Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ecaade2020_484
id	ecaade2020_484
authors	Aguilar, Pavel, Borunda, Luis and Pardal, Cristina
year	2020
title	Additive Manufacturing of Variable-Density Ceramics, Photocatalytic and Filtering Slats
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 97-106
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.097
summary	Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the potential development of novel architectural applications of ceramic building components that can be engineered at the level of material to the extent of designing its performance and properties by density variations. This research presents a computational method and fabrication technique emulating complex material behavior via AM of intricate geometries and presents components with photocatalytic and climatic properties. It proposes an innovative application of AM of ceramic components in architecture to explore potential bioclimatic and antipollution performative use. Lattices are defined and manufactured with density variation gradients by tracing rectilinear clay deposition toolpaths that induce porosity intended for fluid filtering and to maximize sun exposure. The design method for photocatalytic, particle filtration and evaporative cooling local characterization introduced by complex patterning elements in architectural envelope slat components processed with radiation analysis influenced design are validated by simulation and experimental testing on specimens manufactured by paste extrusion.
keywords	Ceramic 3D Printing; Paste Extrusion; Photocatalytic Filter; Performative Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_208p
id	acadia20_208p
authors	Bernier-Lavigne, Samuel
year	2020
title	Object-Field
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 208-213
summary	This project aims to continue the correlative study between two fundamental entities of digital architecture: the object and the field. Following periods of experimentations on the ""field"" (materialization of flows of data through animation), the ""field of objects"" (parametricism), the ""object"" (OOO), we investigate the last possible interaction remaining: the ""object-field,"" by merging the formal characteristics of the object with the structural flow of its internal field. This investigation is achieved by exploring the high-resolution features of 3d printing in the design of autonomous architectural objects expressing materiality through topological optimization. The objects are generated by an iterative process of volumetric reduction, resulting in an ensemble of monoliths. Four of them are selected and analyzed through topological optimization in order to extract their internal fields. Next, a series of high-resolution algorithmic systems translate the structural information into 3d printed materiality. Of the four object-fields, one materializes, close to identical, the result of the optimization, giving the keystone to understanding the others. The second one expresses the structural flow through a 1mm voxel system, informed by the optimization, having the effect of stiffening the structure where it is needed and thus generating a new topography on the object. The last two explore the blur that this high-resolution can paradoxically create, with complete integration of the optimal structure in a transparent monolith. This is achieved by a vertex displacement algorithm, and the dissolution of the formal data of the monolith and the structural flows, through the mereological assembly of simple linear elements. For each object-field, a series of drawings was developed using specific algorithmic procedures derived from the peculiarities of their complex geometry. The drawings aim to catalyze coherence throughout the project, where similarities, hitherto kept apart by the multiple materialities, begin to dialogue.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaade2020_348
id	ecaade2020_348
authors	Chiujdea, Ruxandra Stefania and Nicholas, Paul
year	2020
title	Design and 3D Printing Methodologies for Cellulose-based Composite Materials
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 547-554
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.547
summary	A growing awareness of architecture's environmental responsibility is encouraging a shift from an industrial age to an ecological one. This shift emphasises a new era of materiality, characterised by a special focus on bio-polymers. The potential of these materials is to address unsustainable modes of resource consumption, and to rebalance our relationship with the natural. However, bio-polymers also challenge current design and manufacturing practices, which rely on highly manufactured and standardized materials. In this paper, we present material experiments and digital design and fabrication methodologies for cellulose-based composites, to create porous biodegradable panels. Cellulose, the most abundant bio-polymer on Earth, has potential for differentiated architectural applications. A key limit is the critical role of additive fabrication methods for larger scale elements, which are a subject of ongoing research. In this paper, we describe how controlling the interdependent relationship between the additive manufacturing process and the material grading enables the manipulation of the material's performance, and the related control aspects including printing parameters such as speed, nozzle diameter, air flow, etc., as well as tool path trajectory. Our design exploration responds to the emerging fabrication methods to achieve different levels of porosity and depth which define the geometry of a panel.
