Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ijac201917105
id	ijac201917105
authors	Agkathidis, Asterios; Yorgos Berdos and André Brown
year	2019
title	Active membranes: 3D printing of elastic fibre patterns on pre-stretched textiles
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 1, 74-87
summary	There has been a steady growth, over several decades, in the deployment of fabrics in architectural applications; both in terms of quantity and variety of application. More recently, three-dimensional printing and additive manufacturing have added to the palette of technologies that designers in architecture and related disciplines can call upon. Here, we report on research that brings those two technologies together – the development of active membrane elements and structures. We show how these active membranes have been achieved by laminating three-dimensional printed elasto-plastic fibres onto pre-stretched textile membranes. We report on a set of experimentations involving one-, two- and multi-directional geometric arrangements that take TPU 95 and polypropylene filaments and apply them to Lycra textile sheets, to form active composite panels. The process involves a parameterised design, actualised through a fabrication process including stress-line simulation, fibre pattern three-dimensional printing and the lamination of embossed patterns onto a pre-stretched membrane; followed by the release of tension afterwards in order to allow controlled, self-generation of the final geometry. Our findings document the investigation into mapping between the initial two-dimensional geometries and their resulting three-dimensional doubly curved forms. We also reflect on the products of the resulting, partly serendipitous, design process.
keywords	Digital fabrication, three-dimensional printing, parametric design, material computation, fabrics
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	cf2019_054
id	cf2019_054
authors	Bae, Jiyoon and Daekwon Park
year	2019
title	Weeping Brick The Modular Living Wall System Using 3D Printed Porous Ceramic Materials
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 437
summary	The goal of this research is to design and fabricate a modular living wall brick system that purifies and cools air for various indoor environments. The research utilizes ceramic 3d printing techniques for fabrication; and living plants in conjunction with evaporative cooling techniques for indoor air quality control. The brick is made of soil which become porous after firing or drying. Water from the reservoirs slowly weep through the porous brick, creating a layer of water on the surface of the brick. The air movement around the saturated brick creates evaporative cooling and the hydro-seeded plants absorb water from the surface. The shape and texture of the Weeping Brick maximizes the cooling effect via large surface area. As an aggregated wall system, the water circulates from unit to unit by gravity through interconnected reservoirs embedded within each unit. The plants and moss transform the Weeping Brick into a living wall system, purifying and conditioning the indoor air.
keywords	Living Wall System, Modular Brick, Ceramic 3D Printing, Evaporative Cooling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	caadria2019_657
id	caadria2019_657
authors	Chen, Zhewen, Zhang, Liming and Yuan, Philip F.
year	2019
title	Innovative Design Approach to Optimized Performance on Large-Scale Robotic 3D-Printed Spatial Structure
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.451
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 451-460
summary	This paper presents an innovative approach on designing large-scale spatial structure with automated robotic 3D-printing. The incipient design approach mainly focused on optimizing structural efficiency at an early design stage by transform the object into a discrete system, and the elements in this system contains unique structural parameters that corresponding to its topology results of stiffness distribution. Back in 2017, the design team already implemented this concept into an experimental project of Cloud Pavilion in Shanghai, China, and the 3D-printed spatial structure was partitioned into five zones represent different level of structure stiffness and filled with five kinds of unit toolpath accordingly. Through further research, an upgrade version, the project of Cloud Pavilion 2.0 is underway and will be completed in January 2019. A detailed description on innovative printing toolpath design in this project is conducted in this paper and explains how the toolpath shape effects its overall structural stiffness. This paper contributes knowledge on integrated design in the field of robotic 3D-printing and provides an alternative approach on robotic toolpath design combines with the optimized topological results.
keywords	3D-Printing; Robotic Fabrication; Structural Optimization; Discrete System; Toolpath Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia19_178
id	acadia19_178
authors	Doyle, Shelby Elizabeth; Hunt, Erin Linsey
year	2019
title	Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.178
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 178-187
summary	This research explores the potentials, limitations, and advantages of 3D printing watersoluble formwork for reinforced concrete applications. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) forms and Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament with ground steel tensile reinforcement, this project explores the constraints and opportunities for architects to design and construct reinforced concrete using water soluble 3D printed formwork with embedded reinforcement. Research began with testing small PVA prints for consistency, heat of water-temperature for dissolving, and wall thickness of the printed formwork. Then, dual-extrusion desktop additive manufacturing was used as a method for creating a larger form to test the viability of translating this research into architectural scale applications. This paper describes the background research, materials, methods, fabrication process, and conclusions of this work in progress.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_641
id	ecaadesigradi2019_641
authors	Dunn, Kate, Haeusler, M. Hank, Zavoleas, Yannis, Bishop, Mel, Dafforn, Katherine, Sedano, Francisco, Yu, Daniel and Schaefer, Nina
year	2019
title	Recycled Sustainable 3D Printing Materials for Marine Environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.583
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 583-592
summary	The paper discusses the design and testing of sustainable recycled materials for large scale 3D printed construction in a marine context. This research is part of a 3-phase project involving a multidisciplinary team of designers, architects, material specialists and marine ecologists. The Bio Shelters Project uses an innovative approach to designing and fabricating marine bio-shelters that ecologically enhance seawalls, by promoting native biodiversity and providing seawater filtration, carbon sequestration and fisheries productivity. The design of the 3D print structure is a data-driven approach that incorporates ecological data to optimise the form for growth and survivorship of marine species under the environmental conditions of the installation site as well as being an integral part of the design project and the site.
