Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia20_164p
id	acadia20_164p
authors	Lange, Christian; Ratoi, Lidia; Co Lim, Dominic; Hu, Jason; Baker, David M.; Yu, Vriko; Thompson, Phil
year	2020
title	Reformative Coral Habitats
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 164-169
summary	Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecologies in the marine world. They are the habitat to tens of thousands of different marine species. However, these wildlife environments are endangered across the globe. Recent research estimates that around 75 percent of the remaining coral reefs are currently under threat. In 2018 after a devastating storm, Hong Kong lost around 80% of its existing corals. Consequently, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects at The University of Hong Kong has developed a series of performative structures that have been deployed in the city's waters in July 2020, intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. The project was commissioned by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD) and is part of an ongoing active management measure for coral restoration in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong. The following objectives were defined as part of the design and fabrication research of the project. To develop a design strategy that builds on the concept of biomimicry to allow for complex spaces to occur that would provide attributes against the detachment of the inserted coral fragment, hence could enhance a diverse marine life specific to the context of the cities water conditions. To generate an efficient printing path that accommodates the specific morphological design criteria and ensures structural integrity and the functional aspects of the design. To develop an efficient fabrication process with a DIW 3D printing methodology that considers warping, shrinkage, and cracking in the clay material. The research team developed a method that combined an algorithmic design approach for the design of different geometries with a digital additive manufacturing process utilizing robotic 3D clay printing. The overall fabrication strategy for the complex and large pieces sought to ensure structural longevity, optimize production time, and tackle the involved double-sided printing method. Overall, 128 tiles were printed, covering roughly 40sqm of the seabed.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	acadia20_516
id	acadia20_516
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania; Voltl, Christopher; Craney, Ryan
year	2020
title	Additive Thermoplastic Formwork for Freeform Concrete Columns
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 516-525.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.516
summary	The degree of geometric complexity a concrete element can assume is directly linked to our ability to fabricate its formwork. Additive manufacturing allows fabrication of freeform formwork and expands the design possibilities for concrete elements. In particular, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of thermoplastic is a useful method of formwork fabrication due to the lightweight properties of the resulting formwork and the accessibility of FDM 3D printing technology. The research in this area is in early stages of development, including several existing efforts examining the 3D printing of a single material for formwork— including two medium-scale projects using PLA and PVA. However, the performance of 3D printed formwork and its geometric complexity varies, depending on the material used for 3D printing the formwork. To expand the existing research, this paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using 3D printed thermoplastic formwork for fabricating custom concrete elements using multiple thermoplastic materials. This research cross-references and investigates PLA, PVA, PETG, and the combination of PLA-PVA as formwork material, through the design and fabrication of nonstandard structural concrete columns. The formwork was produced using robotic pellet extrusion and filament-based 3D printing. A series of case studies showcase the increased geometric freedom achievable in formwork when 3D printing with multiple materials. They investigate the potential variations in fabrication methods and their print characteristics when using different 3D printing technologies and printing materials. Additionally, the research compares speed, cost, geometric freedom, and surface resolution.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia20_236p
id	acadia20_236p
authors	Anton, Ana; Jipa, Andrei; Reiter, Lex; Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2020
title	Fast Complexity
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 236-241
summary	The concrete industry is responsible for 8% of the global CO2 emissions. Therefore, using concrete in more complex and optimized shapes can have a significant benefit to the environment. Digital fabrication with concrete aims to overcome the geometric limitations of standardized formworks and thereby reduce the ecological footprint of the building industry. One of the most significant material economy potentials is in structural slabs because they represent 85% of the weight of multi-story concrete structures. To address this opportunity, Fast Complexity proposes an automated fabrication process for highly optimized slabs with ornamented soffits. The method combines reusable 3D-printed formwork (3DPF) and 3D concrete printing (3DCP). 3DPF uses binder-jetting, a process with submillimetre resolution. A polyester coating is applied to ensure reusability and smooth concrete surfaces otherwise not achievable with 3DCP alone. 