keywords	cellulose-based composite material; additive manufacturing; material grading; digital fabrication; spatial print trajectory; porous panels
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2020_049
id	ecaade2020_049
authors	Kretzer, Manuel and Mostafavi, Sina
year	2020
title	Robotic Fabrication with Bioplastic Materials - Digital design and robotic production of biodegradable objects
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 603-612
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.603
summary	Bioplastics are materials that are composed of renewable organic biomass sources and thus they are inherently biodegradable. On top of their ecological advantages to standard plastics they help to conserve fossil raw materials and the dependency on mineral oil. Recent advancements in digital design and robotic materialisation have introduced innovative methods for the realisation of complex geometries and direct experimentation through physical prototyping. Within this collaborative course between the Dessau Department of Design and the Dessau Institute of Architecture, we set out to explore the potentials of self-made bioplastic materials in combination with cutting-edge robotic fabrication in order to produce compostable products. Throughout the course the participants got acquainted with the fundamentals of parametric design to robotic production while performing systematic scientific experiments with bioplastics to develop the perfect material for robotic production. The paper presents a number of recipes on how to create bioplastics in a DIY manner. Moreover, the material research methodology, as well as robotic fabrication strategies behind each of the projects, are discussed in detail.
keywords	Bioplastic; Robotic 3D Printing; Digital Materiality; Material Architecture; Biomaterial; Material Ecology
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac202018206
id	ijac202018206
authors	Mitterberger, Daniela and Tiziano Derme
year	2020
title	Digital soil: Robotically 3D-printed granular bio-composites
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 2, 194-211
summary	Organic granular materials offer a valid alternative for non-biodegradable composites widely adopted in building construction and digital fabrication. Despite the need to find alternatives to fuel-based solutions, current material research in architecture mostly supports strategies that favour predictable, durable and homogeneous solutions. Materials such as soil, due to their physical properties and volatile nature, present new challenges and potentials to change the way we manufacture, built and integrate material systems and environmental factors into the design process. This article proposes a novel fabrication framework that combines high-resolution three-dimensional- printed biodegradable materials with a novel robotic-additive manufacturing process for soil structures. Furthermore, the research reflects on concepts such as affordance and tolerance within the field of digital fabrication, especially in regards to bio-materials and robotic fabrication. Soil as a building material has a long tradition. New developments in earth construction show how earthen buildings can create novel, adaptive and sustainable structures. Nevertheless, existing large-scale earthen construction methods can only produce highly simplified shapes with rough geometrical articulations. This research proposes to use a robotic binder-jetting process that creates novel organic bio-composites to overcome such limitations of common earth constructions. In addition, this article shows how biological polymers, such as polysaccharides-based hydrogels, can be used as sustainable, biodegradable binding agents for soil aggregates. This article is divided into four main sections: architecture and affordance; tolerance versus precision; water-based binders; and robotic fabrication parameters. Digital Soil envisions a shift in the design practice and digital fabrication that builds on methods for tolerance handling. In this context, material and geometrical properties such as material porosity, hydraulic conductivity and natural evaporation rate affect the architectural resolution, introducing a design process driven by matter. Digital Soil shows the potential of a fully reversible biodegradable manufacturing process for load-bearing architectural elements, opening up new fields of application for sustainable material systems that can enhance the ecological potential of architectural construction.
keywords	Robotic fabrication, adaptive materials, water-based fabrication, affordance, organic matter, additive manufacturing
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

_id	ecaade2021_011
id	ecaade2021_011
authors	Nováková, Kateøina and Vele, Jiøí
year	2021
title	Prvok - An experiment with 3D printing large doublecurved concrete structure
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 137-144
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.137
summary	In this experimental research project we report on the manufacturing process of the first full-size 3D printed concrete structure in our country. The house was 3D printed by an ABB IRB 6700 robot whose range we made fit with the requirements for transportation size and also, its range determined the size and geometry of the house. During the transformation process from sketch to code we involved students to apply computational design methods. We designed the main load bearing structure which had to be thinnest and lightest possible together with its insulation features and printability. We were aware of the world-wide research in this field started by NASA centennial Challenge called 3D-printed-habitat [Roman,2020] as well as start-ups derived from this research [1,2,3,4]. During the project, we investigated the following matters: (1) the relationship between geometry of the wall in model and in practice (2), setting of the robot and the mixture; and (3) stress test of the wall. With the results of the test we aimed at contribution to standardisation of 3D printed structures in ISO/ASTM 52939:2021. The finalized structure, named "Prvok", was made to prove printability of the mixture and stability of the design.
