments combined) to create a more responsive and interactive material system. The PolyBrick 2.0 series looks at human bone as a design model for foundational research. PolyBrick H2.0 merges the cortical bone hydraulic network with new functionalities as a water filtration and collection system for self-preservation and conservation as well as passive cooling solutions. It also pushes the ability of 3D printing techniques to the microscale. These functionalities are investigated under context for a better construction material, but its use may extend further.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	caadria2019_045
id	caadria2019_045
authors	Zheng, Hao, Darweesh, Barrak, Lee, Heewon and Yang, Li
year	2019
title	Caterpillar - A Gcode translator in Grasshopper
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.253
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 253-262
summary	Additive manufacturing has widely been spread in the digital fabrication and design fields, allowing designers to rapidly manufacture complex geometry. In the additive process of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), machine movements are provided in the form of Gcode - A language of spatial coordinates controlling the position of the 3D printing extruder. Slicing software use closed mesh models to create Gcode from planar contours of the imported mesh, which raises limitations in the geometry types accepted by slicing software as well as machine control freedom. This paper presents a framework that makes full use of three degrees of freedom of Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines through the generation of Gcode in the Rhino and Grasshopper environment. Eliminating the need for slicing software, Gcode files are generated through user-defined toolpaths that allow for higher levels of control over the CNC machine and a wider range of possibilities for non-conventional 3D printing applications. Here, we present Caterpillar, a Grasshopper plug-in providing architects and designers with high degrees of customizability for additive manufacturing. Core codes are revealed, application examples of printing with user-defined toolpaths are shown.
keywords	3D Printing; Gcode; Grasshopper; Modelling; Simulation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	acadia19_168
id	acadia19_168
authors	Adilenidou, Yota; Ahmed, Zeeshan Yunus; Freek, Bos; Colletti, Marjan
year	2019
title	Unprintable Forms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.168
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.168-177
summary	This paper presents a 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) experiment at the full scale of virtualarchitectural bodies developed through a computational technique based on the use of Cellular Automata (CA). The theoretical concept behind this technique is the decoding of errors in form generation and the invention of a process that would recreate the errors as a response to optimization (Adilenidou 2015). The generative design process established a family of structural and formal elements whose proliferation is guided through sets of differential grids (multi-grids) leading to the build-up of large span structures and edifices, for example, a cathedral. This tooling system is capable of producing, with specific inputs, a large number of outcomes in different scales. However, the resulting virtual surfaces could be considered as "unprintable" either due to their need of extra support or due to the presence of many cavities in the surface topology. The above characteristics could be categorized as errors, malfunctions, or undesired details in the geometry of a form that would need to be eliminated to prepare it for printing. This research project attempts to transform these "fabrication imprecisions" through new 3DCP techniques into factors of robustness of the resulting structure. The process includes the elimination of the detail / "errors" of the surface and their later reinsertion as structural folds that would strengthen the assembly. Through this process, the tangible outputs achieved fulfill design and functional requirements without compromising their structural integrity due to the manufacturing constraints.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia19_596
id	acadia19_596
authors	Anton, Ana; Yoo, Angela; Bedarf, Patrick; Reiter, Lex; Wangler, Timothy; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Vertical Modulations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.596
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 596-605
summary	The context of digital fabrication allows architects to reinvestigate material, process and the design decisions they entail to explore novel expression in architecture. This demands a new approach to design thinking, as well as the relevant tools to couple the form of artefacts with the process in which they are made. This paper presents a customised computational design tool developed for exploring the novel design space of Concrete Extrusion 3D Printing (CE3DP), enabling a reinterpretation of the concrete column building typology. This tool allows the designer to access generative engines such as trigonometric functions and mesh subdivision through an intuitive graphical user interface. Balancing process efficiency as understood by our industry with a strong design focus, we aim to articulate the unique architectural qualities inherent to CE3DP, energising much needed innovation in concrete technology.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_592
id	ecaadesigradi2019_592
authors	Carvalho, Jo?o, Figueiredo, Bruno and Cruz, Paulo
year	2019
title	Free-form Ceramic Vault System - Taking ceramic additive manufacturing to real scale
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.485
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 485-492
summary	The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the production of architectural components has more and more examples attesting the possibilities and the advantages of its application. At the same time we seen a fast grow of the usage of ceramic materials to produce fully customised architectural components using Layer Deposition Modelling (LDM) [1] techniques. However, the use of this material, as paste, leads to a series of constraints relative to its behaviour when in the viscous state, but also in the drying and firing stages. Thus, when ceramic dries, the retraction effects may be a barrier to the regular use of this material to build future architectural systems. In this sense, it is important to study the material behaviour and know how to control and use it as a primary construction material. To do that we present the challenges and outcomes of project Hexashade, a ceramic vault shading system prototype whose geometry and internal structure is defined according to the solar incidence. This paper explain how we expect to build a real scale self-supporting prototype.
keywords	Ceramic 3D printing; Additive Manufacturing; Vaulting Systems; Parametric Design; Performative Design
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

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