keywords	3D printing; material research; sustainability; marine biology
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2019_636
id	caadria2019_636
authors	Engholt, Jon and Pigram, Dave
year	2019
title	Tailored Flexibility - Reinforcing concrete fabric formwork with 3D printed plastics
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.053
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 53-62
summary	The tailored flexibility project seeks to develop a construction system that combines flexible formwork with robotic 3D plastic printing resulting in novel approaches that expand the ranges of both techniques. Combining 3D printing and flexible formwork does not necessarily suggest a unified design space and the development depends on thorough interrogation and critical assessment of the physical intelligence that emerges between digital design, manufacturing processes and structural integrity. This paper describes the initial prototyping of compound material behaviour in formwork and concrete, following the implicit rationales revealed through iterations and variations of physical experimentation. Such iterative feedback from physical prototyping informs and facilitates a discussion of the relationship between the manufacturing process and the design tool: How does the ultimate function as concrete shuttering transform the 3D printing process and how does this transformation conversely affect the shuttering design? How does a hierarchy of involved processes emerge and which composite opportunities do the initial results suggest as a further development into a coherent construction system?
keywords	concrete; flexible formwork; 3D printing; robotic fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	acadia19_674
id	acadia19_674
authors	Farahi, Benhaz
year	2019
title	IRIDESCENCE: Bio-Inspired Emotive Matter
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.674
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.674-683
summary	The Hummingbird is an amazing creature. The male Anna’s Hummingbird changes color from dark green to iridescence pink in his spectacular courtship. Can we exploit this phenomenon to produce color and shape changing material systems for the future of design? This paper describes the design process behind the interactive installation, Iridescence, through the logic of two interconnected themes, ‘morphology’ and ‘behavior’. Inspired by the gorget of the Anna’s hummingbird, this 3D printed collar is equipped with a facial tracking camera and an array of 200 rotating quills. The custom-made actuators flip their colors and start to make patterns, in response to the movement of onlookers and their facial expressions. The paper addresses how wearables can become a vehicle for self-expression, capable of influencing social interaction and enhancing one’s sensory experience of the world. Through the lens of this project, the paper proposes ‘bio-inspired emotive matter’ as an interdisciplinary design approach at the intersection of Affective Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Ethology, which can be applied in many design fields. The paper argues that bio-inspired material systems should be used not just for formal or performative reasons, but also as an interface for human emotions to address psycho-social issues.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia19_576
id	acadia19_576
authors	García del Castillo y López, Jose Luis; Bechthold, Martin; Seibold, Zach; Mhatre, Saurabh; Alhadidi, Suleiman
year	2019
title	Janus Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.576
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 576-585
summary	The benefits of additive manufacturing technologies for the production of customized construction elements has been well documented for several decades. Multi-material additive manufacturing (MM-AM) enhances these capacities by introducing region-specific characteristics to printed objects. Several examples of the production of multi-material assemblies, including functionally-graded materials (FGMs) exist at the architectural scale, but none are known for ceramics. Factors limiting the development and application of this production method include the cost and complexity of existing MM-AM machinery, and the lack of a suitable computational workflow for the production of MM-AM ceramics, which often relies on a continuous linear toolpath. We present a method for the MM-AM of paste-based ceramics that allows for unique material expressions with relatively simple end-effector design. By borrowing methods of co-extrusion found in other industries and incorporating a 4th axis of motion into the printing process, we demonstrate a precisely controlled MM-AM deposition strategy for paste-based ceramics. We present a computational workflow for the generation of toolpaths, and describe full-body tiles and 3D artifacts that can be produced using this method. Future process refinements include the introduction of more precise control of material gradation and refinements to material composition for increased element functionality.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_237
id	ecaadesigradi2019_237
authors	Granero, Adriana
year	2019
title	Starting hypothesis - A proposed biological-artificial mutualism
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.569
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 569-574
summary	We imagine the buildings of a not too distant future (constructions that we will inhabit) as the combination of digital design, additive manufacturing, advanced robotics, sensors, transmitters, information in the cloud, information of networks, information of other robot networks, etc. all interconnected and with autonomous response. We imagine the skin as a biomimetic envelope of autonomous response to environmental changes. We perceive that skin, or the envelope of the architectural construction made with personalized products, a physical object created by printing layer by layer of a three-dimensional model or 3D digital drawing, an additive manufacturing or 3D printing. We do not rule out that this physical object can be printed in 4D in a process in which the skin itself or envelope built by a process linked to advanced robotics and AI can generate products that modify themselves to respond to changes climatic.