keywords	3D printing; robot; concrete; grasshopper; experiment; house
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	ijac202018404
id	ijac202018404
authors	Paul Nicholas, Gabriella Rossi, Ella Williams, Michael Bennett and Tim Schork
year	2020
title	Integrating real-time multi-resolution scanning and machine learning for Conformal Robotic 3D Printing in Architecture
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 4, 371–384
summary	Robotic 3D printing applications are rapidly growing in architecture, where they enable the introduction of new materials and bespoke geometries. However, current approaches remain limited to printing on top of a flat build bed. This limits robotic 3D printing’s impact as a sustainable technology: opportunities to customize or enhance existing elements, or to utilize complex material behaviour are missed. This paper addresses the potentials of conformal 3D printing and presents a novel and robust workflow for printing onto unknown and arbitrarily shaped 3D substrates. The workflow combines dual-resolution Robotic Scanning, Neural Network prediction and printing of PETG plastic. This integrated approach offers the advantage of responding directly to unknown geometries through automated performance design customization. This paper firstly contextualizes the work within the current state of the art of conformal printing. We then describe our methodology and the design experiment we have used to test it. We lastly describe the key findings, potentials and limitations of the work, as well as the next steps in this research.
keywords	Conformal printing, robotic fabrication, 3D scanning, neural networks, industry 4.0
series	journal
email
last changed	2021/06/03 23:29

_id	ecaade2020_128
id	ecaade2020_128
authors	Ramsgaard Thomsen, Mette, Tamke, Martin, Sparre-Petersen, Maria, Fabritius Buchwald, Emil and Hnídková, Simona
year	2020
title	Silica - A circular material paradigm by 3D printing recycled glass
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 613-622
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.613
summary	Silica examines the making of 3D printed tiles from recycled container glass. This paper describes an interdisciplinary exploration into how robot-controlled extrusion can offer new material practices by which to fabricate glass elements of an architectural scale. We pursue working with recycled container glass powder - a waste product derived from the reprocessing of recycled container glass - to contribute to circular development within an interdisciplinary artistic development context in the meeting between architecture and glass design. The project has two aims. On the one hand, it builds an in-depth understanding of the parameters of fabrication and devising means by which to control these through digital design methods and their interfacing with robotic fabrication processes. On the other hand, it critically questions the architectural, aesthetic and performative properties of these material practices and their embedded methods.
keywords	Robotic fabrication; Digital design systems; Circular economy; 3D Glass printing; New material practices
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	sigradi2020_878
id	sigradi2020_878
authors	Rocha, Bruno Massara; Steiner, Ygor Facco; Venancio, Leonardo Valbao; Lauwers, Sara Rodrigues
year	2020
title	The 3d printing fabrication of cellular solids structures and its use in architecture
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 878-885
summary	This article shows the results of the application of parametric design process in the digital fabrication of cellular solids inspired structures by 3d printing in model scale. Two proposal will be presented. Both are devised according to the idea of creating resistant wireframe cellular structure with zero-waste of printing material. The methodology was based in the application of three steps design science research into two different parametric patterns: diagrid and voronoi. It is shown the analytic description of both processes with 3d printed models. The conclusion is that the diagrid pattern offers better control of the design than the voronoi.
