Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2020_126
id	caadria2020_126
authors	Hsiao, Chi-Fu, Lee, Ching-Han, Chen, Chun-Yen and Chang, Teng-Wen
year	2020
title	A Co-existing Interactive Approach to Digital Fabrication Workflow
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.105
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 105-114
summary	In recent years, digital fabrication projects have explored how to best present complex spatial patterns. These patterns are generated by a series of function clusters and need to be separated into reasonable working sequences for workers. In the stage between design and fabrication, designers and workers typically spend considerable time communicating with each other and prototyping models in order to understand the complex geometry and joint methods of fabrication works. Through the potential of mixed reality technology, this paper proposes a novel form of co-existing interactive workflow that helps designers understand the morphing status of material composition and assists workers in achieving desired results. We establish this co-existing workflow mechanism as an interface between design and reality that includes a HoloLens display, a parametric algorithm, and gesture control identification. This paper challenges the flexibility between the virtual and reality and the interaction between precise parameters and natural gestures within an automation process.
keywords	Co-existing interactive workflow; Digital fabrication; HoloLens; Digital twin; Prototype
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cdrf2019_27
id	cdrf2019_27
authors	Chuan Liu, Jiaqi Shen, Yue Ren, and Hao Zheng
year	2020
title	Developing a Digital Interactive Fabrication Process in Co-existing Environment
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_3
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	In the stage of prototype practice, the maker mainly works by himself, but it needs to test and adapt to find correct fabrication method when maker didn’t have clearly fabrication description. Therefore, rapid prototyping is very important in the prototype practice of the maker. “Design- Fabrication-Assembly” (DFA)- an integration prototyping process which helps designers in creating kinetic skin by following a holistic process. However, DFA lacks a medium for communication between design, fabrication and assembly status. This paper proposes a solution called co-existing Fabrication System (CoFabs) by combining multiple sensory components and visualization feedbacks. We combine mixed reality (MR) and the concept of digital twin (DT)–a device that uses a virtual interface to control a physical mechanism for fabrication and assembly. By integrating virtual and physical, CoFab allows designers using different methods of observation to prototype more rigorously and interactively correct design decisions in real-time.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	caadria2020_180
id	caadria2020_180
authors	Jensen, Mads Brath and Das, Avishek
year	2020
title	Technologies and Techniques for Collaborative Robotics in Architecture - - establishing a framework for human-robotic design exploration
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.293
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 293-302
summary	This study investigates the technological and methodological challenges in establishing an indeterministic approach to robotic fabrication that allows for a collaborative and creative design/fabrication process. The research objective enquires into how robotic processes in architecture can move from deterministic fabrication processes towards explorative and indeterministic design processes. To address this research objective, the study specifically explores how an architect and a robot can engage in a process of co-creation and co-evolution, that is enabled by a collaborative robotic arm equipped with an electric gripper and a web camera. Through a case-based experiment, of designing and constructing an adjustable faÃ§ade system consisting of parallel wood lamellas, designer and robotic system co-create by means of interactive processes. The study will present and discuss the technological implementations used to construct the interactive robotic-based design process, with emphasis on the integration of visual analysis features in Grasshopper and on the benefits of establishing a state machine for interactive and creative robotic control in architecture.
