Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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Reformat results as: short short into frame detailed detailed into frame

_id	acadia19_178
id	acadia19_178
authors	Doyle, Shelby Elizabeth; Hunt, Erin Linsey
year	2019
title	Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.178
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 178-187
summary	This research explores the potentials, limitations, and advantages of 3D printing watersoluble formwork for reinforced concrete applications. Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) forms and Polylactic Acid (PLA) filament with ground steel tensile reinforcement, this project explores the constraints and opportunities for architects to design and construct reinforced concrete using water soluble 3D printed formwork with embedded reinforcement. Research began with testing small PVA prints for consistency, heat of water-temperature for dissolving, and wall thickness of the printed formwork. Then, dual-extrusion desktop additive manufacturing was used as a method for creating a larger form to test the viability of translating this research into architectural scale applications. This paper describes the background research, materials, methods, fabrication process, and conclusions of this work in progress.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia19_576
id	acadia19_576
authors	García del Castillo y López, Jose Luis; Bechthold, Martin; Seibold, Zach; Mhatre, Saurabh; Alhadidi, Suleiman
year	2019
title	Janus Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.576
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 576-585
summary	The benefits of additive manufacturing technologies for the production of customized construction elements has been well documented for several decades. Multi-material additive manufacturing (MM-AM) enhances these capacities by introducing region-specific characteristics to printed objects. Several examples of the production of multi-material assemblies, including functionally-graded materials (FGMs) exist at the architectural scale, but none are known for ceramics. Factors limiting the development and application of this production method include the cost and complexity of existing MM-AM machinery, and the lack of a suitable computational workflow for the production of MM-AM ceramics, which often relies on a continuous linear toolpath. We present a method for the MM-AM of paste-based ceramics that allows for unique material expressions with relatively simple end-effector design. By borrowing methods of co-extrusion found in other industries and incorporating a 4th axis of motion into the printing process, we demonstrate a precisely controlled MM-AM deposition strategy for paste-based ceramics. We present a computational workflow for the generation of toolpaths, and describe full-body tiles and 3D artifacts that can be produced using this method. Future process refinements include the introduction of more precise control of material gradation and refinements to material composition for increased element functionality.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	caadria2019_280
id	caadria2019_280
authors	Hack, Norman, Lindemann, Hendrik and Kloft, Harald
year	2019
title	Adaptive Modular Spatial Structures for Shotcrete 3D Printing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.363
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 363-372
summary	This paper presents a modular, digital construction system for lightweight spatial structures made from reinforced concrete. For design and fabrication, a digital workflow is presented, which includes the rationalization of a freeform geometry into adaptive spatial modules made up entirely of planar components. For fast and precise fabrication, these components are 3D printed using a novel 3D concrete printing technology called "Shotcrete 3D Printing". The ongoing research is demonstrated by an initial real-scale prototype of one exemplary spatial module. Lastly, the paper provides an outlook into future research, which is necessary to make this digital construction system applicable to the real-scale construction of large, wide-spanning structures.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication; Digital Construction Systems; Shotcrete 3D Printing; Modular Structures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2019_399
id	caadria2019_399
authors	Houda, Maryam and Dias-da-Costa, Daniel
year	2019
title	Data Informed Branch Typologies for Structurally Optimised Curvilinear Surfaces - 3D Printed Mesh Density System (MDS) as Formwork for Concrete Shell Structures.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.401
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 401-410
summary	This research sheds light on the advancement of additive fabrication and its relevance to the construction of curvilinear surfaces. The Mesh Density System (MDS) explored in this paper, is a novel 3D printed dual formwork and reinforcement system for free-form complex concrete geometries. It offers an alternate method to current formwork systems, essentially for thin shell structures. By using multi-cellular distribution and optimised branch structural arrangements, the system optimises form and concrete flow.