keywords	Cellular solids, Metamaterials, 3d printing, Parametric Design, Architecture Design
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:53

_id	acadia20_48
id	acadia20_48
authors	Schofield, Alex
year	2020
title	Coral Carbonate
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 48-57.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.048
summary	This work-in-progress paper describes a body of research that utilizes the invention and application of a novel method to 3D-print calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The resultant 3D-printed objects can be computationally optimized and used as a scaffold for the growth of various aquatic life that exists at the interface of soft edges and the built, specifically (but not limited to) coral polyps. Rather than utilizing materials designed for anthropocentric terrestrial environments, we can harness materials and forms native to aquatic ecosystems in combination with advanced computation and fabrication techniques to help foster applied research in service to healthier ecosystems and cohabitation. This paper introduces the novel application of a 3D-printed calcium carbonate, mimicking a similar material composition to that of coral, and describes the additive manufactured medium with regard to 3D powder-printing methodologies. Hypothesis and proposal of morphogenesis in surface and volume are identified as key factors for interface with aquatic organisms. Current and future applications are additionally exhibited through a combination of material composition, surface, and form as targeted intervention and artificial restoration for aquatic ecosystems. While our planet requires anthropocentric mitigation strategies for reduction of greenhouse gases that contribute to aquatic life’s greatest threats, we must simultaneously develop strategies for adaptation that immediately respond to the current realities of a changing climate.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ijac202018105
id	ijac202018105
authors	Vazquez, Elena; Benay Gürsoy and Jose Pinto Duarte
year	2020
title	Formalizing shape-change: Three-dimensional printed shapes and hygroscopic material transformations
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 1, 67-83
summary	Shape-changing materials have become increasingly popular among architects in designing responsive systems. One of the greatest challenges of designing with these materials is their dynamic nature, which requires architects to design with the fourth dimension, time. This article presents a study that formalizes the shape-changing behavior of three-dimensional printed wood-based composite materials and the rules that serve to compute their shape- change in response to variations in relative humidity. In this research, we first developed custom three-dimensional printing protocols and analyzed the effects of three-dimensional printing parameters on shape-change. We thereafter three-dimensional printed kirigami geometries to amplify hygroscopic material transformation of wood- based composites.
keywords	Shape=changing materials, material computation, 3D printed wood, kirigami, responsive architecture, 4D printing
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

_id	sigradi2020_600
id	sigradi2020_600
authors	Vazquez, Elena; Gursoy, Benay
year	2020
title	3D Printed Responsive Wood Interfaces: Shape-Changing Origami-Inspired Prototypes
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 600-607
summary	In this paper, we present a study for a 3D printed responsive wood interface in which we employed a scientific approach to assess the effects of various 3D printing parameters on shape-change. A full factorial design of experiments is conducted to determine the variables that maximize hygromorphic response. Analyzing the results of the experiments, we designed and fabricated origami-inspired prototypes, and tested their bimorph and gradient actuation. The contribution of this study to the growing body of literature on 3D printing responsive wood- based composites is the integration of gradient actuation and origami-inspired shape-changing strategies.
keywords	Shape-change, Shape-changing materials, Material computation, 3D printed wood, Responsive architecture
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:52

_id	acadia20_516
id	acadia20_516
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania; Voltl, Christopher; Craney, Ryan
year	2020
title	Additive Thermoplastic Formwork for Freeform Concrete Columns
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 516-525.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.516
summary	The degree of geometric complexity a concrete element can assume is directly linked to our ability to fabricate its formwork. Additive manufacturing allows fabrication of freeform formwork and expands the design possibilities for concrete elements. In particular, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of thermoplastic is a useful method of formwork fabrication due to the lightweight properties of the resulting formwork and the accessibility of FDM 3D printing technology. The research in this area is in early stages of development, including several existing efforts examining the 3D printing of a single material for formwork— including two medium-scale projects using PLA and PVA. However, the performance of 3D printed formwork and its geometric complexity varies, depending on the material used for 3D printing the formwork. To expand the existing research, this paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using 3D printed thermoplastic formwork for fabricating custom concrete elements using multiple thermoplastic materials. This research cross-references and investigates PLA, PVA, PETG, and the combination of PLA-PVA as formwork material, through the design and fabrication of nonstandard structural concrete columns. The formwork was produced using robotic pellet extrusion and filament-based 3D printing. A series of case studies showcase the increased geometric freedom achievable in formwork when 3D printing with multiple materials. They investigate the potential variations in fabrication methods and their print characteristics when using different 3D printing technologies and printing materials. Additionally, the research compares speed, cost, geometric freedom, and surface resolution.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia20_236p