keywords	Design cognition; Digital fabrication ; Construction; Human-computer interaction
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia20_164p
id	acadia20_164p
authors	Lange, Christian; Ratoi, Lidia; Co Lim, Dominic; Hu, Jason; Baker, David M.; Yu, Vriko; Thompson, Phil
year	2020
title	Reformative Coral Habitats
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 164-169
summary	Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecologies in the marine world. They are the habitat to tens of thousands of different marine species. However, these wildlife environments are endangered across the globe. Recent research estimates that around 75 percent of the remaining coral reefs are currently under threat. In 2018 after a devastating storm, Hong Kong lost around 80% of its existing corals. Consequently, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects at The University of Hong Kong has developed a series of performative structures that have been deployed in the city's waters in July 2020, intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. The project was commissioned by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD) and is part of an ongoing active management measure for coral restoration in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong. The following objectives were defined as part of the design and fabrication research of the project. To develop a design strategy that builds on the concept of biomimicry to allow for complex spaces to occur that would provide attributes against the detachment of the inserted coral fragment, hence could enhance a diverse marine life specific to the context of the cities water conditions. To generate an efficient printing path that accommodates the specific morphological design criteria and ensures structural integrity and the functional aspects of the design. To develop an efficient fabrication process with a DIW 3D printing methodology that considers warping, shrinkage, and cracking in the clay material. The research team developed a method that combined an algorithmic design approach for the design of different geometries with a digital additive manufacturing process utilizing robotic 3D clay printing. The overall fabrication strategy for the complex and large pieces sought to ensure structural longevity, optimize production time, and tackle the involved double-sided printing method. Overall, 128 tiles were printed, covering roughly 40sqm of the seabed.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	ecaade2020_053
id	ecaade2020_053
authors	Ren, Yue, Chu, Jie and Zheng, Hao
year	2020
title	Dynamic Symbiont - An Interactive Urban Design Method Combining Swarm Intelligence and Human Decisions
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.383
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 383-392
summary	Can a virtual city game be built by both the public and computer-based on real-site data? In the current process of deepening global connectivity, requirements for an effective urban design are no longer limited to functions or aesthetics, but a smart, dynamic complex with multi-interactions of data, group behaviours, and physical space. This paper introduces the logic of swarm intelligence and particle system for proposing a new urban design methodology. The platforms range from simulations that quantify the impact of the disruptive interventions of city activities to communicable collaboration between different users in a UI system, which creates virtual connections between optimized urbanscape and users. In the design system, based on the context data, the computer firstly simulates and optimizes the existing 2D activity joints between the people and analyzed the current spatial connection nodes into certain design rules. Through optimal programming for spatial connection and data iterations, the activity connection structures in the second simulation are abstracted into a set of interactive 3D topographic. The final data-visualization results are presented as a co-building megacity in a virtual construction game. Users can choose the virtual building unit types and intuitively influence the future urbanscape decision through virtual construction.
keywords	Swarm Intelligence; Particle System; Digital Simulation; Human-Machine Interaction; Data Visualization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ijac202018304
id	ijac202018304
authors	Aagaard, Anders Kruse and Niels Martin Larsen
year	2020
title	Developing a fabrication workflow for irregular sawlogs
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 3, 270-283
summary	In this article, we suggest using contemporary manufacturing technologies to integrate material properties with architectural design tools, revealing new possibilities for the use of wood in architecture. Through an investigative approach, material capacities and fabrication methods are explored and combined towards establishing new workflows and architectural expressions, where material, fabrication and result are closely interlinked. The experimentation revolves around discarded, crooked oak logs, doomed to be used as firewood due to their irregularity. This project treats their diverging shapes differently by offering unique processing to each log informed by its particularities. We suggest here a way to use the natural forms and properties of sawlogs to generate new structures and spatial conditions. In this article, we discuss the scope of this approach and provide an example of a workflow for handling the discrete shapes of natural sawlogs in a system that involve the collection of material, scanning/digitisation, handling of a stockpile, computer analysis, design and robotic manufacturing. The creation of this specific method comes from a combination of investigation of wood as a material, review of existing research in the field, studies of the production lines in the current wood industry and experimentation through our in-house laboratory facilities. As such, the workflow features several solutions for handling the complex and different shapes and data of natural wood logs in a highly digitised machining and fabrication environment. This up-cycling of discarded wood supply establishes a non-standard workflow that utilises non-standard material stock and leads to a critical articulation of today’s linear material economy. The project becomes part of an ambition to reach sustainable development goals and technological innovation in global and resource-intensive architecture and building industry.