keywords	Additive Fabrication; Concrete Shells; Evolutionary Algorithms; Permanent Formwork; Structural Optimisation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	cf2019_057
id	cf2019_057
authors	Kim, Haeyeon and Ju Hong Park
year	2019
title	The design and implementation of a large-scale 3D Printing system with tensegrity and cable-suspended parallel robotic system
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, pp. 473-484
summary	In this paper, a novel design of 3D printing system is presented. We proposed a large-scale 3D printing system with tensegrity structure and cablesuspended parallel robotic system(CPR). It has an advantage in the construction field, especially for building habitats in extreme environment such as Mars. Compare to a currently used 3D printer, and it has lightweight and a wide range of workspace. We implemented a 3D printer with CPR and tensegrity framework. The project is an initiation of a long-term research; accordingly, this paper limits its work scope by demonstrating the 3D printability of the system with CPR and developing a tensegrity framework. To validate 3D printability, we independently tested two scenarios. One is a table-size 3D printing validation as a fast prototype, and the other one is a small building-size 3D printing for testing large-scale 3D printability. As a validation, we used an LED bulb attached on a 3D printer head to trace its movements in workspace. We illustrate that the use of CPR is highly effective and scalable system for a large-scale 3D printing; additionally, tensegrity could be an effective alternative for its structural framework.
keywords	Digital Fabrication, 3D Printing, Tensegrity, Cable-Suspended Parallel Robotics
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_389
id	ecaadesigradi2019_389
authors	Mohite, Ashish, Kochneva, Mariia and Kotnik, Toni
year	2019
title	Speed of Deposition - Vehicle for structural and aesthetic expression in CAM
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.729
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 729-738
summary	This paper presents intermediate results of an experimental research directed towards development of a method that uses additive manufacturing technology as a generative agent in architectural design process. The primary technique is to variate speed of material deposition of a 3D printer in order to produce undetermined textural effects. These effects demonstrate local variation of material distribution, which is treated as a consequence of interaction between machining parameters and material properties. Current stage of inquiry is concerned with studying the impact of these textural artefacts on structure. Experiments demonstrate that manipulating distribution of matter locally results in more optimal structural performance, it solves printability issues of overhanging geometry without the need for additional supports and provides variation to the surface. The research suggests aesthetic and structural benefits of applying the developed method for mass-customized fabrication. It questions the linear thinking that is predominant in the field of 3D printing and provides an approach that articulates interaction between digital and material logics as it directs the formation of an object that is informed by both.
keywords	digital fabrication; digital craft; texture; ceramic 3D printing
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia19_168
id	acadia19_168
authors	Adilenidou, Yota; Ahmed, Zeeshan Yunus; Freek, Bos; Colletti, Marjan
year	2019
title	Unprintable Forms
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.168
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp.168-177
summary	This paper presents a 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) experiment at the full scale of virtualarchitectural bodies developed through a computational technique based on the use of Cellular Automata (CA). The theoretical concept behind this technique is the decoding of errors in form generation and the invention of a process that would recreate the errors as a response to optimization (Adilenidou 2015). The generative design process established a family of structural and formal elements whose proliferation is guided through sets of differential grids (multi-grids) leading to the build-up of large span structures and edifices, for example, a cathedral. This tooling system is capable of producing, with specific inputs, a large number of outcomes in different scales. However, the resulting virtual surfaces could be considered as "unprintable" either due to their need of extra support or due to the presence of many cavities in the surface topology. The above characteristics could be categorized as errors, malfunctions, or undesired details in the geometry of a form that would need to be eliminated to prepare it for printing. This research project attempts to transform these "fabrication imprecisions" through new 3DCP techniques into factors of robustness of the resulting structure. The process includes the elimination of the detail / "errors" of the surface and their later reinsertion as structural folds that would strengthen the assembly. Through this process, the tangible outputs achieved fulfill design and functional requirements without compromising their structural integrity due to the manufacturing constraints.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2019_660
id	caadria2019_660
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania, Giesecke, Rena and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	3D Printing Sand Molds for Casting Bespoke Metal Connections - Digital Metal: Additive Manufacturing for Cast Metal Joints in Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.133
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 133-142
summary	Metal joints play a relevant role in space frame constructions, being responsible for large amount of the overall material and fabrication cost. Space frames which are constructed with standardized metal joints are constrained to repetitive structures and topologies. For customized space frames, the fabrication of individual metal joints still remains a challenge. Traditional fabrication methods such as sand casting are labour intensive, while direct 3D metal printing is too expensive and slow for the large volumes needed in architecture.This research investigates the use of Binder Jetting technology to 3D print sand molds for casting bespoke metal joints in architecture. Using this approach, a large number of custom metal joints can be fabricated economically in short time. By automating the generation of the joint geometry and the corresponding mold system, an efficient digital process chain from design to fabrication is established. Several design studies for cast metal joints are presented. The approach is successfully tested on the example of a full scale space frame structure incorporating almost two hundred custom aluminum joints.