id	acadia20_236p
authors	Anton, Ana; Jipa, Andrei; Reiter, Lex; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2020
title	Fast Complexity
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 236-241
summary	The concrete industry is responsible for 8% of the global CO2 emissions. Therefore, using concrete in more complex and optimized shapes can have a significant benefit to the environment. Digital fabrication with concrete aims to overcome the geometric limitations of standardized formworks and thereby reduce the ecological footprint of the building industry. One of the most significant material economy potentials is in structural slabs because they represent 85% of the weight of multi-story concrete structures. To address this opportunity, Fast Complexity proposes an automated fabrication process for highly optimized slabs with ornamented soffits. The method combines reusable 3D-printed formwork (3DPF) and 3D concrete printing (3DCP). 3DPF uses binder-jetting, a process with submillimetre resolution. A polyester coating is applied to ensure reusability and smooth concrete surfaces otherwise not achievable with 3DCP alone. 3DPF is selectively used only where high-quality finishing is necessary, while all other surfaces are fabricated formwork-free with 3DCP. The 3DCP process was developed interdisciplinary at ETH Zürich and employs a two-component material system consisting of Portland cement mortar and calcium aluminate cement accelerator paste. This fabrication process provides a seamless transition from digital casting to 3DCP in a continuous automated process. Fast Complexity selectively uses two complementary additive manufacturing methods, optimizing the fabrication speed. In this regard, the prototype exhibits two different surface qualities, reflecting the specific resolutions of the two digital processes. 3DCP inherits the fine resolution of the 3DPF strictly for the smooth, visible surfaces of the soffit, for which aesthetics are essential. In contrast, the hidden parts of the slab use the coarse resolution specific to the 3DCP process, not requiring any formwork and implicitly achieving faster fabrication. In the context of an increased interest in construction additive manufacturing, Fast Complexity explicitly addresses the low resolution, lack of geometric freedom, and limited reinforcement options typical to layered extrusion 3DCP, as well as the limited customizability in concrete technology.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	sigradi2020_297
id	sigradi2020_297
authors	Arboleda Pardo, Juan Gabriel; García-Alvarado, Rodrigo; Martínez Rocamora, Alejandro
year	2020
title	BIM-modeling and programming of curved concrete walls for 3D-printed construction
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 297-305
summary	This article presents the parametric design and modeling in BIM of curved walls for 3d-printed construction in concrete, seeking to manage the reduction of materials and construction execution times, and enhance its architectural expression. The process described here is structured in the following phases: (i) conceptual preliminary design exploration, defining formal parameters in Revit, (ii) parametric modeling with Dynamo and Revit, (iii) integration of structural validation and printing programming of the robotic arm, and examples of execution with 3D-printed construction.
keywords	BIM, Parametric programming, 3D-printed Construction, Curved wall, Digital fabrication
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	caadria2020_160
id	caadria2020_160
authors	Bruce, Caitlin, Sweet, Kevin and Ok, Jeongbin
year	2020
title	Closing the Loop - Recycling Waste Plastic
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 135-144
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.135
summary	Worldwide we produce billions of tonnes of waste per year, including a million tonnes of plastic waste. Currently, there are methods for recycling plastic, but these methods can be expensive and time-consuming, resulting in most of the plastic being thrown into the landfill. Because plastic does not fully degrade, it ends up in the ocean and other waterways, poisoning the water with toxins. The purpose of this research is to provide a solution to reducing plastic waste by creating an alternative method of recycling that utilises new technologies such as additive manufacturing, to create a building material that fits into the concept of the circular economy. The findings of this research explored the recycling of plastic by collecting plastic waste such as PLA (Polylactic Acid) from old 3D printed models and other sources. The plastic was recycled into filament for additive manufacturing (AM) and used to print a building component, establishing a foundational proof of concept for the use of recycled plastic as a potential building material.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing; 3D Printing; Recycling Plastic ; Recycled Filament ; Waste Plastic
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2020_412
id	caadria2020_412
authors	Capunaman, Ozguc Bertug
year	2020
title	CAM as a Tool for Creative Expression - Informing Digital Fabrication through Human Interaction
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 243-252
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.243
summary	Contemporary digital design and fabrication tools often present deterministic and pre-programmed workflows. This limits the potential for developing a deeper understanding of materials within the process. This paper presents an interactive and adaptive design-fabrication workflow where the user can actively take turns in the fabrication process. The proposed experimental setup utilizes paste extrusion additive manufacturing in tandem with real-time control of an industrial robotic arm. By incorporating a computer-vision based feedback loop, it captures momentary changes in the fabricated artifact introduced by the users to inform the digital representation. Using the updated digital representation, the proposed system can offer simple design hypotheses for the user to evaluate and adapt future toolpaths accordingly. This paper presents the development of the experimental setup and delineates critical concepts and their motivation.
