Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaadesigradi2019_414
id	ecaadesigradi2019_414
authors	Costa Lima, Mariana, Cardoso, Daniel and Freitas, Clarissa
year	2019
title	Informal Settlements and City Information Modeling - Producing data to inform land use regulation in Fortaleza-Brazil
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.323
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 323-332
summary	In recent years, several advances have occurred concerning the legitimacy of precarious informal settlements in Brazil. In spite of this progress in the legal dimension, little has been made concerning standards to ensure urban space quality. The difficulties of reversing this exclusionary logic are due to several complex factors. A factor less discussed, especially in the national literature, but that has begun to draw the attention of scholars, is the invisibility of the informal city. This research assumes that it is necessary to regulate the urban form of precarious informal settlements, in order to prevent the deterioration of urban environmental quality. We highlight the importance to compile data about their urban form and their built environment, in order to contribute to a reality-based regulatory policy for these settlements, and this is the primary purpose of this study. To address this question, we propose a method of measuring the settlements' urban form, based on the City Information Modeling's theorical and practical framework, which is applied to a case study in Fortaleza, Brazil.
keywords	Informal settlements; City Information Modeling; Urban regulation; ZEIS Bom Jardim
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_339
id	ecaadesigradi2019_339
authors	Kinugawa, Hina and Takizawa, Atsushi
year	2019
title	Deep Learning Model for Predicting Preference of Space by Estimating the Depth Information of Space using Omnidirectional Images
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.061
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 61-68
summary	In this study, we developed a method for generating omnidirectional depth images from corresponding omnidirectional RGB images of streetscapes by learning each pair of omnidirectional RGB and depth images created by computer graphics using pix2pix. Then, the models trained with different series of images shot under different site and weather conditions were applied to Google street view images to generate depth images. The validity of the generated depth images was then evaluated visually. In addition, we conducted experiments to evaluate Google street view images using multiple participants. We constructed a model that estimates the evaluation value of these images with and without the depth images using the learning-to-rank method with deep convolutional neural network. The results demonstrate the extent to which the generalization performance of the streetscape evaluation model changes depending on the presence or absence of depth images.
keywords	Omnidirectional image; depth image; Unity; Google street view; pix2pix; RankNet
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2019_413
id	caadria2019_413
authors	Ahrens, Chandler, Chamberlain, Roger, Mitchell, Scott, Barnstorff, Adam and Gelbard, Joshua
year	2019
title	Controlling Daylight Reflectance with Cyber-physical Systems
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.433
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 433-442
summary	Cyber-physical systems increasingly inform and alter the perception of atmospheric conditions within interior environments. The Catoptric Surface research project uses computation and robotics to precisely control the location of reflected daylight through a building envelope to form an image-based pattern of light on the building interior's surfaces. In an attempt to amplify or reduce spatial perception, the daylighting reflected onto architectural surfaces within a built environment generates atmospheric effects. The modification of light patterns mapped onto existing or new surfaces enables the perception of space to not rely on form alone. The mapping of a new pattern that is independent of architectural surfaces creates a visual effect of a formless atmosphere and holds the potential to affect the way people interact with the space. People need different amounts and quality of daylight depending on physiological differences due to age or the types of tasks they perform. This research argues for an informed luminous and atmospheric environment that is relative both to the user and more conceptual architectural aspirations of spatial perception controlled by a cyber-physical robotic faÃ§ade system.
keywords	Contextual; Computation
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2021_203
id	ecaade2021_203
authors	Arora, Hardik, Bielski, Jessica, Eisenstadt, Viktor, Langenhan, Christoph, Ziegler, Christoph, Althoff, Klaus-Dieter and Dengel, Andreas
year	2021
title	Consistency Checker - An automatic constraint-based evaluator for housing spatial configurations
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.351
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 351-358
summary	The gradual rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and its increasing visibility among many research disciplines affected Computer-Aided Architectural Design (CAAD). Architectural deep learning (DL) approaches are being developed and published on a regular basis, such as retrieval (Sharma et al. 2017) or design style manipulation (Newton 2019; Silvestre et al. 2016). However, there seems to be no method to evaluate highly constrained spatial configurations for specific architectural domains (such as housing or office buildings) based on basic architectural principles and everyday practices. This paper introduces an automatic constraint-based consistency checker to evaluate the coherency of semantic spatial configurations of housing construction using a small set of design principles to evaluate our DL approaches. The consistency checker informs about the overall performance of a spatial configuration followed by whether it is open/closed and the constraints it didn't satisfy. This paper deals with the relation of spaces processed as mathematically formalized graphs contrary to existing model checking software like Solibri.