keywords	3D printing; binder jetting; sand casting; metal joints; metal casting; space frame; digital fabrication; computational design; lightweight; customization
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia19_596
id	acadia19_596
authors	Anton, Ana; Yoo, Angela; Bedarf, Patrick; Reiter, Lex; Wangler, Timothy; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2019
title	Vertical Modulations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.596
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 596-605
summary	The context of digital fabrication allows architects to reinvestigate material, process and the design decisions they entail to explore novel expression in architecture. This demands a new approach to design thinking, as well as the relevant tools to couple the form of artefacts with the process in which they are made. This paper presents a customised computational design tool developed for exploring the novel design space of Concrete Extrusion 3D Printing (CE3DP), enabling a reinterpretation of the concrete column building typology. This tool allows the designer to access generative engines such as trigonometric functions and mesh subdivision through an intuitive graphical user interface. Balancing process efficiency as understood by our industry with a strong design focus, we aim to articulate the unique architectural qualities inherent to CE3DP, energising much needed innovation in concrete technology.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cf2019_054
id	cf2019_054
authors	Bae, Jiyoon and Daekwon Park
year	2019
title	Weeping Brick The Modular Living Wall System Using 3D Printed Porous Ceramic Materials
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 437
summary	The goal of this research is to design and fabricate a modular living wall brick system that purifies and cools air for various indoor environments. The research utilizes ceramic 3d printing techniques for fabrication; and living plants in conjunction with evaporative cooling techniques for indoor air quality control. The brick is made of soil which become porous after firing or drying. Water from the reservoirs slowly weep through the porous brick, creating a layer of water on the surface of the brick. The air movement around the saturated brick creates evaporative cooling and the hydro-seeded plants absorb water from the surface. The shape and texture of the Weeping Brick maximizes the cooling effect via large surface area. As an aggregated wall system, the water circulates from unit to unit by gravity through interconnected reservoirs embedded within each unit. The plants and moss transform the Weeping Brick into a living wall system, purifying and conditioning the indoor air.
keywords	Living Wall System, Modular Brick, Ceramic 3D Printing, Evaporative Cooling
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_592
id	ecaadesigradi2019_592
authors	Carvalho, Jo?o, Figueiredo, Bruno and Cruz, Paulo
year	2019
title	Free-form Ceramic Vault System - Taking ceramic additive manufacturing to real scale
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.485
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 485-492
summary	The use of Additive Manufacturing (AM) for the production of architectural components has more and more examples attesting the possibilities and the advantages of its application. At the same time we seen a fast grow of the usage of ceramic materials to produce fully customised architectural components using Layer Deposition Modelling (LDM) [1] techniques. However, the use of this material, as paste, leads to a series of constraints relative to its behaviour when in the viscous state, but also in the drying and firing stages. Thus, when ceramic dries, the retraction effects may be a barrier to the regular use of this material to build future architectural systems. In this sense, it is important to study the material behaviour and know how to control and use it as a primary construction material. To do that we present the challenges and outcomes of project Hexashade, a ceramic vault shading system prototype whose geometry and internal structure is defined according to the solar incidence. This paper explain how we expect to build a real scale self-supporting prototype.