3DPF is selectively used only where high-quality finishing is necessary, while all other surfaces are fabricated formwork-free with 3DCP. The 3DCP process was developed interdisciplinary at ETH Zürich and employs a two-component material system consisting of Portland cement mortar and calcium aluminate cement accelerator paste. This fabrication process provides a seamless transition from digital casting to 3DCP in a continuous automated process. Fast Complexity selectively uses two complementary additive manufacturing methods, optimizing the fabrication speed. In this regard, the prototype exhibits two different surface qualities, reflecting the specific resolutions of the two digital processes. 3DCP inherits the fine resolution of the 3DPF strictly for the smooth, visible surfaces of the soffit, for which aesthetics are essential. In contrast, the hidden parts of the slab use the coarse resolution specific to the 3DCP process, not requiring any formwork and implicitly achieving faster fabrication. In the context of an increased interest in construction additive manufacturing, Fast Complexity explicitly addresses the low resolution, lack of geometric freedom, and limited reinforcement options typical to layered extrusion 3DCP, as well as the limited customizability in concrete technology.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	sigradi2020_297
id	sigradi2020_297
authors	Arboleda Pardo, Juan Gabriel; García-Alvarado, Rodrigo; Martínez Rocamora, Alejandro
year	2020
title	BIM-modeling and programming of curved concrete walls for 3D-printed construction
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 297-305
summary	This article presents the parametric design and modeling in BIM of curved walls for 3d-printed construction in concrete, seeking to manage the reduction of materials and construction execution times, and enhance its architectural expression. The process described here is structured in the following phases: (i) conceptual preliminary design exploration, defining formal parameters in Revit, (ii) parametric modeling with Dynamo and Revit, (iii) integration of structural validation and printing programming of the robotic arm, and examples of execution with 3D-printed construction.
keywords	BIM, Parametric programming, 3D-printed Construction, Curved wall, Digital fabrication
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	cdrf2019_297
id	cdrf2019_297
authors	H. Mohamed, D. W. Bao, and R. Snooks
year	2020
title	Super Composite: Carbon Fibre Infused 3D Printed Tectonics
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_28
summary	This research posits an innovative process of embedding carbon fibre as the primary structure within large-scale polymer 3D printed intricate architectural forms. The design and technical implications of this research are explored and demonstrated through two proto-architectural projects, Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud, developed by the RMIT Architecture Snooks Research Lab. These projects are designed through a tectonic approach that we describe as a super composite – an approach that creates a compression of tectonics through algorithmic selforganisation and advanced manufacturing. Framed within a critical view of the lineage of polymer 3D printing and high tech fibres in the field of architectural design, the research outlines the limitations of existing robotic processes employed in contemporary carbon fibre fabrication. In response, the paper proposes an approach we describe asInfused Fibre Reinforced Plastic (IFRP) as a novel fabrication method for intricate geometries. This method involves 3D printing of sacrificial formwork conduits within the skin of complex architectural forms that are infused with continuous carbon fibre structural elements. Through detailed observation and critical review of Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud (Fig. 2), the paper assesses innovations and challenges of this research in areas including printing, detailing, structural analysis and FEA modelling. The paper notes how these techniques have been refined through the iterative design of the two projects, including the development of fibre distribution mapping to optimise the structural performance.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	ecaade2021_011
id	ecaade2021_011
authors	Nováková, Kateøina and Vele, Jiøí
year	2021
title	Prvok - An experiment with 3D printing large doublecurved concrete structure
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 137-144
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.137
summary	In this experimental research project we report on the manufacturing process of the first full-size 3D printed concrete structure in our country. The house was 3D printed by an ABB IRB 6700 robot whose range we made fit with the requirements for transportation size and also, its range determined the size and geometry of the house. During the transformation process from sketch to code we involved students to apply computational design methods. We designed the main load bearing structure which had to be thinnest and lightest possible together with its insulation features and printability. We were aware of the world-wide research in this field started by NASA centennial Challenge called 3D-printed-habitat [Roman,2020] as well as start-ups derived from this research [1,2,3,4]. During the project, we investigated the following matters: (1) the relationship between geometry of the wall in model and in practice (2), setting of the robot and the mixture; and (3) stress test of the wall. With the results of the test we aimed at contribution to standardisation of 3D printed structures in ISO/ASTM 52939:2021. The finalized structure, named "Prvok", was made to prove printability of the mixture and stability of the design.
