Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	ijac202018303
id	ijac202018303
authors	Pedersen, Jens; Narendrakrishnan Neythalath, Jay Hesslink, Asbjørn Søndergaard and Dagmar Reinhardt
year	2020
title	Augmented drawn construction symbols: A method for ad hoc robotic fabrication
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 3, 254-269
summary	The global construction industry is one the least productive sectors over a 30-year period, which arguably could be related to virtually no implementation of digital and automation technologies within the construction industry. Construction processes arguably consist of expensive manual labor or manual operation of mechanized processes, where hand-drawn markings on work-objects or partly build structures are used to inform and steer the construction process or allows for ad hoc adjustments of elements. As such, the use of on-object, hand-drawn information is considered integral to the modus operandi of a plurality of construction trades, where timber construction and carpentry are of special interest. In contrast, emerging methods of digital production in timber construction implicitly or explicitly seek to eliminate the interpretive component to the construction work, imposing a top-down paradigm of file-to-factory execution. While such systems offer a performance increase compared to manual labor, it is notoriously sensitive to construction tolerances and requires a high level of specialism to be operated, which could alienate craft-educated workers. This research argues that developing methods for digital production compatible with on- site human interpretation and adaptation can help overcome these challenges. In addition, these methods offer the opportunity to increase the robustness and versatility of digital fabrication in the context of the construction site. The article reports on a new method titled “augmented drawn construction symbols” that through a visual communication system converts on-object hand-drawn markings to CAD drawings and sends them to a robotic system. The process is demonstrated on a full-scale prototypical robot setup.
keywords	Augmented reality, augmented robotics, computational craft, human machine interface
series	other
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:40

_id	caadria2020_233
id	caadria2020_233
authors	Bar-Sinai, Karen Lee, Shaked, Tom and Sprecher, Aaron
year	2020
title	Sensibility at Large - A Post-Anthropocene Vision for Architectural Landscape Editing
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 223-232
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.223
summary	The irreversible imprint of humankind on Earth calls for revisiting current construction practices. This paper forwards a vision for post-Anthropocene, large-scale, architectural, and landscape construction. This vision relates to transforming natural terrains into architecture using on-site robotic tools and enabling greater sustainability through increased sensibility. Despite advancements in large-scale digital fabrication in architecture, the field still mainly focuses on the production of objects. The proposed vision aims to advance theory and practice towards territorial scale digital fabrication of environments. Three notions are proposed: material-aware construction, large-scale customization, and integrated fabrication. These aspects are demonstrated through research and teaching projects. Using scale models, they explore the deployment of robotic tools toward reforming, stabilizing, and reconstituting soil in an architectural context. Together, they propose a theoretical ground for in situ digital fabrication for a new era, relinking architecture to the terrains upon which it is formed.
keywords	Digital Fabrication; territorial scale; on-site robotics; geomaterials; computational design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	caadria2020_060
id	caadria2020_060
authors	Lesna, Joanna Maria and Nicholas, Paul
year	2020
title	De gradus - Programming heterogeneous performance of functionally graded bio-polymers for degradable agricultural shading structures.
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 383-392
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.383
summary	This paper presents an holistic approach to the digital design and fabrication of fungi- and algae-based biopolymers, based on studies and simulations of material properties and post-fabrication behavior. The research is motivated by the problem of plastic waste, the need to create more sustainable manufacturing processes, and the opportunity for material composition and organization to be informed by performance, leading to homogenous, complex and integral architectural elements for temporary architecture of agricultural shading systems. The paper details design and specification methods for functionally graded biopolymer panels, as well as fabrication methods through the making of prototypical built elements. The research details parallel trajectories of: material exploration made out of renewable and biodegradable resources available and abundant in every habitat on the earth; advancement in tools and methods for in-situ robotic additive manufacturing of viscous bio-polymers; development of the strategy for functional grading of the material properties to optimize site specificity and material distribution, and to reduce building material waste. It presents comparative material characterizations, an integrated simulation-based approach to support the process of programming localized performance, and architectural application tested via full-scale prototypes.