keywords	Ceramic 3D printing; Additive Manufacturing; Vaulting Systems; Parametric Design; Performative Design
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cdrf2023_526
id	cdrf2023_526
authors	Eric Peterson, Bhavleen Kaur
year	2023
title	Printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic Multi-Bias Additive Manufacturing
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8405-3_44
source	Proceedings of the 2023 DigitalFUTURES The 5st International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2023)
summary	A research team at Florida International University Robotics and Digital Fabrication Lab has developed a novel method for 3d-printing curved open grid core sandwich structures using a thermoplastic extruder mounted on a robotic arm. This print-on-print additive manufacturing (AM) method relies on the 3d modeling software Rhinoceros and its parametric software plugin Grasshopper with Kuka-Parametric Robotic Control (Kuka-PRC) to convert NURBS surfaces into multi-bias additive manufacturing (MBAM) toolpaths. While several high-profile projects including the University of Stuttgart ICD/ITKE Research Pavilions 2014–15 and 2016–17, ETH-Digital Building Technologies project Levis Ergon Chair 2018, and 3D printed chair using Robotic Hybrid Manufacturing at Institute of Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) 2019, have previously demonstrated the feasibility of 3d printing with either MBAM or sandwich structures, this method for printing Compound-Curved Sandwich Structures with Robotic MBAM combines these methods offering the possibility to significantly reduce the weight of spanning or cantilevered surfaces by incorporating the structural logic of open grid-core sandwiches with MBAM toolpath printing. Often built with fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), sandwich structures are a common solution for thin wall construction of compound curved surfaces that require a high strength-to-weight ratio with applications including aerospace, wind energy, marine, automotive, transportation infrastructure, architecture, furniture, and sports equipment manufacturing. Typical practices for producing sandwich structures are labor intensive, involving a multi-stage process including (1) the design and fabrication of a mould, (2) the application of a surface substrate such as FRP, (3) the manual application of a light-weight grid-core material, and (4) application of a second surface substrate to complete the sandwich. There are several shortcomings to this moulded manufacturing method that affect both the formal outcome and the manufacturing process: moulds are often costly and labor intensive to build, formal geometric freedom is limited by the minimum draft angles required for successful removal from the mould, and customization and refinement of product lines can be limited by the need for moulds. While the most common material for this construction method is FRP, our proof-of-concept experiments relied on low-cost thermoplastic using a specially configured pellet extruder. While the method proved feasible for small representative examples there remain significant challenges to the successful deployment of this manufacturing method at larger scales that can only be addressed with additional research. The digital workflow includes the following steps: (1) Create a 3D digital model of the base surface in Rhino, (2) Generate toolpaths for laminar printing in Grasshopper by converting surfaces into lists of oriented points, (3) Generate the structural grid-core using the same process, (4) Orient the robot to align in the direction of the substructure geometric planes, (5) Print the grid core using MBAM toolpaths, (6) Repeat step 1 and 2 for printing the outer surface with appropriate adjustments to the extruder orientation. During the design and printing process, we encountered several challenges including selecting geometry suitable for testing, extruder orientation, calibration of the hot end and extrusion/movement speeds, and deviation between the computer model and the physical object on the build platen. Physical models varied from their digital counterparts by several millimeters due to material deformation in the extrusion and cooling process. Real-time deviation verification studies will likely improve the workflow in future studies.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2024/05/29 14:04

_id	ecaade2022_247
id	ecaade2022_247
authors	Güntepe, Rahma
year	2022
title	Building with Expanded Cork - A novel monolithic building structure
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2022.1.029
source	Pak, B, Wurzer, G and Stouffs, R (eds.), Co-creating the Future: Inclusion in and through Design - Proceedings of the 40th Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2022) - Volume 1, Ghent, 13-16 September 2022, pp. 29–36
summary	This research presents the development of a construction system for a solid expanded cork building envelope. The inspiration for this research is the “Cork House” built in 2019 by Matthew Barnett Howland and Oliver Wilton, who developed a Cork Construction Kit for a monolithic dry-jointed cork structure. The goal of this research is to analyze and develop different varieties of construction methods for a dry-joined cork building by combining and applying traditional masonry techniques. The objective is to generate a material-based design for cork construction elements trough prototyping and using a selection of digital tools such as 3D modeling and 3D printing. Expanded cork is a 100% plant-based material which, if applied correctly, has the capacity to be used as a load bearing, insulating and protective structure all at once. It has almost no environmental impact and is completely compostable. To maintain the material's compostable property, this construction system has to be developed without any kind of binders or mortar. Additionally, this more reduced and simplified form of construction will not only make it possible to build without any specific expertise, but at the same time ensure resources to be reused or composted at the end of building life.