keywords	3D printing; robot; concrete; grasshopper; experiment; house
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia20_238
id	acadia20_238
authors	Zhang, Hang
year	2020
title	Text-to-Form
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 238-247.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.238
summary	Traditionally, architects express their thoughts on the design of 3D architectural forms via perspective renderings and standardized 2D drawings. However, as architectural design is always multidimensional and intricate, it is difficult to make others understand the design intention, concrete form, and even spatial layout through simple language descriptions. Benefiting from the fast development of machine learning, especially natural language processing and convolutional neural networks, this paper proposes a Linguistics-based Architectural Form Generative Model (LAFGM) that could be trained to make 3D architectural form predictions based simply on language input. Several related works exist that focus on learning text-to-image generation, while others have taken a further step by generating simple shapes from the descriptions. However, the text parsing and output of these works still remain either at the 2D stage or confined to a single geometry. On the basis of these works, this paper used both Stanford Scene Graph Parser (Sebastian et al. 2015) and graph convolutional networks (Kipf and Welling 2016) to compile the analytic semantic structure for the input texts, then generated the 3D architectural form expressed by the language descriptions, which is also aided by several optimization algorithms. To a certain extent, the training results approached the 3D form intended in the textual description, not only indicating the tremendous potential of LAFGM from linguistic input to 3D architectural form, but also innovating design expression and communication regarding 3D spatial information.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2020_146
id	caadria2020_146
authors	Lertsithichai, Surapong
year	2020
title	Fantastic Facades and How to Build Them
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 355-364
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.355
summary	As part of an ongoing investigation in augmented architecture, the exploration of an architectural facade as a crucial element of architecture is a challenging design experiment. We believe that new architectural facades when seamlessly integrated with augmented architecture, enhanced with multiple functionalities, interactivity and performative qualities can extend a building's use beyond its typical function and limited lifespan. Augmented facades or "Fantastic Facades," can be seen as a separate entity from the internal spaces inside the building but at the same time, can also be seen as an integral part of the building as a whole that connects users, spaces, functions and interactivity between inside and outside. An option design studio for 4th year architecture students was offered to conduct this investigation for a duration of one semester. During the process of form generations, students experimented with various 2D and 3D techniques including biomimicry and generative designs, biomechanics or animal movement patterns, leaf stomata patterns, porous bubble patterns, and origami fold patterns. Eventually, five facade designs were carried on towards the final step of incorporating performative interactions and contextual programs to the facade requirements of an existing building or structure in Bangkok.
keywords	Facade Design; Augmented Architecture; Form Generation; Surface System; Performative Interactions
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2020_484
id	ecaade2020_484
authors	Aguilar, Pavel, Borunda, Luis and Pardal, Cristina
year	2020
title	Additive Manufacturing of Variable-Density Ceramics, Photocatalytic and Filtering Slats
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 97-106
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.097
summary	Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the potential development of novel architectural applications of ceramic building components that can be engineered at the level of material to the extent of designing its performance and properties by density variations. This research presents a computational method and fabrication technique emulating complex material behavior via AM of intricate geometries and presents components with photocatalytic and climatic properties. It proposes an innovative application of AM of ceramic components in architecture to explore potential bioclimatic and antipollution performative use. Lattices are defined and manufactured with density variation gradients by tracing rectilinear clay deposition toolpaths that induce porosity intended for fluid filtering and to maximize sun exposure. The design method for photocatalytic, particle filtration and evaporative cooling local characterization introduced by complex patterning elements in architectural envelope slat components processed with radiation analysis influenced design are validated by simulation and experimental testing on specimens manufactured by paste extrusion.
