Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	acadia20_372
id	acadia20_372
authors	Nelson, Cameron; Sabin, Jenny
year	2020
title	Shape-Programmed Self-Assembly of Bead Structures
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.372
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 372-381.
summary	This paper demonstrates the potential of a robust, low-cost approach to programmable matter using beads and string to achieve complex shapes with novel self-organizing and deformational properties. The method is inspired by the observation that beads forced together along a string will become constrained until they spontaneously rigidify. This behavior is easily observed using any household string and flat-faced beads and recalls the mechanism behind classic crafts such as push puppets. However, specific examples of architectural applications are lacking. We analyze how this phenomenon occurs through static force analyses, physical tests, and simulation, using a rigid body physics engine to validate digital prototypes. We develop a method of designing custom bead geometries able to be produced via generic 3D-printing technology, as well as a computational path-planning toolkit for designing ways of threading beads together. We demonstrate how these custom bead geometries and threading paths influence the acquired structure and its assembly. Finally, we propose a means of scaling up this phenomenon, suggesting potential applications in deployable architecture, mortarless assembly of nonfunicular masonry, and responsive architectural systems.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia20_238
id	acadia20_238
authors	Zhang, Hang
year	2020
title	Text-to-Form
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.238
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 238-247.
summary	Traditionally, architects express their thoughts on the design of 3D architectural forms via perspective renderings and standardized 2D drawings. However, as architectural design is always multidimensional and intricate, it is difficult to make others understand the design intention, concrete form, and even spatial layout through simple language descriptions. Benefiting from the fast development of machine learning, especially natural language processing and convolutional neural networks, this paper proposes a Linguistics-based Architectural Form Generative Model (LAFGM) that could be trained to make 3D architectural form predictions based simply on language input. Several related works exist that focus on learning text-to-image generation, while others have taken a further step by generating simple shapes from the descriptions. However, the text parsing and output of these works still remain either at the 2D stage or confined to a single geometry. On the basis of these works, this paper used both Stanford Scene Graph Parser (Sebastian et al. 2015) and graph convolutional networks (Kipf and Welling 2016) to compile the analytic semantic structure for the input texts, then generated the 3D architectural form expressed by the language descriptions, which is also aided by several optimization algorithms. To a certain extent, the training results approached the 3D form intended in the textual description, not only indicating the tremendous potential of LAFGM from linguistic input to 3D architectural form, but also innovating design expression and communication regarding 3D spatial information.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia20_350
id	acadia20_350
authors	Atanasova, Lidia; Mitterberger, Daniela; Sandy, Timothy; Gramazio, Fabio; Kohler, Matthias; Dörfler, Kathrin
year	2020
title	Prototype As Artefact
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.350
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 350-359.
summary	In digital design-to-fabrication workflows in architecture, in which digitally controlled machines perform complex fabrication tasks, all design decisions are typically made before production. In such processes, the formal definition of the final shape is explicitly inscribed into the design model by means of corresponding step-by-step machine instructions. The increasing use of augmented reality (AR) technologies for digital fabrication workflows, in which people are instructed to carry out complex fabrication tasks via AR interfaces, creates an opportunity to question and adjust the level of detail and the nature of such explicit formal definitions. People’s cognitive abilities could be leveraged to integrate explicit machine intelligence with implicit human knowledge and creativity, and thus to open up digital fabrication to intuitive and spontaneous design decisions during the building process. To address this question, this paper introduces open-ended Prototype-as-Artefact fabrication workflows that examine the possibilities of designing and creative choices while building in a human-robot collaborative setting. It describes the collaborative assembly of a complex timber structure with alternating building actions by two people and a collaborative robot, interfacing via a mobile device with object tracking and AR visualization functions. The spatial timber assembly being constructed follows a predefined grammar but is not planned at the beginning of the process; it is instead designed during fabrication. Prototype-as-Artefact thus serves as a case study to probe the potential of both intuitive and rational aspects of building and to create new collaborative work processes between humans and machines.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia20_638
id	acadia20_638
authors	Claypool, Mollie; Jimenez Garcia, Manuel; Retsin, Gilles; Jaschke, Clara; Saey, Kevin
year	2020
title	Discrete Automation
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.638
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 638-647.
