Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaadesigradi2019_183
id	ecaadesigradi2019_183
authors	Mughal, Humera and Beirao, Jose
year	2019
title	A Workflow for the Performance Based Design of Naturally Ventilated Tall Buildings Using a Genetic Algorithm (GA)
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 645-654
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.645
summary	Optimization of Natural Ventilation process in highrise buildings is one of the most complex and least addressed phenomenon in the field of sustainable architecture. This issue requires urgent consideration to reduce the computation time due to fast growing demand of vertical construction in metropolitan cities. Until recently most highrise buildings have been operated with mechanical systems, causing high energy loads in hot climates and have high carbon footprints. Highrise buildings with natural ventilation and sky gardens can address these problems. This study involves the development of a Genetic Algorithm (GA) addressing the multi objective optimization of natural ventilation in tall buildings incorporated with Sky-Gardens at different levels all connected through a central ventilation shaft. The fitness function for this GA is composed of three scales; temperature reduction due to evapotranspiration of plants of sky-gardens, optimum wind velocity for channelizing air inside the corridors and ventilation shaft, and optimum building configuration. The aim is to find the best solutions for tall buildings constructed in hot climate through the provision of optimized airflow paths suitable for the effectiveness of natural ventilation, within a reasonably short computation time for supporting design processes at early stage.
keywords	Optimization; Natural Ventilation; Tall buildings; Genetic Algorithms
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_110
id	ecaadesigradi2019_110
authors	Bernal, Marcelo, Marshall, Tyrone, Okhoya, Victor, Chen, Cheney and Haymaker, John
year	2019
title	Parametric Analysis versus Intuition - Assessment of the effectiveness of design expertise
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 103-110
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.103
summary	This paper explores through professional case studies how design solutions produced by expert teams compares to those developed through systematic parametric analysis. While the expert intuition of either single designer or teams helps to rapidly identify relevant aspects of the design problem and produce viable solutions, it has limitation to address multi-criteria design problems with conflicting objectives and searching for design alternatives. On the other hand, parametric analysis techniques in combination with data analysis methods helps to construct and analyze large design spaces of potential design solutions. For the purpose of this study, the specifications of geometric features and material properties of the building envelopes proposed by the expert design teams define the base line to measure the extent of the performance improvements of two typically conflicting objectives: Daylight quality and energy consumption. The results show consistently significant performance improvement after systematic optimization.
keywords	Performance Analysis; Parametric Analysis; Design Space; Design Expertise; Optimization
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2019_172
id	caadria2019_172
authors	G. BelÃ©m, Catarina and LeitÃ£o, AntÃ³nio
year	2019
title	Conflicting Goals in Architecture - A study on Multi-Objective Optimisation
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 453-462
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.453
summary	Sustainability and economic factors are driving architectural practice towards more efficient designs. The application of optimization to the design process becomes essential to reduce the environmental footprint of buildings, as well as to reduce their costs. Building design requirements tend to be conflicting, involving the optimization of multiple goals simultaneously, which often translates to different compromises among the goals. Ideally, to make more informed and intelligent decisions, the architect should be given a set of design variations representing a heterogeneous sample of the optimal compromises one can achieve. In this paper, we discuss different approaches to find such compromises and we focus on multi-objective optimization algorithms that produce the required design variants, applying them in the context of an architectural case study.
keywords	Multi-Objective Optimization; Pareto Optimization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2019_134
id	caadria2019_134
authors	Li, Yunqin, Zhang, Jiaxin and Yu, Chuanfei
year	2019
title	Intelligent Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Complex Building Layout based on Pedestrian Flow Organization - A case study of People's Court building in Anhui, China
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 271-280
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.271
summary	The pedestrian flow of the building influences and determines the layout of the building's plan. For buildings with complex flow such as courts, airports, and stations, mixed flow line and low traffic efficiency are prone to be problems. However, the optimization of the layout of complex flow buildings usually relies on the architect's experience to judge and trials to improve. To overcome these problems, we attempt to establish a parametric model of buildings' plan (taking a typical court building as an example) with information about the different pedestrian flow and functional groups. Based on the Rhino and Grasshopper platform, we take the minimum of different pedestrian flow path length and the maximum of total spatial integration value and the minimum of total spatial entropy value as the starting point, combines pathfinding algorithm, Space Syntax and multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize space allocation. The result shows that, compared with the original scheme, the intelligent optimised scheme can reduce the spatial waste caused by improper flow organisation, effectively improve space transportation capacity and spatial organization efficiency.