keywords	model checking, building information modeling, deep learning, data quality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac201917103
id	ijac201917103
authors	Bejarano, Andres; and Christoph Hoffmann
year	2019
title	A generalized framework for designing topological interlocking configurations
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 17 - no. 1, 53-73
summary	A topological interlocking configuration is an arrangement of pieces shaped in such a way that the motion of any piece is blocked by its neighbors. A variety of interlocking configurations have been proposed for convex pieces that are arranged in a planar space. Published algorithms for creating a topological interlocking configuration start from a tessellation of the plane (e.g. squares colored as a checkerboard). For each square S of one color, a plane P through each edge E is considered, tilted by a given angle ? against the tessellated plane. This induces a face F supported by P and limited by other such planes nearby. Note that E is interior to the face. By adjacency, the squares of the other color have similarly delimiting faces. This algorithm generates a topological interlocking configuration of tetrahedra or antiprisms. When checked for correctness (i.e. for no overlap), it rests on the tessellation to be of squares. If the tessellation consists of rectangles, then the algorithm fails. If the tessellation is irregular, then the tilting angle is not uniform for each edge and must be determined, in the worst case, by trial and error. In this article, we propose a method for generating topological interlocking configurations in one single iteration over the tessellation or mesh using a height value and a center point type for each tile as parameters. The required angles are a function of the given height and selected center; therefore, angle choices are not required as an initial input. The configurations generated using our method are compared against the configurations generated using the angle-choice approach. The results show that the proposed method maintains the alignment of the pieces and preserves the co-planarity of the equatorial sections of the pieces. Furthermore, the proposed method opens a path of geometric analysis for topological interlocking configurations based on non-planar tessellations.
keywords	Topological interlocking, surface tessellation, irregular geometry, parametric design, convex assembly
series	journal
email
last changed	2019/08/07 14:04

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_110
id	ecaadesigradi2019_110
authors	Bernal, Marcelo, Marshall, Tyrone, Okhoya, Victor, Chen, Cheney and Haymaker, John
year	2019
title	Parametric Analysis versus Intuition - Assessment of the effectiveness of design expertise
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.103
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 103-110
summary	This paper explores through professional case studies how design solutions produced by expert teams compares to those developed through systematic parametric analysis. While the expert intuition of either single designer or teams helps to rapidly identify relevant aspects of the design problem and produce viable solutions, it has limitation to address multi-criteria design problems with conflicting objectives and searching for design alternatives. On the other hand, parametric analysis techniques in combination with data analysis methods helps to construct and analyze large design spaces of potential design solutions. For the purpose of this study, the specifications of geometric features and material properties of the building envelopes proposed by the expert design teams define the base line to measure the extent of the performance improvements of two typically conflicting objectives: Daylight quality and energy consumption. The results show consistently significant performance improvement after systematic optimization.
keywords	Performance Analysis; Parametric Analysis; Design Space; Design Expertise; Optimization
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2023_138
id	ecaade2023_138
authors	Crolla, Kristof and Wong, Nichol
year	2023
title	Catenary Wooden Roof Structures: Precedent knowledge for future algorithmic design and construction optimisation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.1.611
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 1, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 611–620
summary	The timber industry is expanding, including construction wood product applications such as glue-laminated wood products (R. Sikkema et al., 2023). To boost further utilisation of engineered wood products in architecture, further development and optimisation of related tectonic systems is required. Integration of digital design technologies in this endeavour presents opportunities for a more performative and spatially diverse architecture production, even in construction contexts typified by limited means and/or resources. This paper reports on historic precedent case study research that informs an ongoing larger study focussing on novel algorithmic methods for the design and production of lightweight, large-span, catenary glulam roof structures. Given their structural operation in full tension, catenary-based roof structures substantially reduce material needs when compared with those relying on straight beams (Wong and Crolla, 2019). Yet, the manufacture of their non-standard geometries typically requires costly bespoke hardware setups, having resulted in recent projects trending away from the more spatially engaging geometric experiments of the second half of the 20th century. The study hypothesis that the evolutionary design optimisation of this tectonic system has the potential to re-open and expand its practically available design solution space. This paper covers the review of a range of built projects employing catenary glulam roof system, starting from seminal historic precedents like the Festival Hall for the Swiss National Exhibition EXPO 1964 (A. Lozeron, Swiss, 1964) and the Wilkhahn Pavilions (Frei Otto, Germany, 1987), to contemporary examples, including the Grandview Heights Aquatic Centre (HCMA Architecture + Design, Canada, 2016). It analysis their structural concept, geometric and spatial complexity, fabrication and assembly protocols, applied construction detailing solutions, and more, with as aim to identify methods, tools, techniques, and construction details that can be taken forward in future research aimed at minimising construction complexity. Findings from this precedent study form the basis for the evolutionary-algorithmic design and construction method development that is part of the larger study. By expanding the tectonic system’s practically applicable architecture design solution space and facilitating architects’ access to a low-tech producible, spatially versatile, lightweight, eco-friendly, wooden roof structure typology, this study contributes to environmentally sustainable building.