keywords	Natural wood, robotic fabrication, computation, fabrication, research by design
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

_id	caadria2020_281
id	caadria2020_281
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif and Hassab, Ahmed
year	2020
title	A Computational Approach for the Mass Customization of Materially Informed Double Curved A Computational Approach for the Mass Customization of Materially Informed Double Curved Façade Panels
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.163
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 163-172
summary	Despite recent approaches to enable the mass customization of double curved faÃ§ade panels, there still exist challenges including waste reduction, accuracy, surface continuity, economic feasibility, and workflow disintegration. This paper proposes a computational approach for the design and fabrication of materially informed double curved faÃ§ade panels with complex geometry. This approach proposes an optimized workflow to generate customizable double curved panels with complex geometry and different material properties, and optimize fabrication workflow for waste reduction. This workflow is applied to four different fabrication techniques: (1) vacuum forming, (2) clay extrusion, (3) sectioning, and (4) tessellation. Four experiments are introduced to apply surface rationalization and optimization using Rhino and Grasshopper scripting. Upon simulating each of the four design-to-fabrication techniques through different iterations, the experiment results demonstrated how the proposed workflows produced optimized surfaces with higher levels of accuracy and reduced waste material, customized per type of material and surface complexity.
keywords	Digital fabrication; Double curved facades; Mass customization; Design-to-fabrication
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2020_253
id	ecaade2020_253
authors	Buš, Peter
year	2020
title	User-driven Configurable Architectural Assemblies - Towards artificial intelligence-embedded responsive environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.483
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 483-490
summary	The paper theoretically elaborates the idea of individual users' customisation activities to create and configure responsive spatial scenarios by means of reconfigurable interactive adaptive assemblies. It reflects Gordon Pask's concept of human and device interaction based on its unpredictable notion speculating a potential to be enhanced by artificial intelligence learning approach of an assembly linked with human activator's participative inputs. Such a link of artificial intelligence, human agency and interactive assembly capable to generate its own spatial configurations by itself and users' stimuli may lead to a new understanding of humans' role in the creation of spatial scenarios. The occupants take the prime role in the evolution of spatial conditions in this respect. The paper aims to position an interaction between the human agents and artificial devices as a participatory and responsive design act to facilitate creative potential of participants as unique individuals without pre-specified or pre-programmed goal set by the designer. Such an approach will pave a way towards true autonomy of responsive built environments, determined by an individual human agent and behaviour of the spatial assemblies to create authentic responsive built forms in a digital and physical space.
keywords	deployable systems; responsive assemblies; embedded intelligence; Learning-to-Design-and-Assembly method; Conversation Theory
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2020_412
id	caadria2020_412
authors	Capunaman, Ozguc Bertug
year	2020
title	CAM as a Tool for Creative Expression - Informing Digital Fabrication through Human Interaction
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.243
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 243-252
summary	Contemporary digital design and fabrication tools often present deterministic and pre-programmed workflows. This limits the potential for developing a deeper understanding of materials within the process. This paper presents an interactive and adaptive design-fabrication workflow where the user can actively take turns in the fabrication process. The proposed experimental setup utilizes paste extrusion additive manufacturing in tandem with real-time control of an industrial robotic arm. By incorporating a computer-vision based feedback loop, it captures momentary changes in the fabricated artifact introduced by the users to inform the digital representation. Using the updated digital representation, the proposed system can offer simple design hypotheses for the user to evaluate and adapt future toolpaths accordingly. This paper presents the development of the experimental setup and delineates critical concepts and their motivation.
keywords	Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Manufacturing (CAM); Human Computer Interaction; 3D Printing; Interactive Digital Fabrication; Robotic Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	cdrf2019_189
id	cdrf2019_189
authors	Dasong Wang and Roland Snooks
year	2020
title	Artificial Intuitions of Generative Design: An Approach Based on Reinforcement Learning
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_18
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	This paper proposes a Reinforcement Learning (RL) based design approach that augments existing algorithmic generative processes through the emergence of a form of artificial design intuition. The research presented in the paper is embedded within a highly speculative research project, Artificial Agency, exploring the operation of Machine Learning (ML) in generative design and digital fabrication. After describing the inherent limitations of contemporary generative design processes, the paper compares the three fundamental types of machine learning frameworks in terms of their characteristics and potential impact on generative design. A theoretical framework is defined to demonstrate the methodology of integrating RL with existing generative design procedures, which is further explained with a Random Walk based experimental design example. The paper includes detailed RL definitions as well as critical reflections on its impact and the effects of its implementation. The proposed artificial intuition within this generative approach is currently being further developed through a series of ongoing and proposed research trajectories noted in the conclusion. The ambition of this research is to deepen the integration of intention with machine learning in generative design.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	caadria2020_434