keywords	functionally graded material; bio-polymer; programmable matter; robotic farbication; multiscale modeling
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia20_330
id	acadia20_330
authors	Yablonina, Maria; Kubail Kalousdian, Nicolas; Menges, Achim
year	2020
title	Designing [with] Machines
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 330-339.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.330
summary	The aim of this research is to investigate the potential of a design and fabrication workflow that is centered around the development of task- and site-specific robotic systems for in-situ architectural making: Designing [with] Machines (D[w]M). The project proposes an alternative strategy to the established logic of design for production, in which design decisions are a function of affordances and limitations of available fabrication equipment. D[w]M engages the designer to define their own parameter ranges for the fabrication process through simultaneous development of fabrication machines and complimentary material, and architectural systems. In addition to affording more flexibility, D[w]M offers an opportunity to develop robotic fabrication systems uniquely tailored for deployment on sites that are not suited for conventional robotic equipment. In this paper, D[w]M workflow is outlined in the description of a task- and site-specific robotic system for additive fabrication of a tensile filament-wound object in an in-situ environment. Specifically, the presented project investigates design opportunities afforded by cooperative operation of multiple mobile single-axis robots deployed along linear structural elements of the given site. In utilizing column and beam elements as machine locomotion substrates, the system contributes them to the robotic assembly as parts of the in-situ digital fabrication machine.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2020_375
id	caadria2020_375
authors	Kalo, Ammar, Tracy, Kenneth and Tam, Mark
year	2020
title	Robotic Sand Carving - Machining Techniques Derived from a Traditional Balinese Craft
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 443-452
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.443
summary	This paper presents research aimed at translating Ukiran Pasir Melela, traditional Balinese sand carving, into a new robotic-enabled framework for rapidly carving stiff but uncured cement sand blocks to create free-form and architecturally scalable unique volumetric elements. The research aims to reconsider vernacular materials and craft through their integration robotic manufacturing processes and how this activity can provide localized, low energy manufacturing solutions for building in the Anthropocene.Balinese sand carving shows potential advantages over current, and rather environmentally damaging, machining process primarily using soft materials state to make deep, smooth cuts into material with little torque. Transferring this manual and low-impact craft to robotic-enabled fabrication leverages heuristic knowledge developed over decades and opens possibilities for expanding and transforming these capabilities to increase the variability of potential future applications.
keywords	Robotic Fabrication; Computational Design; Traditional Craft
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	ecaade2020_297
id	ecaade2020_297
authors	Schwarzmann, Wolfgang
year	2020
title	Traditional Knowledge on Modern Milling Robots - How CNC-joinery machines promote a renaissance to lost techniques in the profession of a carpenter.
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 597-604
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.597
summary	The profession of a carpenter is changing significantly. Over the last 20-30 years, CNC-joinery machines became ready to penetrate the market and lead to a significant optimization of daily processes in these firms. In this case study, we take a closer look at the working techniques of a carpenter in the Bregenzerwald. This skilled craftsman found a way, of how to translate his expert knowledge on to a CNC-joinery machine. Instead of only following modern, simplified construction methods, he tried to revive historic methods and developed a way to translate his expertise. By scaling up on a technological basis, he was able to reintroduce the so-called 'Dovetail joint' and by that managed to erect the first proof of concept, a single-family house. This research shows, how a new integrated robot enables a way of manufacturing, that otherwise might not be affordable anymore. Benefits of this approach can be seen on a variety of economic and ecologic aspects. As mentioned by the carpenter, these results are encouraging, but for him, the real advantage is the increased empowerment to skill, craft and knowledge typical for his profession.