keywords	Precedent Studies, Light-weight architecture, Timber shell, Catenary, Algorithmic Optimisation, Glue-laminated timber
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_176
id	ecaadesigradi2019_176
authors	Giantini, Guilherme, Negris de Souza, Larissa, Turczyn, Daniel and Celani, Gabriela
year	2019
title	Environmental Ceramics - Merging the digital and the physical in the design of a performance -based facade system
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.2.749
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 2, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 749-758
summary	Environmental comfort and space occupancy are essential considerations in architectural design process. Façade systems deeply impact both aspects but are usually standardized. However, performance-based facade systems tackle these issues through computational design to devise non-homogeneous elements. This work proposes a ceramic facade system designed according to a performance-based process grounded on environmental analysis and parametric design to allow adaptation and geometric variation according to specific building demands on environmental comfort and functionality. In this process, the Design Science Research method guided the exploration of both design and evaluation, bridging the gap between theory and practice. Positive facade environmental performance were found from digital and physical models assessment in terms of radiation, illuminance, dampness (with ventilation) and temperature. Computational processes minimized radiation inside the building while maximized illuminance. Their association influenced on operative temperature, which dropped according to local dampness and material absorption. Accordingly, this design process associates not only environmental comfort and functionality concepts but also adaptability, flexibility, mass customization, personal fabrication, additive manufacturing concepts, being an example architectural design changes in the 4th Industrial Revolution.
keywords	sustainable design; facade system; computational design; environmental analysis; evolutionary algorithm
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2019_637
id	caadria2019_637
authors	Han, Dongchen, Zhang, Hong, Cui, Weiwen and Huang, Jie
year	2019
title	Towards to a Hybrid Model-Making Method based on Translations between Physical and Digital Models - A case study of the freeform architectural design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.2.561
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 561-570
summary	The extensive applications of digital models might decrease the capacity of physical model-making for perceptual thinking and enlarge the gap between architects and physical space with limited visual experience. This study aims to propose a reverse process for realizing translations between physical and digital model-making methods from which architects could maximize their initial ideas in conceptual design while allowing for rational digitalization in the detailed design. A review of Reverse Engineering architectural applications is presented and the hybrid method is proposed and examined in a freeform design case. The research shows that in the first translation phase, from handmade physical models to parametric digital models, freeform geometry could be better parameterized in a low degree of deformation based on photogrammetry. Meanwhile, in the second translation phase, from detailed digital models to large-scale physical models, the digitally-driven fabrication could be applied more precisely and automatically based on error handling by 3D laser scanning. Moreover, the process and algorithms developed for the hybrid model-making method indicate the possibility of being applied to further freeform architectural design cases.