id	caadria2020_434
authors	Lange, Christian, Ratoi, Lidia and Co, Dominic Lim
year	2020
title	Reformative Coral Habitats - Rethinking Artificial Reef structures through a robotic 3D clay printing method.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.463
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 463-472
summary	In 2018 after Typhoon Mangkhut hit Hong Kong, the city lost around 80% of its existing corals. As a consequence, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects have developed a series of performative structures that will be deployed in Hong Kong waters intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. This paper describes the present research that focuses on the design and fabrication of artificial reef structures utilizing a robotic 3d clay printing method addressing the specificities of Hong Kong marine ecologies. The paper describes further the algorithmic design methodology, the optimization processes in the generation of the printing path, and the methodology for the fabrication processes during the production cycle to achieve even quality and prevent cracking during the drying process.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; 3D clay printing; Artificial Coral Reefs; Computational Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2023_227
id	ecaade2023_227
authors	Moorhouse, Jon and Freeman, Tim
year	2023
title	Towards a Genome for Zero Carbon Retrofit of UK Housing
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.197
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 197–206
summary	The United Kingdom has some of the worst insulated housing stock in Northern Europe. This is in part due to the age of housing in the UK, with over 90% being built before 1990 [McCrone 2017, Piddington 2020]. Moreover, 85% of current UK housing will still be in use in 2050 by which stage their Government are targeting Net Carbon Zero [Eyre 2019]. Domestic energy use accounts for around 25% of UK carbon emissions. The UK will need to retrofit 20 million dwellings in order to meet this target. If this delivery were evenly spread, it would equate to over 2,000 retrofit completions each day. Government-funded initiatives are stimulating the market, with upwards of 60,000 social housing retrofits planned for 2023, but it is clear that a system must be developed to enable the design and implementation of housing-stock improvement at a large scale.This paper charts the 20-year development of a digital approach to the design for low-carbon domestic retrofit by architects Constructive Thinking Studio Limited and thence documents the emergence of a collaborative approach to retrofit patterns on a National scale. The author has led the Research and Development stream of this practice, developing a Building Information Modelling methodology and integrated Energy Modelling techniques to optimise design for housing retrofit [Georgiadou 2019, Ben 2020], and then inform a growing palette of details and a database of validated solutions [Moorhouse 2013] that can grow and be used to predict options for future projects [D’Angelo 2022]. The data is augmented by monitoring energy and environmental performance, enabling a growing body of knowledge that can be aligned with existing big data to simulate the benefits of nationwide stock improvement. The paper outlines incremental case studies and collaborative methods pivotal in developing this work The proposed outcome of the work is a Retrofit Genome that is available at a national level.
keywords	Retrofit, Housing, Zero-Carbon, BIM, Big Data, Design Genome
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2020_138
id	ecaade2020_138
authors	Patel, Sayjel Vijay, Tchakerian, Raffi, Lemos Morais, Renata, Zhang, Jie and Cropper, Simon
year	2020
title	The Emoting City - Designing feeling and artificial empathy in mediated environments
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.261
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 261-270
summary	This paper presents a theoretical blueprint for implementing artificial empathy into the built environment. Transdisciplinary design principles have oriented the creation of a new model for autonomous environments integrating psychology, architecture, digital media, affective computing and interactive UX design. 'The Emoting City', an interactive installation presented at the 2019 Shenzhen Bi-City Biennale of Urbanism/Architecture, is presented as a first step to explore how to engage AI-driven sensing by integrating human perception, cognition and behaviour in a real-world scenario. The approach described encompasses two main elements: embedded cyberception and responsive surfaces. Its human-AI interface enables new modes of blended interaction that are conducive to self-empathy and insight. It brings forth a new proposition for the development of sensing systems that go beyond social robotics into the field of artificial empathy. The installation innovates in the design of seamless affective computing that combines 'alloplastic' and 'autoplastic' architectures. We believe that our research signals the emergence of a potential revolution in responsive environments, offering a glimpse into the possibility of designing intelligent spaces with the ability to sense, inform and respond to human emotional states in ways that promote personal, cultural and social evolution.