keywords	Intelligent optimisation; space allocation; multi-objective optimization algorithm; Space Syntax; pathfinding algorithm
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_456
id	ecaadesigradi2019_456
authors	Pereira, In?s, Belém, Catarina and Leit?o, António
year	2019
title	Optimizing Exhibition Spaces - A Multi-Objective Approach
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 53-62
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.053
summary	Nowadays, there is a widespread awareness towards environmental issues. This is already visible in architecture by the increasing number of analysis tools that evaluate different performance criteria. However, the application of these tools is usually restricted to the final design stages, conditioning the implementation of design changes. Performance-Based Design (PBD) is an approach that addresses this limitation. Through PBD, architects integrate analysis tools since early design stages to make informed decisions regarding the performance of their designs. Since the success of PBD highly depends on the number of evaluations that can be performed, these approaches usually end up benefiting from Parametric Models (PMs), which facilitate the generation of a wide range of design variations, by simply changing the values of the parameters. Furthermore, in order to more efficiently achieve a PBD approach, architects can take advantage of the combination between PMs, analysis tools, and optimization processes. In this paper, we explore this combination to optimize an exhibition space regarding its daylight performance and the material cost of the new elements intended for that space.
keywords	Environmental Design; Algorithmic Design and Analysis; Performance-Based Design; Multi-Objective Optimization; Daylight Optimization
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_464
id	ecaadesigradi2019_464
authors	Santiago, Pedro
year	2019
title	Evolutionary Optimization of Building Facade Form for Energy and Comfort in Urban Environment through BIM and Algorithmic Modeling - A case study in Porto, Portugal
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 153-160
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.153
summary	Consolidated urban areas usually present a challenge for the sustainable design decisions for the architect. The site, orientation and surrounding built environment compromise both passive and active systems, shortening the possible optimization measures available, leaving the designer with doubts as far as efficiency is concerned.BIM methodologies and visual programming languages have opened up a very wide range of design and analysis tools allowing the architect to make informed decisions based on data extracted from the models. Nonetheless it's optimization is through a slow process of trial and error, creating a significant limitation. This paper discusses the potentialities of the use of evolutionary algorithms to generate optimized solutions for facade solar orientation. A comparison between three different evolutionary algorithms aiming for solar radiation, inside average temperature allows to conclude the best result versus time consumed. Although under similar results the multi-objective EA represents the best compromise between time and final objective on the case study chosen for the paper. The interconnectivity in real time of BIM and algorithmic modeling softwares represents an advantage for time saving sustainable design decisions.