keywords	Physical models; Digital models; RE technologies; Freeform design; Accuracy
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	acadia19_438
id	acadia19_438
authors	Jahn, Gwyllim; Wit, Andrew John; Pazzi, James
year	2019
title	[BENT]
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.438
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 438-447
summary	Over the past two decades, advances in computation, digital fabrication, and robotics have opened up new avenues for the design and production of complex forms, emergent processes, as well as new levels of efficiency. Many of these methods, however, tend to focus on a specific tool, such as the industrial robotic arm. Due to their initial costs and space/power/safety requirements, difficulties associated in creating automated workflows and custom tooling, as well as the need for reliable/repeatable procedures, these tools are often out of reach for the average designer or design institution. Additionally, these tools are typically treated as methods of production rather than collaborators, leaving outcomes that can feel void of craft, with the appearance of a typical CNC-machined object. Rather than focusing on a specific production tool for manufacturing, this paper investigates a novel method for holographic handcraft-based production. This holographic augmentation—of simple and easily attainable analog tool sets—allows for the creation of extremely complex forms with high levels of precision in extremely short time frames. Through the lens of the recently completed steam-bent timber installation [BENT] produced at the Tyler School of Art, this paper discusses how Microsoft HoloLens in conjunction with the Fologram software plug-in can be integrated into the entirety of design and production processes as a means of producing a new typology of digital craft.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_117
id	ecaadesigradi2019_117
authors	Kido, Daiki, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2019
title	Development of a Semantic Segmentation System for Dynamic Occlusion Handling in Mixed Reality for Landscape Simulation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.641
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 641-648
summary	The use of mixed reality (MR) for landscape simulation has attracted attention recently. MR can produce a realistic landscape simulation by merging a three-dimensional computer graphic (3DCG) model of a new building on a real space. One challenge with MR that remains to be tackled is occlusion. Properly handling occlusion is important for the understanding of the spatial relationship between physical and virtual objects. When the occlusion targets move or the target's shape changes, depth-based methods using a special camera have been applied for dynamic occlusion handling. However, these methods have a limitation of the distance to obtain depth information and are unsuitable for outdoor landscape simulation. This study focuses on a dynamic occlusion handling method for MR-based landscape simulation. We developed a real-time semantic segmentation system to perform dynamic occlusion handling. We designed this system for use in mobile devices with client-server communication for real-time semantic segmentation processing in mobile devices. Additionally, we used a normal monocular camera for practice use.
keywords	Mixed Reality; Dynamic occlusion handling; Semantic segmentation; Deep learning; Landscape simulation
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia19_664
id	acadia19_664
authors	Koshelyuk, Daniil; Talaei, Ardeshir; Garivani, Soroush; Markopoulou, Areti; Chronis, Angelo; Leon, David Andres; Krenmuller, Raimund
year	2019
title	Alive
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2019.664
source	ACADIA 19:UBIQUITY AND AUTONOMY [Proceedings of the 39th Annual Conference of the Association for Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-59179-7] (The University of Texas at Austin School of Architecture, Austin, Texas 21-26 October, 2019) pp. 664-673
summary	In the context of data-driven culture, built space still maintains low responsiveness and adaptability. Part of this reality lies in the low resolution of live information we have about the behavior and condition of surfaces and materials. This research addresses this issue by exploring the development of a deformation-sensing composite membrane material system following a bottom-up approach and combining various technologies toward solving related technical issues—exploring conductivity properties of graphene and maximizing utilization within an architecture-related proof-of-concept scenario and a workflow including design, fabrication, and application methodology. Introduced simulation of intended deformation helps optimize the pattern of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) to maximize membrane sensitivity to a specific deformation type while minimizing material usage. Research explores various substrate materials and graphene incorporation methods with initial geometric exploration. Finally, research introduces data collection and machine learning techniques to train recognition of certain types of deformation (single point touch) on resistance changes. The final prototype demonstrates stable and symmetric readings of resistance in a static state and, after training, exhibits an 88% prediction accuracy of membrane shape on a labeled sample data-set through a pre-trained neural network. The proposed framework consisting of a simulation based, graphene-capturing fabrication method on stretchable surfaces, and includes initial exploration in neural network training shape detection, which combined, demonstrate an advanced approach to embedding intelligence.
series	ACADIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_652
id	ecaadesigradi2019_652
authors	Lee, Hyunsoo, Kim, Daseul and Hwang, Jihyoun
year	2019
title	Color Harmony Integration-driven Design Process for Aesthetic Village
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.1.757
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 1, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 757-764
summary	This paper describes the color design process of the house in the village. The color design process proposed in this paper constitutes design stages such as color selection, color application, and color design analysis and evaluation. In the color selection step, a method of arranging colors using a color pallet or a color scheme is described. The color application stage includes the process of creating a village color design alternatives by specifying the color information of the hue, value, and saturation based on the BIM model. The color analysis stage is to numerically identify the color design attributes of the generated color design alternatives. The reason for color analysis and evaluation is to produce various design alternatives with the color harmony and improve the quality of the design.