keywords	robotic fabrication; carpenter; renaissance; knowledge; tradition; wood construction
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	cdrf2019_46
id	cdrf2019_46
authors	Adam Chernick, Christopher Morse, Steve London, Tim Li, David Ménard, John Cerone, and Gregg Pasquarelli
year	2020
title	On-Site BIM-Enabled Augmented Reality for Construction
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_5
summary	We describe a prototype system for communicating building information and models directly to on-site general contractors and subcontractors. The system, developed by SHoP Architects, consists of a workflow of pre-processing information within Revit, post-processing information outside of Revit, combining data flows inside of a custom application built on top of Unity Reflect, and delivering the information through a mobile application on site with an intuitive user interface. This system incorporates augmented reality in combination with a dashboard of documentation views categorized by building element.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	acadia20_226p
id	acadia20_226p
authors	Borhani, Alireza; Kalantar, Negar
year	2020
title	Interlocking Shell
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 226-231
summary	With a specific focus on robotic stereotomy, two full-scale vault structures were designed to explore the potential of self-standing building structures made from interlocking components; these structures were fabricated with a track-mounted industrial-scale robot (ABB 4600). To respond to the economic affordances of robotic subtractive cutting, all uniquely shaped structural modules came from one block of material (48"" x96"" x36""). Through the discretization of curvilinear tessellated vault surfaces into a limited number of uniquely shaped modules with embedded form-fitting connectors, the project exhibited the potential for programming a robot to cut ruled surfaces to produce freeform shells of any kind. Representing nearly zero-waste construction, the developed technology can potentially be used for self-supporting emergency shelters and field medical clinics, facilitating easy shipping and speedy assembly. Without using any scaffolding, a few people can erect and dismantle an entire mortar-free structure at the construction site. The disassembled structure occupies minimal space in storage, and the structure’s pieces can be transported to the site in stacks. Robot milling is a common technique for removing material to transform a block into a sculptural shape. Unlike milling techniques that produce significant waste, we used a hotwire that sliced through a Geofoam block to create almost no waste pieces. Since the front side of every module was concurrent with the backside of the next one, such a decision allowed to operate just one cut per front side of each module. In this case, by having three cuts, two neighboring modules were fabricated. The form of the structure and its modules emerged from the constraints of the fabrication technique, aiming to establish a feedback loop between geometry, material, simulation, and tool. By cross-referencing geometric data across Grasshopper, a customized tessellation script was made to breakdown a vault into its modular ruled surface constructs.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaade2020_240
id	ecaade2020_240
authors	Bouza, Hayley and Aºut, Serdar
year	2020
title	Advancing Reed-Based Architecture through Circular Digital Fabrication
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 117-126
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.117
summary	This paper presents a completed research project that proposes a new approach for creating circular buildings through the use of biodegradable, in situ resources with the help of computational design and digital fabrication technologies. Common Reed (Phragmites Australis) is an abundantly available natural material found throughout the world. Reed is typically used for thatch roofing in Europe, providing insulation and a weather-tight surface. Elsewhere, traditional techniques of weaving and bundling reeds have long been used to create entire buildings. The use of a digital production chain was explored as a means towards expanding the potential of reed as a sustainable, locally produced, construction material. Following an iterative process of designing from the micro to the macro scale and by experimenting with robotic assembly, the result is a reed-based system in the form of discrete components that can be configured to create a variety of structures.