keywords	Artificial Intelligence; Responsive Architecture; Affective Computation; Human-AI Interfaces; Artificial Empathy
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	ijac202018404
id	ijac202018404
authors	Paul Nicholas, Gabriella Rossi, Ella Williams, Michael Bennett and Tim Schork
year	2020
title	Integrating real-time multi-resolution scanning and machine learning for Conformal Robotic 3D Printing in Architecture
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 4, 371–384
summary	Robotic 3D printing applications are rapidly growing in architecture, where they enable the introduction of new materials and bespoke geometries. However, current approaches remain limited to printing on top of a flat build bed. This limits robotic 3D printing’s impact as a sustainable technology: opportunities to customize or enhance existing elements, or to utilize complex material behaviour are missed. This paper addresses the potentials of conformal 3D printing and presents a novel and robust workflow for printing onto unknown and arbitrarily shaped 3D substrates. The workflow combines dual-resolution Robotic Scanning, Neural Network prediction and printing of PETG plastic. This integrated approach offers the advantage of responding directly to unknown geometries through automated performance design customization. This paper firstly contextualizes the work within the current state of the art of conformal printing. We then describe our methodology and the design experiment we have used to test it. We lastly describe the key findings, potentials and limitations of the work, as well as the next steps in this research.
keywords	Conformal printing, robotic fabrication, 3D scanning, neural networks, industry 4.0
series	journal
email
last changed	2021/06/03 23:29

_id	caadria2020_089
id	caadria2020_089
authors	Poinet, Paul, Stefanescu, Dimitrie and Papadonikolaki, Eleni
year	2020
title	Web-Based Distributed Design to Fabrication Workflows
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.095
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 95-104
summary	As architectural design projects tend to tackle larger scales and become more complex, multiple involved actors often need to work from different remote locations. This increased complexity impacts the digital design-to-fabrication workflows that become more challenging, as each actor involved in a project operates on different software environments and needs to access precise fabrication data of specific design components. Consequently, managing and keeping track of design changes throughout the design-to-fabrication workflow still remains a challenge for all actors involved. This paper discusses how this challenge can be tackled through both Speckle, a complete open source data platform for the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC), and SpeckleViz, a custom web-based interactive Activity Network Diagram (AND) built upon Speckle. SpeckleViz continuously maps data transfers across design and building processes, enabling the end-users to explore, interact and get a better understanding of the constantly evolving digital design workflows. This is demonstrated in this paper through a computational design and digital fabrication workshop conducted at the Centro de Estudios Superiores de DiseÃ±o de Monterrey (CEDIM), during which an integrative, file-less collaborative design workflow has been set through Speckle, connecting different Rhino-Grasshopper sessions acting as discrete computational design pipelines.
keywords	Collaborative Workflows; Distributed Design; Activity Network Diagram; Data Flow
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 08:00

_id	ijac202018406
id	ijac202018406
authors	Roberto Naboni, Anja Kunic and Luca Breseghello
year	2020
title	Computational design, engineering and manufacturing of a material-efficient 3D printed lattice structure
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 4, 404–423
summary	Building with additive manufacturing is an increasingly relevant research topic in the field of Construction 4.0, where designers are seeking higher levels of automation, complexity and precision compared to conventional construction methods. As an answer to the increasing problem of scarcity of resources, the presented research exploits the potential of Fused Deposition Modelling in the production of a lightweight load-responsive cellular lattice structure at the architectural scale. The article offers an extensive insight into the computational processes involved in the design, engineering, analysis, optimization and fabrication of a material-efficient, fully 3D printed, lattice structure. Material, structure and manufacturing features are integrated within the design development in a comprehensive computational workflow. The article presents methods and results while discussing the project as a material-efficient approach to complex structures.
keywords	Automated design, cellular lattice, digital fabrication, additive manufacturing, computational workflow
series	journal
email
last changed	2021/06/03 23:29

_id	acadia20_218
id	acadia20_218
authors	Rossi, Gabriella; Nicholas, Paul
year	2020
title	Encoded Images
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.218
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 218-227.