keywords	Color Palette; Environmental Color; Color Harmony; Color Scheme; Color Design Analysis
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2019_362
id	caadria2019_362
authors	Lee, Jaejong, Ikeda, Yasushi and Hotta, Kensuke
year	2019
title	Comparative Evaluation of Viewing Elements by Visibility Heat Map of 3D Isovist - Urban planning experiment for Shinkiba in Tokyo Bay
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.341
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 341-350
summary	This paper presents a visibility analysis for 3D urban environments and its possible applications for urban design. This multi-view visibility analysis tool was generated by 3D isovist in Grasshopper, Rhino. The advantage of this analysis tool is that it can be compared within the measurement area. In addition, setting a visual object different from the existing isovist. The visual object is a landmark of a city space, such as landscape or object. First, the application experimented on the relevance between the calculation time and precision by this analysis tool. Based on the results of this experiment, it applied it to an actual part of an urban space. The multi-view visibility includes confirming the possibility of a comprehensive evaluation on the urban redevelopment and change of the view caused by the building layout plan - by numerical analysis showing the visual characteristics of the area while using 3D isovist theory. The practically applied area is Shinkiba, which is a part of Tokyo's landfill site; and while using the calculated data, multi-view visibility of each plan in the simulation of the visibility map is compared and evaluated.
keywords	3D isovist; Multi-view visibility; Comprehensive integration visibility evaluation; Urban redevelopment; Algorithmic urban design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	caadria2019_134
id	caadria2019_134
authors	Li, Yunqin, Zhang, Jiaxin and Yu, Chuanfei
year	2019
title	Intelligent Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Complex Building Layout based on Pedestrian Flow Organization - A case study of People's Court building in Anhui, China
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.271
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 271-280
summary	The pedestrian flow of the building influences and determines the layout of the building's plan. For buildings with complex flow such as courts, airports, and stations, mixed flow line and low traffic efficiency are prone to be problems. However, the optimization of the layout of complex flow buildings usually relies on the architect's experience to judge and trials to improve. To overcome these problems, we attempt to establish a parametric model of buildings' plan (taking a typical court building as an example) with information about the different pedestrian flow and functional groups. Based on the Rhino and Grasshopper platform, we take the minimum of different pedestrian flow path length and the maximum of total spatial integration value and the minimum of total spatial entropy value as the starting point, combines pathfinding algorithm, Space Syntax and multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize space allocation. The result shows that, compared with the original scheme, the intelligent optimised scheme can reduce the spatial waste caused by improper flow organisation, effectively improve space transportation capacity and spatial organization efficiency.
keywords	Intelligent optimisation; space allocation; multi-objective optimization algorithm; Space Syntax; pathfinding algorithm
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cf2019_025
id	cf2019_025
authors	Lin, Yuqiong; Chenyu Huang ,Yuqiong Lin and Philip F. Yuan
year	2019
title	High-rise Building Group Morphology Generation Approach based on Wind Environmental Performance
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 185
summary	In the urbanization process, high-rise is favored and popularized? while results to the high-density urban space which aggravated the deterioration of urban wind environment. Using quantifiable environmental factors to control the building, is promoting a more meaningful group formation of the sustainable high-rise buildings. Thus, taking wind performance into account in high-rise design infancy is essential. According to the achievement of CAADRIA2018 “SELF-FORM-FINDING WIND TUNNEL TO ENVIRONMENTAL-PERFORMANCE URBAN AND BUILDING DESIGN” workshop, a preliminary set related to the environmental performance urban morphology generation system and method was constructed. In this study, various of high-rise building forms that might be conducive to urban ventilation were selected, such as “hollow-out”, “twisting”, “façade retracting” and “liftup”, to design the Dynamic Model System with multi-dimensional motion.
keywords	High-rise, group morphology, wind tunnel, dynamic models, environmental performance
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_233
id	ecaadesigradi2019_233
authors	Noronha Pinto de Oliveira e Sousa, Marcela, Duarte, Jose and Celani, Gabriela
year	2019
title	Urban Street Retrofitting - An Application Study on Bottom-Up Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.287
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 287-296
summary	Urban streets will have to be retrofitted to improve walkability and to provide space for a diversity of transport modes. This paper introduces a framework which combines space syntax and shape grammars in a design support method for generating scenarios for urban street retrofitting. A procedure to hierarchize streets and select priority locations for urban street retrofitting is presented. Four different angular choice analyses with decreasing radii are used to derive the hierarchical structure of target urban areas with the aim of triggering shape grammar rules and generating bottom-up intervention designs. The same measure using a local radius to represent walking modal is then used to determine which streets should be retrofitted to improve pedestrian safety and walkability for the largest number of people. An application study using this procedure is presented and results are compared to street hierarchies from two different sources. This study is the first step towards automating the generation of design scenarios for urban street retrofitting.