keywords	Mutualism; Biologital-Artificial; Biological-Digital; Mechatronic Architecture
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2019_280
id	caadria2019_280
authors	Hack, Norman, Lindemann, Hendrik and Kloft, Harald
year	2019
title	Adaptive Modular Spatial Structures for Shotcrete 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.363
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 363-372
summary	This paper presents a modular, digital construction system for lightweight spatial structures made from reinforced concrete. For design and fabrication, a digital workflow is presented, which includes the rationalization of a freeform geometry into adaptive spatial modules made up entirely of planar components. For fast and precise fabrication, these components are 3D printed using a novel 3D concrete printing technology called "Shotcrete 3D Printing". The ongoing research is demonstrated by an initial real-scale prototype of one exemplary spatial module. Lastly, the paper provides an outlook into future research, which is necessary to make this digital construction system applicable to the real-scale construction of large, wide-spanning structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication; Digital Construction Systems; Shotcrete 3D Printing; Modular Structures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_495
id	ecaadesigradi2019_495
authors	Herrera, Pablo C and Braida, Frederico
year	2019
title	Digital Technologies in Latin American Architecture - A Literature Review from the Third to the Fourth Industrial Revolution
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.431
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 431-440
summary	This paper approaches the literature that combines the fields of Architectural Computing and Architecture and Urbanism produced in Latin America during the first two decades of the 21st Century. The main objective is to map the advancement of Digital Technology in Architecture and Urbanism in the context of the Third Industrial Revolution, in order to identify perspectives towards a Fourth Industrial Revolution. As methodology was applied a chronological survey of the literature produced in book format, predominantly printed in the 21st Century by Latin Americans researches in leading digital themes. At last, it can be verified that the production is still very scarce and still has not incorporated, in a significant way, the themes related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
keywords	Latin America; Digital Technologies; Industrial Revolution; Literature Review; Architectural Computing
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2019_399
id	caadria2019_399
authors	Houda, Maryam and Dias-da-Costa, Daniel
year	2019
title	Data Informed Branch Typologies for Structurally Optimised Curvilinear Surfaces - 3D Printed Mesh Density System (MDS) as Formwork for Concrete Shell Structures.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.401
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 401-410
summary	This research sheds light on the advancement of additive fabrication and its relevance to the construction of curvilinear surfaces. The Mesh Density System (MDS) explored in this paper, is a novel 3D printed dual formwork and reinforcement system for free-form complex concrete geometries. It offers an alternate method to current formwork systems, essentially for thin shell structures. By using multi-cellular distribution and optimised branch structural arrangements, the system optimises form and concrete flow.
keywords	Additive Fabrication; Concrete Shells; Evolutionary Algorithms; Permanent Formwork; Structural Optimisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_073
id	ecaadesigradi2019_073
authors	Junk, Stefan, Niederhüfner, Michelle, Borkowska, Nina and Schrock, Steffen
year	2019
title	Direct Digital Manufacturing of Architectural Models using Binder Jetting and Polyjet Modeling
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.451
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 451-456
summary	Today, architectural models are an important tool for illustrating drawn-on plans or computer-generated virtual models and making them understandable. In addition to the conventional methods for the manufacturing of physical models, a wide range of processes for Direct Digital Manufacturing (DDM) has spread rapidly in recent years. In order to facilitate the application of these new methods for architects, this contribution examines which technical and economic results are possible using 3D printed architectural models. Within a case study, it will be shown on the basis of a multi-storey detached house, which kind of data preparation is necessary. The DDM of architectural models will be demonstrated using two widespread techniques and the resulting costs will be compared.
keywords	Architeetual model; CAAD; Direct Digital Manufacturing; Binder Jetting; Polyjet Modelling
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2019_639
id	caadria2019_639
authors	Kladeftira, Marirena, Pachi, Maria, Bernhard, Mathias, Shammas, Demetris and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Design Strategies for a 3D Printed Acoustic Mirror
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.123
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 123-132
summary	Large scale binder-jetting additive manufacturing has been available since almost a decade. While it offers great opportunities for the fabrication of complex ornate forms, so far, the potential of this printing method is not fully explored. Moreover, binder-jetted objects have never been tested for outdoor use and performance, because of the weak bond of the printed parts. This paper presents a design strategy that makes possible the fabrication of large, outdoor installations, with such a fragile material as printed sandstone. The presented process was developed for a full-scale installation of acoustic mirrors that was designed, manufactured and post processed in only a few steps. In the larger picture, this paper discusses how 3D printing can allow for design optimisation and reduction of material, while it proposes post-processing methods that strengthen and seal the printed objects for exterior use.