keywords	Phragmites Australis; Reed; Discrete Design; Robotic Assembly; Circular Design; Biodegradable Architecture
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	ijac202018403
id	ijac202018403
authors	Dagmar Reinhardt, Matthias Hank Haeusler, Kerry London, Lian Loke, Yingbin Feng, Eduardo De Oliveira Barata, Charlotte Firth, Kate Dunn, Nariddh Khean, Alessandra Fabbri, Dylan Wozniak-O’Connor and Rin Masuda
year	2020
title	CoBuilt 4.0: Investigating the potential of collaborative robotics for subject matter experts
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 4, 353–370
summary	Human-robot interactions can offer alternatives and new pathways for construction industries, industrial growth and skilled labour, particularly in a context of industry 4.0. This research investigates the potential of collaborative robots (CoBots) for the construction industry and subject matter experts; by surveying industry requirements and assessments of CoBot acceptance; by investing processes and sequences of work protocols for standard architecture robots; and by exploring motion capture and tracking systems for a collaborative framework between human and robot co-workers. The research investigates CoBots as a labour and collaborative resource for construction processes that require precision, adaptability and variability.Thus, this paper reports on a joint industry, government and academic research investigation in an Australian construction context. In section 1, we introduce background data to architecture robotics in the context of construction industries and reports on three sections. Section 2 reports on current industry applications and survey results from industry and trade feedback for the adoption of robots specifically to task complexity, perceived safety, and risk awareness. Section 3, as a result of research conducted in Section 2, introduces a pilot study for carpentry task sequences with capture of computable actions. Section 4 provides a discussion of results and preliminary findings. Section 5 concludes with an outlook on how the capture of computable actions provide the foundation to future research for capturing motion and machine learning.
keywords	Industry 4.0, collaborative robotics, on-site robotic fabrication, industry research, machine learning
series	journal
email
last changed	2021/06/03 23:29

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	sigradi2020_349
id	sigradi2020_349
authors	González-Böhme, Luis Felipe; García-Alvarado, Rodrigo; Quitral-Zapata, Francisco Javier; Valenzuela-Astudillo, Eduardo Antonio
year	2020
title	SISCOM: Cooperative Multi-Robot Systems in Construction
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 349-356
summary	We present an ongoing research project focused on the development of more efficient setups for cooperative multi-robot systems in 3D-printed construction. Early kinematic simulations of a mobile robotic cell prototype with two ceiling-mounted orbiting manipulators have provided new insights into 3D printing topology. An extrusion nozzle is mounted on each collaborative robot whose primary function is to match the extrusion path to the print contour while they move along a circular path. The challenge of setting up on site a semi-structured environment for cooperative multi-robot 3D printing led us to think up a new species of construction 3D printer.
keywords	3D-Printed construction, Cooperative multi-robot system, Mobile robotic cell, Collaborative robot, Robots in architecture
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	caadria2020_078
id	caadria2020_078
authors	Joyce, Gabriella and Pelosi, Antony
year	2020
title	Robotic Connections for CLT Panels
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 403-412
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.403
summary	In a climate where standard methods of construction are being challenged, developments in engineered timbers are allowing mass timber construction to be explored as a sustainable alternative to current building methods that can change the future of the built environment. Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is at the forefront of this evolution and, with the advancement in computational design and digital fabrication tools, there lies an opportunity to redefine standard construction. This project creates connections inspired by traditional Japanese joinery that have been adapted to be used for the panel construction of CLT structures. Using a combination of digital modelling and advanced digital fabrication, the project utilizes CLT offcuts as a primary connection material. The system not only reduces waste but also mitigates thermal bridging and lowers the number of connection points whilst increasing the ease of building and fabrication. Connection systems are designed and prototyped using a robotic arm and are then evaluated within the context of a building scale and considers largeâ€scale fabrication and onâ€site assembly whilst continuing to focus on the reduction of waste.
keywords	Robotics; CLT; Connections; Waste; Timber
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	sigradi2020_930
id	sigradi2020_930
authors	Montás Laracuente, Nelson; Barinas Uribe, Marcos
year	2020
title	In-Situ & Computational Façade Performance Analysis: The B1- Campus A University Building Case in Sto. Dgo., Dom. Rep.