keywords	Space Syntax; Street Hierarchy; Parametric Urbanism; Scenario Modeling; Travel Behavior
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ecaadesigradi2019_550
id	ecaadesigradi2019_550
authors	Rhee, Jinmo, Cardoso Llach, Daniel and Krishnamurti, Ramesh
year	2019
title	Context-rich Urban Analysis Using Machine Learning - A case study in Pittsburgh, PA
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2019.3.343
source	Sousa, JP, Xavier, JP and Castro Henriques, G (eds.), Architecture in the Age of the 4th Industrial Revolution - Proceedings of the 37th eCAADe and 23rd SIGraDi Conference - Volume 3, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal, 11-13 September 2019, pp. 343-352
summary	This paper reports on the analytical potential of machine learning methods for urban analysis. It documents a new method for data-driven urban analysis based on diagrammatic images describing each building in a city in relation to its immediate urban context. By statistically analyzing architectural and contextual features in this new dataset, the method can identify clusters of similar urban conditions and produce a detailed picture of a city's morphological structure. Remapping the clusters from data to 2D space, our method enables a new kind of urban plan that displays gradients of urban similarity. Taking Pittsburgh as a case study we demonstrate this method, and propose "morphological types" as a new category of urban analysis describing a given city's specific set of distinct morphological conditions. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this method and its limitations, as well as its potentials for architecture, urban studies, and computation.
keywords	Urban Morphology; Machine Learning; Architectural Contexts; Urban Analysis; GIS
series	eCAADeSIGraDi
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2019_259
id	caadria2019_259
authors	Soltani, Sahar, Gu, Ning, Ochoa Paniagua, Jorge, Sivam, Alpana and McGinley, Tim
year	2019
title	A Computational Approach to Measuring Social Impact of Urban Density through Mixed Methods Using Spatial Analysis
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2019.1.321
source	M. Haeusler, M. A. Schnabel, T. Fukuda (eds.), Intelligent & Informed - Proceedings of the 24th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 15-18 April 2019, pp. 321-330
summary	While there is a growing interest in using spatial network analysis methods such as Space Syntax to explore the socio-spatial aspects of the built form, some scholars refer to its main limitation of missing the measurements of buildings' fabric and density. Furthermore, new approaches that attempt to address these shortcomings, such as Urban Network Analysis toolbox, do not provide as comprehensive explorations as what Space Syntax does for the street network. Therefore, this paper proposes that a mixed-method applying both the tools in a complementary way enables a deeper understanding of the socio-spatial design metrics addressing density. Employing both tools on two cases of low and high-density neighbourhoods, the results demonstrate that the combination of these tools can minimise the shortcomings of each method individually, and lead to a more comprehensive understanding of socio-spatial design factors in relation with density.
keywords	Urban Network Analysis ; Social Impact; Space Syntax ; UNA Toolbox; Urban Density
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	cf2019_033
id	cf2019_033
authors	Soltani, Sahar; Ning Gu, Jorge Ochoa Paniagua, Alpana Sivam and Tim McGinley
year	2019
title	Investigating the Social Impacts of Highdensity Neighbourhoods through Spatial Analysis
source	Ji-Hyun Lee (Eds.) "Hello, Culture!" [18th International Conference, CAAD Futures 2019, Proceedings / ISBN 978-89-89453-05-5] Daejeon, Korea, p. 255
summary	Studies argue that higher density areas incur social problems such as lack of safety [1], while other studies provide evidence for the positive impact of high-density urban areas, for instance opportunities for social interactions and equal form of accessibility [2]. This paper argues that design factors can mediate the impacts of density on social aspects. Therefore, this study explores the extent to which design factors can be correlated to the social outcomes of different density areas. To do this, data from an empirical study conducted in the UK, which identified the relationship between density and social sustainability through cases of fifteen neighbourhoods, have been utilised. This paper has conducted further analysis based on these cases using a mixed method with spatial analysis tools. Outcomes show that some of the social results in the UK study such as safety are correlated with spatial factors like normalised angular choice. Moreover, the regression model created from the spatial indices can be used to predict the overall social sustainability index reported by the UK study.
keywords	Urban Density, Social Sustainability, Spatial Analysis, Space Syntax, Urban Network Analysis
series	CAAD Futures
email
last changed	2019/07/29 14:15

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