keywords	BIM; Evolutionary Optimization; Sustainable design
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia20_148p
id	acadia20_148p
authors	Vansice, Kyle; Attraya, Rahul; Culligan, Ryan; Johnson, Benton; Sondergaard, Asbjorn; Peters, Nate
year	2020
title	Stereoform Slab
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 148-153
summary	Stereoform Slab is both a pavilion and a prototype - an exhibition for the 2019 Chicago Architectural Biennial. It is an experiment in how digital form-finding and robotics can be leveraged to rethink the future of concrete construction. Stereoform Slab examines the role of one of the most ubiquitous horizontal elements in the city - the concrete slab, also the most common element in contemporary construction. Using smarter forming systems - in this case, a ruled-surface-derived, robotic hotwire process - the Stereoform Slab prototype proved that the amount of material used and waste generated could be minimized without increasing construction complexity, by about 20% over a conventional system. Stereoform also extends the conventional concrete span (column spacing), specifically in Chicago, from 30’ to 45’. In developing a concrete forming system that affords added flexibility without increasing construction costs, it is possible to reduce embodied carbon significantly. The method allows reducing carbon in buildings that aren’t typically the subject of advanced architectural design or rigorous optimization – conventional buildings that compose a majority of our built environment, and its respective contributions to global carbon emissions. Stereoform is the result of a multi-objective design optimization process. Optimal materialization, according to the compressive/tensile physics present in beam design, was balanced against the fabrication constraints of a singularly ruled-surface, which enables fast form-making using robotic hotwire cutting. SOM and Autodesk collaborated to mirror the approach developed to optimize Stereoform slab as a pavilion, to the building scale, using the multi-objective optimization platform Refinery. Project Refinery allowed the team to create a hyper-responsive system design that could adapt to any number of varying programmatic conditions and loading patterns. The development of this approach is a crucial step in making optimization techniques flexible enough to balance the number of competing parameters in the design process available and accessible to a broader design audience within architecture and engineering.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_358
id	ecaadesigradi2019_358
authors	Cocho-Bermejo, Ana and Navarro-Mateu, Diego
year	2019
title	User-centered Responsive Sunlight Reorientation System based on Multiagent Decision-making, UDaMaS
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 695-704
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.695
summary	UDaMaS (Universal Daylight Managing System), is a user-centered responsive system for built scenarios that can reorient sunlight to improve light conditions in specific urban environments.This on-going research is based on developing more efficient energy/light supply methods through IoT (internet of things) and data mining based on the improved relationship with technology.A user centered responsive multi-agent system using norm emergence is proposed for controlling the efficiency of sunlight reoriented society of mirror robots. Society of robots will make decisions about which users to serve, depending on the users' requests through the UdaMas app.
keywords	responsive; lighting; user-centric; multi-agent system; artificial intelligence; ambient intelligence
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	cf2019_008
id	cf2019_008
authors	Han, Zhen; Ning Cao, Gang Liu and Wei Yan
year	2019
title	MOPSO for BIM: A Multi-Objective Optimization Tool Using Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm on a BIMbased Visual Programming Platform
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 39-51
summary	With the increasing applications of computational methods in the field of design optimization, intelligent metaheuristic algorithms are playing a more important role in building performance optimization. To enable the integration of optimization algorithms with Building Information Modeling (BIM), this research implemented the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm on Revit + Dynamo, which is a parametric BIM platform. A MultiObjective PSO (MOPSO) Solver has been developed in Dynamo using MATLAB and C# programming languages. The methodology of the research and the validation studies are presented in the paper. The validation studies prove the effectiveness of the MOPSO Solver for both standard optimization test functions and an optimization example of a simplified building design.
keywords	Particle Swarm Optimization, BIM, multi-objective optimization, visual programming
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	caadria2019_266
id	caadria2019_266
authors	Indraprastha, Aswin and Dwi Pranata Putra, Bima
year	2019
title	Informed Walkable City Model - Developing A Multi-Objective Optimization Model for Evaluating Walkability Concept
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 161-170
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.161
summary	This study presents an informed city analysis methodology as a tool for evaluating the concept of walkability for the existing urban area. The aim of this study was to propose an integrative approaches enable optimization of urban design element and walkability amenities under certain walkability performance criteria. The parametric methods are being developed in three stages of modeling: 1) City data modeling; 2) Walkability scores and indicators modeling; 3) Optimization model of the urban area. In the walk score algorithm, we modified three elements that determine walk score result: Walk Score Categories, Distance Decay Function and Pedestrian Friendliness Metric. We developed the customized algorithm based on the data gathered from field observation and sample interviews to normalize and define values in the walk score algorithm. The result is a parametric model to evaluate walkability concept in a certain urban area considering quantified factors that determine walkability scores. The model furthermore seeks to optimize walkability score by assessing new amenities on an existing urban area using multi-objective optimization method that produces an integrative method of urban analysis.