summary	Globally, the built environment is inequitable. And while construction automation is often heralded as the solution to labor shortages and the housing crisis, such methods tend to focus on technology, neglecting the wider socioeconomic contexts. Automated Architecture (AUAR), a spinoff of AUAR Labs at The Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, asserts that a values-centered, decentralized approach to automation centered around local communities can begin to address this material hegemony. The paper introduces and discusses AUAR’s platform-based framework, Discrete Automation, which subverts the status quo of automation that excludes those who are already disadvantaged into an inclusive network capable of providing solutions to both the automation gap and the assembly problem. Through both the wider context of existing modular housing platforms and issues of the current use of automated technologies in architectural production, Discrete Automation is discussed through the example of Block Type A, a discrete timber building system, which in conjunction with its combinatorial app constitutes the base of a community-led housing platform developed by AUAR. Built case studies are introduced alongside a discussion of the applied methodologies and an outlook on the platform’s potential for scalability in an equitable, sustainable manner.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2020_408
id	ecaade2020_408
authors	Grasser, Alexander, Parger, Alexandra and Hirschberg, Urs
year	2020
title	Pervasive Collaboration and Tangible Complexity in Realtime Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.393
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 393-400
summary	This paper reports on an ongoing experiment in design collaboration: an open collaborative realtime environment that enables participatory design activities in spatially distributed teams. The project builds on online platforms and open source ways of sharing design ideas, but also on recent advances in shared augmented reality enabled by game engine technology. Furthermore it focuses on combinatorial design of collaborative objects: the models shared in this way are not just geometric forms, but informed systems of parts with a procedural or combinatorial logic, an assembly strategy. By pooling and aggregating such intelligent assembly systems in a shared online realtime design space we are trying to move towards pervasive collaboration in architecture. Authors taking part in the project are united in a shared persistent design space and can design collectively. They experience what we refer to as tangible complexity: a playful mode of aggregating and combining design ideas of different authors. We argue that this pervasive collaboration can lead to novel types of complexity: an architecture of socially augmented formations.
keywords	Collaborative Objects; Realtime Architecture; Tangible Complexity
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ecaade2020_484
id	ecaade2020_484
authors	Aguilar, Pavel, Borunda, Luis and Pardal, Cristina
year	2020
title	Additive Manufacturing of Variable-Density Ceramics, Photocatalytic and Filtering Slats
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.097
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 97-106
summary	Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers the potential development of novel architectural applications of ceramic building components that can be engineered at the level of material to the extent of designing its performance and properties by density variations. This research presents a computational method and fabrication technique emulating complex material behavior via AM of intricate geometries and presents components with photocatalytic and climatic properties. It proposes an innovative application of AM of ceramic components in architecture to explore potential bioclimatic and antipollution performative use. Lattices are defined and manufactured with density variation gradients by tracing rectilinear clay deposition toolpaths that induce porosity intended for fluid filtering and to maximize sun exposure. The design method for photocatalytic, particle filtration and evaporative cooling local characterization introduced by complex patterning elements in architectural envelope slat components processed with radiation analysis influenced design are validated by simulation and experimental testing on specimens manufactured by paste extrusion.
keywords	Ceramic 3D Printing; Paste Extrusion; Photocatalytic Filter; Performative Design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_108p
id	acadia20_108p
authors	Akbarzadeh, Masoud; Ghomi, Ali Tabatabaie; Bolhassani, Mohammad; Akbari, Mostafa; Seyedahmadian, Alireza; Papalexiou, Konstantinos
year	2020
title	Saltatur
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 108-113.