keywords	Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Manufacturing (CAM); Human Computer Interaction; 3D Printing; Interactive Digital Fabrication; Robotic Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_436
id	acadia20_436
authors	Chun Hin Fong, Jacky; Long Wun Poon, Adabelle; Sze Ngan, Wing; Hei Ho, Chung; Goepel, Garvin; Crolla, Kristof
year	2020
title	Augmenting Craft with Mixed Reality
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 436-444.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.436
summary	This paper discusses novel methods for and advantages of integrating augmented reality (AR) and photogrammetry in hand clay-sculpting workflows. These techniques permit nontrained users to achieve higher precision during the sculpting process by holographically overlaying instructions from digital 3D source geometry on top of the sculpting material. By employing alternative notational systems in design implementation methods, the research positions itself in a postdigital context aimed at humanizing digital technologies. Throughout history, devices have been developed to increase production, such as Henry Dexter’s 1842 “Apparatus for Sculptors” for marble sculpting. Extrapolating from this, the workflow presented in this paper uses AR to overlay extracted information from 3D models directly onto the sculptor’s field of vision. This information can then become an AR-driven guidance system that assists the sculptor. Using the Microsoft HoloLens, holographic instructions are introduced in the production sequence, connecting the analog sculpture fabrication directly with a digital environment, thus augmenting the craftspeople’s agency. A series of AR-aided sculpting methods were developed and tested in a demonstrator case study project that created a small-scale clay copy of Henry Moore’s Sheep Piece (1971–1972). This paper demonstrates how user-friendly software and hardware tools have lowered the threshold for end users to develop new methods that straightforwardly facilitate and improve their crafts’ effectiveness and agency. This shows that the fusion of computational design technology and AR visualization technology can innovate a specific craft’s design and production workflow, opening the door for further application developments in more architecture-specific fabrication contexts.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2020_299
id	ecaade2020_299
authors	Colmo, Claudia and Ayres, Phil
year	2020
title	3d Printed Bio-hybrid Structures - Investigating the architectural potentials of mycoremediation
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 573-582
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.573
summary	In this paper, we present a speculative design concept for a mycelium-based living bio-hybrid architectural system. The system combines inoculated lignocellulosic substrates with soil-based 3d printed structures that function as growth scaffolds, material boundaries and spatial organisers. The primary objective of the system is to exploit mycelium as a living remediator of contaminated sites, in the form of architectural proposition. The feasibility of this concept is investigated in two ways: 1) material composition development and process control parameters for soil-based 3d printing, 2) the synthesis of printed prototypes to determine geometric and environmental parameters for promoting colonisation of mycelium and supporting its role as both structural binder and 'Mycorestoration' agent. This work is contextualised with reference to the state-of-the-art in order to identify the research gap and articulate the contribution of a mycelium-based remediating architecture. The merits and limits of the experimental results are reflected upon and trajectories of further investigation outlined.
keywords	mycelium; mycorestoration; soil contamination; 3d printing; bio-hybrid architecture; design based experimentation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

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