keywords	Ceramic 3D Printing; Paste Extrusion; Photocatalytic Filter; Performative Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_108p
id	acadia20_108p
authors	Akbarzadeh, Masoud; Ghomi, Ali Tabatabaie; Bolhassani, Mohammad; Akbari, Mostafa; Seyedahmadian, Alireza; Papalexiou, Konstantinos
year	2020
title	Saltatur
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 108-113.
summary	The Saltatur (Dancer in Latin) demonstrates innovative research in the design and fabrication of a prefab structure consisting of spatial concrete nodes assembled in a compression-only configuration. The compression-only body is kept in equilibrium using the post-tensioning steel rods at the top and the bottom of the structure, supporting an ultra-thin glass structure on its top. A node-based assembly was considered as a method of construction. An innovative detailing was developed that allows locking each member in its exact location in the body, obviating the need for a particular assembly sequence. A bespoke steel connection transfers the tensile forces between the concrete members effectively. Achieving a high level of efficiency in utilizing concrete for spatial systems requires a robust and powerful structural design and fabrication approach that has been meticulously exhibited in this project. The structural form of the project was developed using a three-dimensional geometry-based structural design method known as 3D Graphic Statics with precise control over the magnitude of the lateral forces in the system. The entire concrete body of the structure is held in compression by the tension ties at the top and bottom of the structure with no horizontal reactions at the supports. This particular internal distribution of forces in the form of the compression-only body reduces the bending moment in the system and, therefore, the required mass to span such a distance.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	acadia20_208p
id	acadia20_208p
authors	Bernier-Lavigne, Samuel
year	2020
title	Object-Field
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 208-213
summary	This project aims to continue the correlative study between two fundamental entities of digital architecture: the object and the field. Following periods of experimentations on the ""field"" (materialization of flows of data through animation), the ""field of objects"" (parametricism), the ""object"" (OOO), we investigate the last possible interaction remaining: the ""object-field,"" by merging the formal characteristics of the object with the structural flow of its internal field. This investigation is achieved by exploring the high-resolution features of 3d printing in the design of autonomous architectural objects expressing materiality through topological optimization. The objects are generated by an iterative process of volumetric reduction, resulting in an ensemble of monoliths. Four of them are selected and analyzed through topological optimization in order to extract their internal fields. Next, a series of high-resolution algorithmic systems translate the structural information into 3d printed materiality. Of the four object-fields, one materializes, close to identical, the result of the optimization, giving the keystone to understanding the others. The second one expresses the structural flow through a 1mm voxel system, informed by the optimization, having the effect of stiffening the structure where it is needed and thus generating a new topography on the object. The last two explore the blur that this high-resolution can paradoxically create, with complete integration of the optimal structure in a transparent monolith. This is achieved by a vertex displacement algorithm, and the dissolution of the formal data of the monolith and the structural flows, through the mereological assembly of simple linear elements. For each object-field, a series of drawings was developed using specific algorithmic procedures derived from the peculiarities of their complex geometry. The drawings aim to catalyze coherence throughout the project, where similarities, hitherto kept apart by the multiple materialities, begin to dialogue.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	caadria2020_160
id	caadria2020_160
authors	Bruce, Caitlin, Sweet, Kevin and Ok, Jeongbin
year	2020
title	Closing the Loop - Recycling Waste Plastic
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 135-144
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.135
summary	Worldwide we produce billions of tonnes of waste per year, including a million tonnes of plastic waste. Currently, there are methods for recycling plastic, but these methods can be expensive and time-consuming, resulting in most of the plastic being thrown into the landfill. Because plastic does not fully degrade, it ends up in the ocean and other waterways, poisoning the water with toxins. The purpose of this research is to provide a solution to reducing plastic waste by creating an alternative method of recycling that utilises new technologies such as additive manufacturing, to create a building material that fits into the concept of the circular economy. The findings of this research explored the recycling of plastic by collecting plastic waste such as PLA (Polylactic Acid) from old 3D printed models and other sources. The plastic was recycled into filament for additive manufacturing (AM) and used to print a building component, establishing a foundational proof of concept for the use of recycled plastic as a potential building material.