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 930-938
summary	This paper presents experimental and simulated façade thermal and humidity performance assessments concerning three (3) types of widely used façade systems in the Dominican construction market: 8” block wall, ventilated façade & curtain wall. Using indoor and outdoor temperature (/1T) and humidity differences (/1H) as indicators in order to compare said performances between the systems and, in turn, with environmental simulations approximating them, we try to diagnose weaknesses and foresee improvement avenues for sustainable façade systems in the Dominican context. The data was obtained by on-site measurements using eight (8) temperature and relative humidity sensors in a twelve (12) storey building in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.
keywords	Façade performance, Temperature, Relative humidity, Environmental simulation, Sensors
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:53

_id	cdrf2019_280
id	cdrf2019_280
authors	Paul Loh, Yuhan Hou, Chun Tung Tse, Jiaqi Mo, and David Leggett
year	2020
title	Freeform Volumetric Fabrication Using Actuated Robotic Hot Wire Cutter
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_26
summary	This paper discusses the design, fabrication and operational workflow of a novel hot-wire cutter used as an end effector for a robotic arm. Typically, hot wire cutters used a linear cutting element which results in ruled surfaces geometry. While several researchers have examined the use of hot wire cutter with cooperative robotic arms to create non-ruled surface geometry, this research explores the use of an actuated hot wire cutter manoeuver by a single robotic arm to produce similar form. The paper outlines the machine making process and its workflow resulting in a 1:1 scale prototype. The paper concludes by examining how the novel tool can be applied to an urban stage design. The research set up a fabrication procedure that has the potential to be deployed as an on-site fabrication methodology.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	acadia20_214p
id	acadia20_214p
authors	Rael, Ronald; San Fratello, Virginia; Curth, Alexander; Arja, Logman
year	2020
title	Casa Covida
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 214-219
summary	Casa Covida advances large scale earthen additive manufacturing by establishing new methods for the creation of interconnected, partially enclosed dome structures using a lightweight SCARA robotic arm and custom toolpathing software in combination with traditional earthen construction techniques. In the time of Covid-19, digital fabrication and construction are made difficult by a diminished supply chain and the safety concerns associated with a large team. In this project, we use local material, dug from the site itself, and two-three people working outdoors in a socially distanced manner. Three rooms are printed on-site in 500mm intervals by shifting the 3D printer between stations connected by a low-cost 4th-axis constructed from plywood. This system allows virtually simultaneous construction between domes, continuously printing without waiting for drying time on one structure so that a continued cycle of printing can proceed through the three stations 2-4 times a day, thereby minimizing machine downtime. The machine control software used in this project has been developed from the framework of Potterware, a tool built by our team to allow non-technical users to design and 3D print functional ceramics through an interactive web interface.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia20_474
id	acadia20_474
authors	Rossi, Gabriella; Walker, James; Sondergaard, Asborn; Worre Foged, Isak; Pasold, Anke; Hilmer, Jakob
year	2020
title	Design-to-Manufacture Workflows of Sound-Scattering Acoustic Brick Walls
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 474-483.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.474
summary	Improving speech intelligibility in classrooms enhances information dissemination, institutional knowledge capture, and quality of learning experience. While off-the-shelf solutions are available for acoustically retrofitting existing learning spaces, they do not allow for a fine-tuned context-specific intervention. However, this possibility is enabled through bespoke digital manufacturing informed by advanced digital simulations. In this research we explore and synchronize architecture, acoustics, computation, and fabrication for the making of better sound environments. We present performance-driven design-to-manufacture (DTM) workflows for sound-scattering brick elements. We reimagine the brick as an acoustically active geometry capable of modulating the sound experience in a university classroom by improving speech intelligibility. We contextualize our research within existing methods of digital performance-based design and robotic fabrication processes, namely wire cutting and pick-and-place applications. We then detail digital methods that combine heuristics and acoustic simulation to design the bricks within the 3D modeling environment, as well as describe the processes of robotic oscillating wire cutting and adaptive pick-and-place developed for the execution of the full-scale demonstrator. Finally, we report on the results of the acoustic analysis performed on the full-scale demonstrator in situ and laboratory measurements of a representative demonstrator which validates our design hypothesis.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	cdrf2019_103