summary	The Saltatur (Dancer in Latin) demonstrates innovative research in the design and fabrication of a prefab structure consisting of spatial concrete nodes assembled in a compression-only configuration. The compression-only body is kept in equilibrium using the post-tensioning steel rods at the top and the bottom of the structure, supporting an ultra-thin glass structure on its top. A node-based assembly was considered as a method of construction. An innovative detailing was developed that allows locking each member in its exact location in the body, obviating the need for a particular assembly sequence. A bespoke steel connection transfers the tensile forces between the concrete members effectively. Achieving a high level of efficiency in utilizing concrete for spatial systems requires a robust and powerful structural design and fabrication approach that has been meticulously exhibited in this project. The structural form of the project was developed using a three-dimensional geometry-based structural design method known as 3D Graphic Statics with precise control over the magnitude of the lateral forces in the system. The entire concrete body of the structure is held in compression by the tension ties at the top and bottom of the structure with no horizontal reactions at the supports. This particular internal distribution of forces in the form of the compression-only body reduces the bending moment in the system and, therefore, the required mass to span such a distance.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	ecaade2020_418
id	ecaade2020_418
authors	Barczik, Günter and Königstein, Gesa
year	2020
title	Immediacy, Tools and Topography - Towards overcoming the digital divide between designers and developers
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.709
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 709-715
summary	We introduce direct, versatile and almost tactile techniques for designing topographies and density distributions in architecture and landscape architecture through a sequence of digital 2D drawing and 3D modeling tools. We situate these techniques within the broader context of the growing digital divide between designers and developers of design tools. We explain, demonstrate and discuss:(i) the relevance of the techniques in design tasks, (ii) advantages of our tool sequences, (iii) the functionality of the tools, their hitherto underused connection and their sequential use. We reason that hitherto, accessibility of design tools (or simplicity of input and handling) has been much less developed than their performance (or complexity of output and variability) and call on developers to remedy this.
keywords	Landscape Architecture; Topography Design; Design Tools
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia20_208p
id	acadia20_208p
authors	Bernier-Lavigne, Samuel
year	2020
title	Object-Field
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 208-213
summary	This project aims to continue the correlative study between two fundamental entities of digital architecture: the object and the field. Following periods of experimentations on the ""field"" (materialization of flows of data through animation), the ""field of objects"" (parametricism), the ""object"" (OOO), we investigate the last possible interaction remaining: the ""object-field,"" by merging the formal characteristics of the object with the structural flow of its internal field. This investigation is achieved by exploring the high-resolution features of 3d printing in the design of autonomous architectural objects expressing materiality through topological optimization. The objects are generated by an iterative process of volumetric reduction, resulting in an ensemble of monoliths. Four of them are selected and analyzed through topological optimization in order to extract their internal fields. Next, a series of high-resolution algorithmic systems translate the structural information into 3d printed materiality. Of the four object-fields, one materializes, close to identical, the result of the optimization, giving the keystone to understanding the others. The second one expresses the structural flow through a 1mm voxel system, informed by the optimization, having the effect of stiffening the structure where it is needed and thus generating a new topography on the object. The last two explore the blur that this high-resolution can paradoxically create, with complete integration of the optimal structure in a transparent monolith. This is achieved by a vertex displacement algorithm, and the dissolution of the formal data of the monolith and the structural flows, through the mereological assembly of simple linear elements. For each object-field, a series of drawings was developed using specific algorithmic procedures derived from the peculiarities of their complex geometry. The drawings aim to catalyze coherence throughout the project, where similarities, hitherto kept apart by the multiple materialities, begin to dialogue.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaade2024_222
id	ecaade2024_222
authors	Bindreiter, Stefan; Sisman, Yosun; Forster, Julia
year	2024
title	Visualise Energy Saving Potentials in Settlement Development: By linking transport and energy simulation models for municipal planning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2024.2.079
source	Kontovourkis, O, Phocas, MC and Wurzer, G (eds.), Data-Driven Intelligence - Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Education and Research in Computer Aided Architectural Design in Europe (eCAADe 2024), Nicosia, 11-13 September 2024, Volume 2, pp. 79–88
summary	To achieve Sustainable Development Goals, in addition to the switch to sustainable energy sources and energy-efficient buildings, transport offers a major lever for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gases. The increasing demand for emission-free mobility (e.g. through electromobility) but also heat pumps has a direct impact on the electricity consumption of buildings and settlements. It is still difficult to simulate the effects and interactions of different measures as sector coupling concepts require comprehensible tools for ex ante evaluation of planning measures at the community level and the linking of domain-specific models (energy, transport). Using the municipality of Bruck an der Leitha (Austria) as an example, a digital twin based on an open data model (Bednar et al., 2020) is created for the development of methods, which can be used to simulate measures to improve the settlement structure within the municipality. Forecast models for mobility (Schmaus, 2019; Ritz, 2019) and the building stock are developed or applied and linked via the open data model to be able to run through development scenarios and variants. The forecasting and visualisation options created in the project form the basis for the ex-ante evaluation of measures and policies on the way to a Positive-Energy-District. By identifying and collecting missing data, data gaps are filled for the simulation of precise models in the specific study area. A digital, interactive 3D model is created to examine the forecast results and the different scenarios.