keywords	walkability; walk score; parametric models; multi-objective optimization; informed city analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2024_92
id	ecaade2024_92
authors	Mayor Luque, Ricardo; Beguin, Nestor; Rizvi Riaz, Sheikh; Dias, Jessica; Pandey, Sneham
year	2024
title	Multi-material Gradient Additive Manufacturing: A data-driven performative design approach to multi-materiality through robotic fabrication
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 1, pp. 381–390
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.1.381
summary	Buildings are responsible for 39% of global energy-related carbon emissions, with operational activities contributing 28% and materials and construction accounting for 11%(World Green Building Council, 2019) It is therefore vital to reconsider our reliance on fossil fuels for building materials and to develop new advanced manufacturing techniques that enable an integrated approach to material-controlled conception and production. The emergence of Multi-material Additive Manufacturing (MM-AM) technology represents a paradigm shift in producing elements with hybrid properties derived from novel and optimized solutions. Through robotic fabrication, MM-AM offers streamlined operations, reduced material usage, and innovative fabrication methods. It encompasses a plethora of methods to address diverse construction needs and integrates material gradients through data-driven analyses, challenging traditional prefabrication practices and emphasizing the current growth of machine learning algorithms in design processes. The research outlined in this paper presents an innovative approach to MM-AM gradient 3D printing through robotic fabrication, employing data-driven performative analyses enabling control over print paths for sustainable applications in both the AM industry and our built environment. The article highlights several designed prototypes from two distinct phases, demonstrating the framework's viability, implications, and constraints: a workshop dedicated to data-driven analyses in facade systems for MM-AM 3D-printed brick components, and a 3D-printed brick facade system utilizing two renewable and bio-materials—Cork sourced from recycled stoppers and Charcoal, with the potential for carbon sequestration.
keywords	Data-driven Performative design, Multi-material 3d Printing, Material Research, Fabrication-informed Material Design, Robotic Fabrication
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	acadia19_586
id	acadia19_586
authors	Mitterberger, Daniela; Derme, Tiziano
year	2019
title	Soil 3D Printing
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 586-595
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.586
summary	Despite, the innovation of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, and in spite of the existence of natural bio-materials offering notable mechanical properties, materials used for AM are not necessarily more sustainable than materials used in traditional manufacturing. Furthermore, potential material savings may be partially overshadowed by the relative toxicity of the material and binders used for AM during fabrication and post-fabrication processes, as well as the energy usage necessary for the production and processing workflow. Soil as a building material offers a cheap, sustainable alternative to non-biodegradable material systems, and new developments in earth construction show how earthen buildings can create light, progressive, and sustainable structures. Nevertheless, existing large-scale earthen construction methods can only produce highly simplified shapes with rough detailing. This research proposes to use robotic additive manufacturing processes to overcome current limitations of constructing with earth, supporting complex three-dimensional geometries, and the creation of novel organic composites. More specifically the research focuses on robotic binder-jetting with granular bio-composites and non-toxic binding agents such as hydrogels. This paper is divided into two main sections: (1) biodegradable material system, and (2) multi-move robotic process, and describes the most crucial fabrication parameters such as compaction pressure, density of binders, deposition strategies and toolpath planning as well as identifying the architectural implications of using this novel biodegradable fabrication process. The combination of soil and hydrogel as building material shows the potential of a fully reversible construction process for architectural components and foresees its potential full-scale architectural implementations.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_409
id	ecaadesigradi2019_409
authors	Ulkucu, Yigitcan and Alacam, Sema
year	2019
title	A Decision Support Framework for FLP in the Context of Industrial Facilities by the Use of BIM
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 269-278
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.269
summary	In today's industrial production environment, an effective solution to the FLP (Facility Layout Problem) plays a significant role in deciding whether a facility will hold a competitive advantage against others by its improved workflow. This advantage comes from an efficient placement of facilities, which mostly contributes to the overall business performance. In addition to that, regarding the need to answer the demands of the dynamic market, facilities need to adapt their processes and adapt their production line as quickly as possible. Therefore, a continuous search for a solution to the FLP is present. Although there are many space allocation programs available both as academic and commercial products, present approaches' availability in the BIM environment is not common yet. This paper introduces a decision support system framework which uses Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) to generate the most appropriate solution in Revit Dynamo environment both in the earlier phases of design and through the life-cycle of the facility. The proposed framework will specifically be responsible for generating solutions for equipment location in serial production facilities. As NSGA-II is a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (MOEA), a second optimization criterion is defined as the optimization of the foreman's locations distributed on the shop floor. A Dynamo package named Refinery will hold the optimization and evaluation procedures.