keywords	Expanded Cork, Cork, Material-Based Design, Masonry, Stereotomy, 3D Modeling, 3D Printing, Sustainable Material, Dry-Joint Construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/04/22 07:10

_id	acadia19_448
id	acadia19_448
authors	Hahm, Soomeen
year	2019
title	Augmented Craftsmanship
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.448
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 448-457
summary	Over the past decade, we have witnessed rapid advancements on both practical and theoretical levels in regard to automated construction as a consequence of increasing sophistication of digital fabrication technologies such as robotics, 3D printing, etc. However, digital fabrication technology is often very limited when it comes to dealing with delicate and complex crafting processes. Although digital fabrication processes have become widely accessible and utilized across industries in recent times, there are still a number of fabrication techniques—which heavily rely on human labour—due to the complex nature of procedures and delicacy of materials. With this in mind, we need to ask ourselves if full automation is truly an ultimate goal, or if we need to (re)consider the role of humans in the architectural construction chain, as automation becomes more prevalent. We propose rethinking the role which human, machine, and computer have in construction— occupying the territory between purely automated, exclusively robotically-driven fabrication and highly crafted processes requiring human labour. This is to propose an alternative to reducing construction to fully automated assembly of simplified/discretized building parts, by appreciating physical properties of materials and nature of crafting processes. The research proposes a design-to-construction workflow pursued and enabled by augmented humans using AR devices. As a result, proposed workflows are tested on three prototypical inhabitable structure, aiming to be applicable to other projects in the near future, and to bridge the gap between purely automated construction processes on one hand, and craft-based, material-driven but labour-intensive processes on the other.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cf2019_004
id	cf2019_004
authors	Kim, Jinsung; Jaeyeol Song and Jin-Kook Lee
year	2019
title	Recognizing and Classifying Unknown Object in BIM using 2D CNN
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 23
summary	This paper aims to propose an approach to automated classifying building element instance in BIM using deep learning-based 3D object classification algorithm. Recently, studies related to checking or validating engine of BIM object for ensuring data integrity of BIM instances are getting attention. As a part of this research, this paper train recognition models that are targeted at basic building element and interior element using 3D object recognition technique that uses images of objects as inputs. Object recognition is executed in two stages; 1) class of object (e.g. wall, window, seating furniture, toilet fixture and etc.), 2) sub-type of specific classes (e.g. Toilet or Urinal). Using the trained models, BIM plug-in prototype is developed and the performance of this AI-based approach with test BIM model is checked. We expect this recognition approach to help ensure the integrity of BIM data and contribute to the practical use of BIM.
keywords	3D object classification, Building element, Building information modeling, Data integrity, Interior element
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:08

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_408
id	ecaadesigradi2019_408
authors	Lohse, Theresa and Werner, Liss C.