keywords	Additive Manufacturing; 3D Printing; Recycling Plastic ; Recycled Filament ; Waste Plastic
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2020_412
id	caadria2020_412
authors	Capunaman, Ozguc Bertug
year	2020
title	CAM as a Tool for Creative Expression - Informing Digital Fabrication through Human Interaction
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 243-252
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.243
summary	Contemporary digital design and fabrication tools often present deterministic and pre-programmed workflows. This limits the potential for developing a deeper understanding of materials within the process. This paper presents an interactive and adaptive design-fabrication workflow where the user can actively take turns in the fabrication process. The proposed experimental setup utilizes paste extrusion additive manufacturing in tandem with real-time control of an industrial robotic arm. By incorporating a computer-vision based feedback loop, it captures momentary changes in the fabricated artifact introduced by the users to inform the digital representation. Using the updated digital representation, the proposed system can offer simple design hypotheses for the user to evaluate and adapt future toolpaths accordingly. This paper presents the development of the experimental setup and delineates critical concepts and their motivation.
keywords	Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Manufacturing (CAM); Human Computer Interaction; 3D Printing; Interactive Digital Fabrication; Robotic Fabrication
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ecaade2020_348
id	ecaade2020_348
authors	Chiujdea, Ruxandra Stefania and Nicholas, Paul
year	2020
title	Design and 3D Printing Methodologies for Cellulose-based Composite Materials
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 547-554
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.547
summary	A growing awareness of architecture's environmental responsibility is encouraging a shift from an industrial age to an ecological one. This shift emphasises a new era of materiality, characterised by a special focus on bio-polymers. The potential of these materials is to address unsustainable modes of resource consumption, and to rebalance our relationship with the natural. However, bio-polymers also challenge current design and manufacturing practices, which rely on highly manufactured and standardized materials. In this paper, we present material experiments and digital design and fabrication methodologies for cellulose-based composites, to create porous biodegradable panels. Cellulose, the most abundant bio-polymer on Earth, has potential for differentiated architectural applications. A key limit is the critical role of additive fabrication methods for larger scale elements, which are a subject of ongoing research. In this paper, we describe how controlling the interdependent relationship between the additive manufacturing process and the material grading enables the manipulation of the material's performance, and the related control aspects including printing parameters such as speed, nozzle diameter, air flow, etc., as well as tool path trajectory. Our design exploration responds to the emerging fabrication methods to achieve different levels of porosity and depth which define the geometry of a panel.
keywords	cellulose-based composite material; additive manufacturing; material grading; digital fabrication; spatial print trajectory; porous panels
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2020_299
id	ecaade2020_299
authors	Colmo, Claudia and Ayres, Phil
year	2020
title	3d Printed Bio-hybrid Structures - Investigating the architectural potentials of mycoremediation
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 573-582
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.573
summary	In this paper, we present a speculative design concept for a mycelium-based living bio-hybrid architectural system. The system combines inoculated lignocellulosic substrates with soil-based 3d printed structures that function as growth scaffolds, material boundaries and spatial organisers. The primary objective of the system is to exploit mycelium as a living remediator of contaminated sites, in the form of architectural proposition. The feasibility of this concept is investigated in two ways: 1) material composition development and process control parameters for soil-based 3d printing, 2) the synthesis of printed prototypes to determine geometric and environmental parameters for promoting colonisation of mycelium and supporting its role as both structural binder and 'Mycorestoration' agent. This work is contextualised with reference to the state-of-the-art in order to identify the research gap and articulate the contribution of a mycelium-based remediating architecture. The merits and limits of the experimental results are reflected upon and trajectories of further investigation outlined.