keywords	Facility Layout Problems; NSGA-II; Automated Space Layout
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_138
id	ecaadesigradi2019_138
authors	Kim, Yujin
year	2019
title	Bioinspired Modularity in Evolutionary Computation and a Rule-Based Logic - Design Solutions for Shared Office Space
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 341-348
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.341
summary	Evolutionary computation is a population-based problem solver that is characterized by a stochastic optimization in order to solve both a single objective and multiple objectives. Previous evolutionary computational researches provided various design options and improved optimization through being evolved with fitness criteria, especially when multiple design objectives conflict with one another. In this paper, a rule-based algorithm was combined with the evolutionary computational process to propose an assembly logic of the modules and to improve an architectural building design in order to adapt to environmental changes. Two algorithms - a rule based and generative algorithm- proceeded simultaneously and provided various options as well as optimization in real time. For the experiment set-up, existing buildings were divided into each module; the modules were reinterpreted and reassembled with the logic driven by Evolutionary Developmental Biology. The conclusion is that when a rule based logic is combined with a developmental algorithm with a modular system, it is more efficient for the design process to be analyzed, evaluated, and optimized. The ultimate outcome provides various options in a short amount of time.
keywords	Evolutionary computation; rule-based algorithm; modularity; reassembly
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	cf2019_002
id	cf2019_002
authors	De Luca, Francesco
year	2019
title	Environmental Performance-Driven Urban Design Parametric Design Method for the Integration of Daylight and Urban Comfort Analysis in Cold Climates
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 21
summary	Shape of built environment and image of cities are significantly influenced by environmental factors such as access to natural light, air temperature and wind. Adequate quantity of daylight in building interiors is important for occupant wellbeing and energy saving. In Estonia minimum quantity of daylight is required by building standards. Wind speed increased by urban environment at northern latitudes can significantly reduce pedestrian perceived temperature during winter inducing strong cold stress. This paper presents a method for the integration of parametric modeling and environmental simulations to analyze interiors and exteriors comfort of tower building cluster variations in different urban areas in Tallinn. Optimal pattern characteristics such as buildings distance and alignment favoring improvement of interiors daylight and decrease of pedestrian cold stress are presented and discussed.
keywords	Daylight, Urban Comfort, Environmental Analysis, PerformanceDriven Urban Design, Parametric Design
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	acadia19_168
id	acadia19_168
authors	Adilenidou, Yota; Ahmed, Zeeshan Yunus; Freek, Bos; Colletti, Marjan
year	2019
title	Unprintable Forms
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.168-177
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.168
summary	This paper presents a 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) experiment at the full scale of virtualarchitectural bodies developed through a computational technique based on the use of Cellular Automata (CA). The theoretical concept behind this technique is the decoding of errors in form generation and the invention of a process that would recreate the errors as a response to optimization (Adilenidou 2015). The generative design process established a family of structural and formal elements whose proliferation is guided through sets of differential grids (multi-grids) leading to the build-up of large span structures and edifices, for example, a cathedral. This tooling system is capable of producing, with specific inputs, a large number of outcomes in different scales. However, the resulting virtual surfaces could be considered as "unprintable" either due to their need of extra support or due to the presence of many cavities in the surface topology. The above characteristics could be categorized as errors, malfunctions, or undesired details in the geometry of a form that would need to be eliminated to prepare it for printing. This research project attempts to transform these "fabrication imprecisions" through new 3DCP techniques into factors of robustness of the resulting structure. The process includes the elimination of the detail / "errors" of the surface and their later reinsertion as structural folds that would strengthen the assembly. Through this process, the tangible outputs achieved fulfill design and functional requirements without compromising their structural integrity due to the manufacturing constraints.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_491
id	caadria2019_491
authors	Cai, Chenyi, Tang, Peng and Li, Biao
year	2019
title	Intelligent Generation of Architectural layout inheriting spatial features of Chinese Garden Based on Prototype and Multi-agent System - A Case Study on Lotus Teahouse in Yixing