keywords	visualisation, decision support, sector coupling, holistic spatial energy models for municipal planning, (energy) saving potentials in settlement development
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2024/11/17 22:05

_id	acadia20_564
id	acadia20_564
authors	Cutajar, Sacha; Costalonga Martins, Vanessa; van der Hoven, Christo; Baszyñski, Piotr; Dahy, Hanaa
year	2020
title	Towards Modular Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Architecture
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.564
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 564-573.
summary	Driven by the ecological crisis looming over the 21st century, the construction sector must urgently seek alternative design solutions to current building practices. In the wake of emergent digital technologies and novel material strategies, this research proposes a lightweight architectural solution using natural fiber-reinforced polymers (NFRP), which elicit interest for their inherent renewability as compared to high-performance yarns. Two associated fabrication techniques are deployed: tailored fiber placement (TFP) and coreless filament winding (CFW), both favored for their additive efficiencies granted by strategic material placement. A hypothesis is formed, postulating that their combination can leverage the standalone complexities of molds and frames by integrating them as active structural elements. Consequently, the TFP enables the creation of a 2D stiffness-controlled preform to be bent into a permanent scaffold for winding rigid 3D fiber bodies via CFW. A proof of concept is generated via the small-scale prototyping and testing of a stool, with results yielding a design of 1 kg capable of carrying 100 times its weight. Laying the groundwork for a scaled-up architectural proposal, the prototype instigates alterations to the process, most notably the favoring of a modular global design and lapped preform technique. The research concludes with a discussion on the resulting techno-implications for automation, deployment, material life cycle, and aesthetics, rekindling optimism towards future sustainable practices.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2020_456
id	ecaade2020_456
authors	Farinea, Chiara, Awad, Lana, Dubor, Alex and El Atab, Mohamad
year	2020
title	Integrating biophotovoltaic and cyber-physical technologies into a 3D printed wall
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.463
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 463-472
summary	The research presented in this paper investigates the development of "3D printed ceramic green wall", a technological Nature Based Solution (NBS) aimed at regenerating urban areas by improving spatial quality and sustainability through clean and autonomous energy production. Building upon previous research, the challenge of this system is to adapt additive manufacturing processes of ceramic 3D printing with biophotovoltaic systems while simultaneously developing digital and cyber-physical frameworks to generate site and user responsive design and autonomous solutions that optimize system performance and energy generation. The paper explores the complex design negotiations between these drivers, focusing particularly on their performance optimization, and finally highlights the system potential as exemplified through a successful implementation of a 1:1 site responsive wall prototype.