year	2019
title	Semi-flexible Additive Manufacturing Materials for Modularization Purposes - A modular assembly proposal for a foam edge-based spatial framework
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.463
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 463-470
summary	This paper introduces a series of design and fabrication tests directed towards the use of bendable 3D printing materials in order to simplify a foam bubble-based geometry as a frame structure for modular assembly. The aspiration to reference a spittlebug's bubble cocoon in nature for a light installation in the urban context was integrated into a computational workflow conditioning light-weight, material-, and cost savings along with assembly-simplicity. Firstly, before elaborating on the project motivation and background in foam structures and applications of 3D-printed thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) material, this paper describes the physical nature of bubble foams in its relevant aspects. Subsequently this is implemented into the parametric design process for an optimized foam structure with Grasshopper clarifying the need for flexible materials to enhance modular feasibility. Following, the additive manufacturing iterations of the digitally designed node components with TPU are presented and evaluated. Finally, after the test assembly of both components is depicted, this paper assesses the divergence between natural foams and the case study structure with respect to self-organizing behavior.
keywords	digital fabrication; 3D Printing; TPU flexibility ; modularity; optimization
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	acadia20_176p
id	acadia20_176p
authors	Lok, Leslie; Zivkovic, Sasa
year	2020
title	Ashen Cabin
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 176-181
summary	Ashen Cabin, designed by HANNAH, is a small building 3D-printed from concrete and clothed in a robotically fabricated envelope made of irregular ash wood logs. From the ground up, digital design and fabrication technologies are intrinsic to the making of this architectural prototype, facilitating fundamentally new material methods, tectonic articulations, forms of construction, and architectural design languages. Ashen Cabin challenges preconceived notions about material standards in wood. The cabin utilizes wood infested by the Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) for its envelope, which, unfortunately, is widely considered as ‘waste’. At present, the invasive EAB threatens to eradicate most of the 8.7 billion ash trees in North America (USDA, 2019). Due to their challenging geometries, most infested ash trees cannot be processed by regular sawmills and are therefore regarded as unsuitable for construction. Infested and dying ash trees form an enormous and untapped material resource for sustainable wood construction. By implementing high precision 3D scanning and robotic fabrication, the project upcycles Emerald-Ash-Borer-infested ‘waste wood’ into an abundantly available, affordable, and morbidly sustainable building material for the Anthropocene. Using a KUKA KR200/2 with a custom 5hp band saw end effector at the Cornell Robotic Construction Laboratory (RCL), the research team can saw irregular tree logs into naturally curved boards of various and varying thicknesses. The boards are arrayed into interlocking SIP façade panels, and by adjusting the thickness of the bandsaw cut, the robotically carved timber boards can be assembled as complex single curvature surfaces or double-curvature surfaces. The undulating wooden surfaces accentuate the building’s program and yet remain reminiscent of the natural log geometry which they are derived from. The curvature of the wood is strategically deployed to highlight moments of architectural importance such as windows, entrances, roofs, canopies, or provide additional programmatic opportunities such as integrated shelving, desk space, or storage.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	cf2019_049
id	cf2019_049
authors	Lu, Heng; Chen Liu, Daekwon Park, Guohua Ji and Ziyu Tong
year	2019
title	Pneumatic Origami Joints A 3D Printed Flexible Joint
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 432
summary	This paper describes the design and fabrication process of an adaptive joint using foldable 3D printed structures encased in heat-sealed synthetic polymer films (e.g. airtight plastic casing). The proposed joint can be pneumatically actuated using the airtight casing, and the shape of the deformation can be controlled using origami-inspired 3D printed structures. A zigzag-gap microstructure is designed for the connection portion of the origami structure inside the joint, in order that the rigid 3D printed material (PLA) acquires properties of mollusk material, such as flexibility and softness. Finally, the paper presents some applications adopting pneumatic origami joints which can interact with people or adapting indoor environment, and compares the advantages of this pneumatic technology with mechanical technology.
keywords	3D printing · Adaptive joint · Pneumatic architecture · Origami structure
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:18

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