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 291-300
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.291
summary	This study presents an approach for the intelligent generation of architectural layout, in which partial space inherits Chinese garden spatial features. The approach combines spatial prototype analysis and evolutionary optimization process. On one hand, from the perspective of shape grammar, this paper both analyzes and abstracts the spatial prototype that describes the spatial characteristics of Chinese gardens, including the organization system of architecture and landscape, with the spatial sequences along the tourism orientation. On the other hand, taking the design task of Lotus teahouse as an example, a typical spatial prototype is selected to develop the generative intelligent experiment to achieve the architectural layout, in which the spatial prototype is inherited. Through rule-making and parameter adjustment, the spatial prototype will eventually be transformed into a computational model based on the multi-agent system. Hence, the experiment of intelligent generation of architectural layout is carried out under the influence of the function, form and environmental factors; and a three-dimensional conceptual model that inherits the Chinese garden spatial prototype is obtained ultimately.
keywords	Chinese garden; Architectural layout; Spatial prototype; Multi-agent system; Intelligent generation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_218
id	ecaadesigradi2019_218
authors	Grasser, Alexander
year	2019
title	Towards an Architecture of Collaborative Objects
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 325-332
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.325
summary	Towards an Architecture of Collaborative Objects, explores the potential of playing with Collaborative Objects in real, augmented and mixed realities. A multi-player game platform App: VoxelCO, developed by the author, provides a speculative playground to research, the interaction with objects, things and people, as well as provokes new opportunities to engage deeply with its content and context. Furthermore, VoxelCO, reveals new modes of participation, to design and collaborate in real-time with augmented reality, using millennial tools: mobile devices. A case study project, the VoxelStage, offered an opportunity to apply VoxelCO to design a stage together with a group of students. To merge the collaboratively aggregated virtual objects of VoxelCO with reality, real WireCubes were augmented and assembled, proposing an architecture of socially augmented fuzzy formations.
keywords	Collaborative Objects; Augmented Reality; Realtime; Fuzzy; Play
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac201917204
id	ijac201917204
authors	Karaoglan Füsun Cemre and Sema Alaçam
year	2019
title	Design of a post-disaster shelter through soft computing
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 2, 185-205
summary	Temporary shelters become a more critical subject of architectural design as the increasing number of natural disasters taking place each year result in a larger number of people in need of urgent sheltering. Therefore, this project focuses on designing a temporary living space that can respond to the needs of different post-disaster scenarios and form a modular system through differentiation of units. When designing temporary shelters, it is a necessity to deal with the provision of materials, low-cost production and the time limit in the emergency as well as the needs of the users and the experiential quality of the space. Although computational approaches might lead to much more efficient and resilient design solutions, they have been utilized in very few examples. For that reason and due to their suitability to work with architectural design problems, soft computing methods shape the core of the methodology of the study. Initially, a digital model is generated through a set of rules that define a growth algorithm. Then, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms alter this growth algorithm while evaluating different configurations through the objective functions constructed within a Fuzzy Neural Tree. The struggle to represent design goals in the form of Fuzzy Neural Tree holds potential for the further use of it for architectural design problems centred on resilience. Resilience in this context is defined as a measure of how agile a design is when dealing with a major sheltering need in a post-disaster environment. Different from the previous studies, this article aims to focus on the design of a temporary shelter that can respond to different user types and disaster scenarios through mass customization, using Fuzzy Neural Tree as a novel approach. While serving as a temporary space, the design outcomes are expected to create a more neighbourhood-like pattern with a stronger sense of community for the users compared to the previous examples.
keywords	Humanitarian design, emergency architecture, computational design, Fuzzy Neural Tree, Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithms
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

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