keywords	Nature based solutions; biophotovoltaic systems; additive manufacturing; responsive design; cyber-physical networks; augmented reality
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	cdrf2019_159
id	cdrf2019_159
authors	Hang Zhang and Ye Huang
year	2020
title	Machine Learning Aided 2D-3D Architectural Form Finding at High Resolution
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_15
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
summary	In the past few years, more architects and engineers start thinking about the application of machine learning algorithms in the architectural design field such as building facades generation or floor plans generation, etc. However, due to the relatively slow development of 3D machine learning algorithms, 3D architecture form exploration through machine learning is still a difficult issue for architects. As a result, most of these applications are confined to the level of 2D. Based on the state-of-the-art 2D image generation algorithm, also the method of spatial sequence rules, this article proposes a brand-new strategy of encoding, decoding, and form generation between 2D drawings and 3D models, which we name 2D-3D Form Encoding WorkFlow. This method could provide some innovative design possibilities that generate the latent 3D forms between several different architectural styles. Benefited from the 2D network advantages and the image amplification network nested outside the benchmark network, we have significantly expanded the resolution of training results when compared with the existing form-finding algorithm and related achievements in recent years
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	acadia20_382
id	acadia20_382
authors	Hosmer, Tyson; Tigas, Panagiotis; Reeves, David; He, Ziming
year	2020
title	Spatial Assembly with Self-Play Reinforcement Learning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.382
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 382-393.
summary	We present a framework to generate intelligent spatial assemblies from sets of digitally encoded spatial parts designed by the architect with embedded principles of prefabrication, assembly awareness, and reconfigurability. The methodology includes a bespoke constraint-solving algorithm for autonomously assembling 3D geometries into larger spatial compositions for the built environment. A series of graph-based analysis methods are applied to each assembly to extract performance metrics related to architectural space-making goals, including structural stability, material density, spatial segmentation, connectivity, and spatial distribution. Together with the constraint-based assembly algorithm and analysis methods, we have integrated a novel application of deep reinforcement (RL) learning for training the models to improve at matching the multiperformance goals established by the user through self-play. RL is applied to improve the selection and sequencing of parts while considering local and global objectives. The user’s design intent is embedded through the design of partial units of 3D space with embedded fabrication principles and their relational constraints over how they connect to each other and the quantifiable goals to drive the distribution of effective features. The methodology has been developed over three years through three case study projects called ArchiGo (2017–2018), NoMAS (2018–2019), and IRSILA (2019-2020). Each demonstrates the potential for buildings with reconfigurable and adaptive life cycles.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2020_222
id	ecaade2020_222
authors	Ikeno, Kazunosuke, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2020
title	Automatic Generation of Horizontal Building Mask Images by Using a 3D Model with Aerial Photographs for Deep Learning
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.271
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 271-278
summary	Information extracted from aerial photographs is widely used in urban planning and design. An effective method for detecting buildings in aerial photographs is to use deep learning for understanding the current state of a target region. However, the building mask images used to train the deep learning model are manually generated in many cases. To solve this challenge, a method has been proposed for automatically generating mask images by using virtual reality 3D models for deep learning. Because normal virtual models do not have the realism of a photograph, it is difficult to obtain highly accurate detection results in the real world even if the images are used for deep learning training. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose a method for automatically generating building mask images by using 3D models with textured aerial photographs for deep learning. The model trained on datasets generated by the proposed method could detect buildings in aerial photographs with an accuracy of IoU = 0.622. Work left for the future includes changing the size and type of mask images, training the model, and evaluating the accuracy of the trained model.
keywords	Urban planning and design; Deep learning; Semantic segmentation; Mask image; Training data; Automatic design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2020_120
id	ecaade2020_120
authors	Ishikawa, Daichi, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2020
title	A Mixed Reality Coordinate System for Multiple HMD Users Manipulating Real-time Point Cloud Objects - Towards virtual and interactive 3D synchronous sharing of physical objects in teleconference during design study
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.197
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 197-206
summary	Teleconferences without travel costs are useful for building a consensus in design. However, conventional teleconferencing using computer displays and web cameras is well known to have performance problems due to the lack of co-presence feeling with remote participants and the difficulty in sharing three dimensional (3D) information intuitively. This research proposes a method to share the mixed reality (MR) coordinate system for multiple head-mounted display (HMD) users manipulating real-time point cloud objects for the virtual and interactive 3D synchronous sharing in teleconferences. In our proposed method, the reference point of the virtual world coordinate system called world anchor and local coordinates of segmented point cloud objects in real-time are shared among HMDs via a server PC to share the same MR coordinate system. Using this method, the result of moving and rotating manipulation using hand gestures for segmented point cloud objects by an HMD user are reflected in the other HMD users. We developed a prototype system and evaluated the performance of the system when multiple users used this system. Future works include adapting this system to multiple RGB-D cameras and the internet environment.