id	cdrf2019_103
authors	Runjia Tian
year	2020
title	Suggestive Site Planning with Conditional GAN and Urban GIS Data
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_10
summary	In architecture, landscape architecture, and urban design, site planning refers to the organizational process of site layout. A fundamental step for site planning is the design of building layout across the site. This process is hard to automate due to its multi-modal nature: it takes multiple constraints such as street block shape, orientation, program, density, and plantation. The paper proposes a prototypical and extensive framework to generate building footprints as masterplan references for architects, landscape architects, and urban designers by learning from the existing built environment with Artificial Neural Networks. Pix2PixHD Conditional Generative Adversarial Neural Network is used to learn the mapping from a site boundary geometry represented with a pixelized image to that of an image containing building footprint color-coded to various programs. A dataset containing necessary information is collected from open source GIS (Geographic Information System) portals from the city of Boston, wrangled with geospatial analysis libraries in python, trained with the TensorFlow framework. The result is visualized in Rhinoceros and Grasshopper, for generating site plans interactively.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	cdrf2019_134
id	cdrf2019_134
authors	Zhen Han, Wei Yan, and Gang Liu
year	2020
title	A Performance-Based Urban Block Generative Design Using Deep Reinforcement Learning and Computer Vision
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_13
summary	In recent years, generative design methods are widely used to guide urban or architectural design. Some performance-based generative design methods also combine simulation and optimization algorithms to obtain optimal solutions. In this paper, a performance-based automatic generative design method was proposed to incorporate deep reinforcement learning (DRL) and computer vision for urban planning through a case study to generate an urban block based on its direct sunlight hours, solar heat gains as well as the aesthetics of the layout. The method was tested on the redesign of an old industrial district located in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. A DRL agent - deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent - was trained to guide the generation of the schemes. The agent arranges one building in the site at one time in a training episode according to the observation. Rhino/Grasshopper and a computer vision algorithm, Hough Transform, were used to evaluate the performance and aesthetics, respectively. After about 150 h of training, the proposed method generated 2179 satisfactory design solutions. Episode 1936 which had the highest reward has been chosen as the final solution after manual adjustment. The test results have proven that the method is a potentially effective way for assisting urban design.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	acadia20_436
id	acadia20_436
authors	Chun Hin Fong, Jacky; Long Wun Poon, Adabelle; Sze Ngan, Wing; Hei Ho, Chung; Goepel, Garvin; Crolla, Kristof
year	2020
title	Augmenting Craft with Mixed Reality
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 436-444.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.436
summary	This paper discusses novel methods for and advantages of integrating augmented reality (AR) and photogrammetry in hand clay-sculpting workflows. These techniques permit nontrained users to achieve higher precision during the sculpting process by holographically overlaying instructions from digital 3D source geometry on top of the sculpting material. By employing alternative notational systems in design implementation methods, the research positions itself in a postdigital context aimed at humanizing digital technologies. Throughout history, devices have been developed to increase production, such as Henry Dexter’s 1842 “Apparatus for Sculptors” for marble sculpting. Extrapolating from this, the workflow presented in this paper uses AR to overlay extracted information from 3D models directly onto the sculptor’s field of vision. This information can then become an AR-driven guidance system that assists the sculptor. Using the Microsoft HoloLens, holographic instructions are introduced in the production sequence, connecting the analog sculpture fabrication directly with a digital environment, thus augmenting the craftspeople’s agency. A series of AR-aided sculpting methods were developed and tested in a demonstrator case study project that created a small-scale clay copy of Henry Moore’s Sheep Piece (1971–1972). This paper demonstrates how user-friendly software and hardware tools have lowered the threshold for end users to develop new methods that straightforwardly facilitate and improve their crafts’ effectiveness and agency. This shows that the fusion of computational design technology and AR visualization technology can innovate a specific craft’s design and production workflow, opening the door for further application developments in more architecture-specific fabrication contexts.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

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