keywords	3D printing; acoustic mirror; topology optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia19_188
id	acadia19_188
authors	Leschok, Matthias; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Dissolvable 3DP Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.188
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 188-197
summary	Additive manufacturing technology frees the designer and manufacturer from the constraints for creating formwork for castable materials. However, the removal of formwork remains a challenging task for specific geometric features such as undercuts and hollow parts. The entire formwork needs to be reachable by humans or machines to be broken, which poses a great risk of damaging the final concrete surface or destroying intricate details. This paper focuses on the development of a sustainable FDM 3D printed formwork system, enabling the casting of components at an architectural scale, without creating material waste. It does so by combining a minimal 3D printed shell with additional geometrical formwork features. Furthermore it proposes the usage of an alternative formwork material, Poly Vinyl Alcohol (PVA). PVA is water dissolvable, non-toxic, and biodegradable. Introducing water dissolvable 3D printed formwork allows designers to exploit in full the advantages of additive manufacturing technologies and the formability of castable materials. Concrete can be cast to fabricate one of a kind, full-scale, structural components without compromising the complexity of form, while at the same time, reducing the amount of material waste drastically.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_408
id	ecaadesigradi2019_408
authors	Lohse, Theresa and Werner, Liss C.
year	2019
title	Semi-flexible Additive Manufacturing Materials for Modularization Purposes - A modular assembly proposal for a foam edge-based spatial framework
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.463
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 463-470
summary	This paper introduces a series of design and fabrication tests directed towards the use of bendable 3D printing materials in order to simplify a foam bubble-based geometry as a frame structure for modular assembly. The aspiration to reference a spittlebug's bubble cocoon in nature for a light installation in the urban context was integrated into a computational workflow conditioning light-weight, material-, and cost savings along with assembly-simplicity. Firstly, before elaborating on the project motivation and background in foam structures and applications of 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material, this paper describes the physical nature of bubble foams in its relevant aspects. Subsequently this is implemented into the parametric design process for an optimized foam structure with Grasshopper clarifying the need for flexible materials to enhance modular feasibility. Following, the additive manufacturing iterations of the digitally designed node components with TPU are presented and evaluated. Finally, after the test assembly of both components is depicted, this paper assesses the divergence between natural foams and the case study structure with respect to self-organizing behavior.
keywords	digital fabrication; 3D Printing; TPU flexibility ; modularity; optimization
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia20_176p
id	acadia20_176p
authors	Lok, Leslie; Zivkovic, Sasa
year	2020
title	Ashen Cabin
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 176-181
summary	Ashen Cabin, designed by HANNAH, is a small building 3D-printed from concrete and clothed in a robotically fabricated envelope made of irregular ash wood logs. From the ground up, digital design and fabrication technologies are intrinsic to the making of this architectural prototype, facilitating fundamentally new material methods, tectonic articulations, forms of construction, and architectural design languages. Ashen Cabin challenges preconceived notions about material standards in wood. The cabin utilizes wood infested by the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) for its envelope, which, unfortunately, is widely considered as ‘waste’. At present, the invasive EAB threatens to eradicate most of the 8.7 billion ash trees in North America (USDA, 2019). Due to their challenging geometries, most infested ash trees cannot be processed by regular sawmills and are therefore regarded as unsuitable for construction. Infested and dying ash trees form an enormous and untapped material resource for sustainable wood construction. By implementing high precision 3D scanning and robotic fabrication, the project upcycles Emerald-Ash-Borer-infested ‘waste wood’ into an abundantly available, affordable, and morbidly sustainable building material for the Anthropocene. Using a KUKA KR200/2 with a custom 5hp band saw end effector at the Cornell Robotic Construction Laboratory (RCL), the research team can saw irregular tree logs into naturally curved boards of various and varying thicknesses. The boards are arrayed into interlocking SIP façade panels, and by adjusting the thickness of the bandsaw cut, the robotically carved timber boards can be assembled as complex single curvature surfaces or double-curvature surfaces. The undulating wooden surfaces accentuate the building’s program and yet remain reminiscent of the natural log geometry which they are derived from. The curvature of the wood is strategically deployed to highlight moments of architectural importance such as windows, entrances, roofs, canopies, or provide additional programmatic opportunities such as integrated shelving, desk space, or storage.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

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