summary	In this paper, we explore conditional generative adversarial networks (cGANs) as a new way of bridging the gap between design and analysis in contemporary architectural practice. By substituting analytical finite element analysis (FEA) modeling with cGAN predictions during the iterative design phase, we develop novel workflows that support iterative computational design and digital fabrication processes in new ways. This paper reports two case studies of increasing complexity that utilize cGANs for structural analysis. Central to both experiments is the representation of information within the data set the cGAN is trained on. We contribute a prototypical representational technique to encode multiple layers of geometric and performative description into false color images, which we then use to train a Pix2Pix neural network architecture on entirely digital generated data sets as a proxy for the performance of physically fabricated elements. The paper describes the representational workflow and reports the process and results of training and their integration into the design experiments. Last, we identify potentials and limits of this approach within the design processes.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	sigradi2020_326
id	sigradi2020_326
authors	Ugarte-Urzúa, Juan Pablo; Mhatre, Saurabh; Bechthold, Martin; Norman, Sarah
year	2020
title	Extruded Tessellations: A novel structural ceramic system at the intersection of industrial ceramic extrusion and CNC fabrication
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 326-333
summary	This research explores the customization potential of ceramic extrusion by means of integrating CNC fabrication tools into current industrial ceramic extrusion lines. In order to support this approach, we designed and built two wall prototypes made of 700 extruded ceramic pieces. The pieces were produced using a single extrusion die and were cut to custom lengths and angles using CNC disk cutters to produce a total of 38 unique pieces. We introduce the motivation behind our work, present a three-stage design workflow for the design of this type of ceramic system, and show our built prototype.
keywords	Ceramic extrusio, CNC customization, Design workflow, Prototype, Tessellation
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	ecaade2020_093
id	ecaade2020_093
authors	Veloso, Pedro and Krishnamurti, Ramesh
year	2020
title	An Academy of Spatial Agents - Generating spatial configurations with deep reinforcement learning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.191
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 191-200
summary	Agent-based models rely on decentralized decision making instantiated in the interactions between agents and the environment. In the context of generative design, agent-based models can enable decentralized geometric modelling, provide partial information about the generative process, and enable fine-grained interaction. However, the existing agent-based models originate from non-architectural problems and it is not straight-forward to adapt them for spatial design. To address this, we introduce a method to create custom spatial agents that can satisfy architectural requirements and support fine-grained interaction using multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL). We focus on a proof of concept where agents control spatial partitions and interact in an environment (represented as a grid) to satisfy custom goals (shape, area, adjacency, etc.). This approach uses double deep Q-network (DDQN) combined with a dynamic convolutional neural-network (DCNN). We report an experiment where trained agents generalize their knowledge to different settings, consistently explore good spatial configurations, and quickly recover from perturbations in the action selection.
keywords	space planning; agent-based model; interactive generative systems; artificial intelligence; multi-agent deep reinforcement learning
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	cdrf2019_265
id	cdrf2019_265
authors	Yue Qi, Ruqing Zhong, Benjamin Kaiser, Long Nguyen,Hans Jakob Wagner, Alexander Verl, and Achim Menges
year	2020
title	Working with Uncertainties: An Adaptive Fabrication Workflow for Bamboo Structures
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_25
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	This paper presents and investigates a cyber-physical fabrication work-flow, which can respond to the deviations between built- and designed form in realtime with vision augmentation. We apply this method for large scale structures built from natural bamboo poles. Raw bamboo poles obtain evolutionarily optimized fibrous layouts ideally suitable for lightweight and sustainable building construction. Nevertheless, their intrinsically imprecise geometries pose a challenge for reliable, automated construction processes. Despite recent digital advancements, building with bamboo poles is still a labor-intensive task and restricted to building typologies where accuracy is of minor importance. The integration of structural bamboo poles with other building layers is often limited by tolerance issues at the interfaces, especially for large scale structures where deviations accumulate incrementally. To address these challenges, an adaptive fabrication process is developed, in which existing deviations can be compensated by changing the geometry of subsequent joints to iteratively correct the pose of further elements. A vision-based sensing system is employed to three-dimensionally scan the bamboo elements before and during construction. Computer vision algorithms are used to process and interpret the sensory data. The updated conditions are streamed to the computational model which computes tailor-made bending stiff joint geometries that can then be directly fabricated on-the-fly. In this paper, we contextualize our research and investigate the performance domains of the proposed workflow through initial fabrication tests. Several application scenarios are further proposed for full scale vision-augmented bamboo construction systems.
series	cdrf
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last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

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