keywords	mycelium; mycorestoration; soil contamination; 3d printing; bio-hybrid architecture; design based experimentation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2023_99
id	ecaade2023_99
authors	Dervishaj, Arlind, Fonsati, Arianna, Hernández Vargas, José and Gudmundsson, Kjartan
year	2023
title	Modelling Precast Concrete for a Circular Economy in the Built Environment
source	Dokonal, W, Hirschberg, U and Wurzer, G (eds.), Digital Design Reconsidered - Proceedings of the 41st Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2023) - Volume 2, Graz, 20-22 September 2023, pp. 177–186
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2023.2.177
summary	In recent years, there has been a growing interest in adopting circular approaches in the built environment, specifically reusing existing buildings or their components in new projects. To achieve this, drawings, laser scanning, photogrammetry and other techniques are used to capture data on buildings and their materials. Although previous studies have explored scan-to-BIM workflows, automation of 2D drawings to 3D models, and machine learning for identifying building components and materials, a significant gap remains in refining this data into the right level of information required for digital twins, to share information and for digital collaboration in designing for reuse. To address this gap, this paper proposes digital guidelines for reusing precast concrete based on the level of information need (LOIN) standard EN 17412-1:2020 and examines several CAD and BIM modelling strategies. These guidelines can be used to prepare digital templates that become digital twins of existing elements, develop information requirements for use cases, and facilitate data integration and sharing for a circular built environment.
keywords	building information modelling (BIM), circular construction, reuse, concrete
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2023/12/10 10:49

_id	ecaade2020_037
id	ecaade2020_037
authors	Dortheimer, Jonathan, Neuman, Eran and Milo, Tova
year	2020
title	A Novel Crowdsourcing-based Approach for Collaborative Architectural Design
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 155-164
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.155
summary	This paper provides an overview of "Architasker", a large-scale crowdsourcing approach, platform, and method that enables a collaborative professional architectural design process in collaboration with a community of stakeholders. The platform includes communicating complex architectural project requirements; solution space exploration using different micro-tasks like sketching, 2D and 3D CAD; design selection; and design review as an evolutionary process. The architectural crowdsourcing model underlying the platform is contextualized in the state-of-the-art research on creative crowdsourcing methods and is supported by relevant evidence from empirical experiments. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the method to generate architectural artifacts by harnessing the skills, talents, and experience of architects and the opinions and values of the stakeholders.
keywords	Crowdsourcing; Participatory Design; Human Computation; Creative Crowdsourcing; Co-Design; Collective Intelligence
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia20_594
id	acadia20_594
authors	Farahbakhsh, Mehdi; Kalantar, Negar; Rybkowski, Zofia
year	2020
title	Impact of Robotic 3D Printing Process Parameters on Bond Strength
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 594-603.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.594
summary	Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, offers advantages over traditional construction technologies, increasing material efficiency, fabrication precision, and speed. However, many AM projects in academia and industrial institutions do not comply with building codes. Consequently, they are not considered safe structures for public utilization and have languished as exhibition prototypes. While three discrete scales—micro, mezzo, and macro—are investigated for AM with paste in this paper, structural integrity has been tackled on the mezzo scale to investigate the impact of process parameters on the bond strength between layers in an AM process. Real-world material deposition in a robotic-assisted AM process is subject to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, the load of upper layers, the pressure of the nozzle on printed layers, etc. Those factors add a secondary geometric characteristic to the printed objects that was missing in the initial digital model. This paper introduces a heuristic workflow for investigating the impacts of three selective process parameters on the bond strength between layers of paste in the robotic-assisted AM of large-scale structures. The workflow includes a method for adding the secondary geometrical characteristic to the initial 3D model by employing X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scanning, digital image processing, and 3D reconstruction. Ultimately, the proposed workflow offers a pattern library that can be used by an architect or artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in automated AM processes to create robust architectural forms.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

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