keywords	Mixed reality coordinate system; Real-time point clouds; Multiple User Interaction; Teleconference; 3D Synchronous Physical Object Sharing
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2020_503
id	ecaade2020_503
authors	Jansen, Igor and Pi¹tek, £ukasz
year	2020
title	The Evolutionary-algorithm-based Automation of the Initial Stage of Apartment Building Design
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.105
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 105-114
summary	The development of information technologies has resulted in a strong return of interest in the concept of automating the design process. Most of the attempts such as works of Hersey and Freedman, Duarte or the PRISM application are based on shape grammars. Another approach is evolutionary simulations in concept creation augmentation such as works of Dogan, Saratsis and Reinhart or Nahara and Terzidis.This study examines to what extent evolutionary algorithms can be used to automate early stages of residential multi-family building architectural design. To facilitate informed decision-making, a tool capable of analysing a building plot and proposing the best fitting building shape was designed and tested with Polish legal regulations taken into consideration.A script generating, analysing, and evolutionally optimising a 3D model of the apartment building, was developed. All models met the basic legal conditions and were optimised by four criteria - view obstruction, insolation, maximal allowed floor area built and building compactness. The script was later used on selected building plots producing thousands of solutions. The best performing solutions were selected and presented together with their calculated parameters.
keywords	genetic algorithm; evolutionary simulation; residential building; design automation
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	caadria2020_088
id	caadria2020_088
authors	Kado, Keita, Furusho, Genki, Nakamura, Yusuke and Hirasawa, Gakuhito
year	2020
title	rocess Path Derivation Method for Multi-Tool Processing Machines Using Deep-Learning-Based Three Dimensional Shape Recognition
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.609
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 609-618
summary	When multi-axis processing machines are employed for high-mix, low-volume production, they are operated using a dedicated computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) process that derives an operating path concurrently with detailed modeling. This type of work requires dedicated software that occasionally results in complicated front-loading and data management issues. We proposed a three-dimensional (3D) shape recognition method based on deep learning that creates an operational path from 3D part geometry entered by a CAM application to derive a path for processing machinery such as a circular saw, drill, or end mill. The methodology was tested using 11 joint types and five processing patterns. The results show that the proposed method has several practical applications, as it addresses wooden object creation and may also have other applications.
keywords	Three-dimensional Shape Recognition; Deep Learning; Digital Fabrication; Multi-axis Processing Machine
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ijac202018103
id	ijac202018103
authors	Kimm, Geoff
year	2020
title	Actual and experiential shadow origin tagging: A 2.5D algorithm for efficient precinct-scale modelling
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 1, 41-52
summary	This article describes a novel algorithm for built environment 2.5D digital model shadow generation that allows identities of shadowing sources to be efficiently precalculated. For any point on the ground, all sources of shadowing can be identified and are classified as actual or experiential obstructions to sunlight. The article justifies a 2.5D raster approach in the context of modelling of architectural and urban environments that has in recent times shifted from 2D to 3D, and describes in detail the algorithm which builds on precedents for 2.5D raster calculation of shadows. The algorithm is efficient and is applicable at even precinct scale in low-end computing environments. The simplicity of this new technique, and its independence of GPU coding, facilitates its easy use in research, prototyping and civic engagement contexts. Two research software applications are presented with technical details to demonstrate the algorithm’s use for participatory built environment simulation and generative modelling applications. The algorithm and its shadow origin tagging can be applied to many digital workflows in architectural and urban design, including those using big data, artificial intelligence or community participative processes.
keywords	2.5D raster, actual and experiential shadow origins, generative techniques, participatory built environment simulation, reactive scripting for design
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

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