Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2020_332
id	caadria2020_332
authors	Taseva, Yoana, Eftekhar, Nik, Kwon, Hyunchul, Leschok, Matthias and Dillenburger, Benjamin
year	2020
title	Large-Scale 3D Printing for Functionally-Graded Facade
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 183-192
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.183
summary	Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) have been gaining ground in architecture due to their potential to fabricate geometrically complex building components with integrated functionality. With that in mind, this paper showcases a novel design and fabrication strategy for the production of functionally graded faÃ§ade elements. Three functional integrations are investigated: gradient infill structures (Figure 1), a non-orthogonal discretization approach for 3D-printed faÃ§ade elements, and an integrated snapping panel-to-panel connection system. The presented process is then incorporated into a large-scale demonstrator consisting of eight individual faÃ§ade-panel elements. This paper first presents a prototypical approach for a large-scale, graded 3D-printed facade system with non-standard discretization and then opens the discussion to further related challenges.
keywords	Large-scale 3D Printing; Freeform FaÃ§ade; Functional Integration; Complex 3D Assembly Connection
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	acadia20_594
id	acadia20_594
authors	Farahbakhsh, Mehdi; Kalantar, Negar; Rybkowski, Zofia
year	2020
title	Impact of Robotic 3D Printing Process Parameters on Bond Strength
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 594-603.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.594
summary	Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as 3D printing, offers advantages over traditional construction technologies, increasing material efficiency, fabrication precision, and speed. However, many AM projects in academia and industrial institutions do not comply with building codes. Consequently, they are not considered safe structures for public utilization and have languished as exhibition prototypes. While three discrete scales—micro, mezzo, and macro—are investigated for AM with paste in this paper, structural integrity has been tackled on the mezzo scale to investigate the impact of process parameters on the bond strength between layers in an AM process. Real-world material deposition in a robotic-assisted AM process is subject to environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, the load of upper layers, the pressure of the nozzle on printed layers, etc. Those factors add a secondary geometric characteristic to the printed objects that was missing in the initial digital model. This paper introduces a heuristic workflow for investigating the impacts of three selective process parameters on the bond strength between layers of paste in the robotic-assisted AM of large-scale structures. The workflow includes a method for adding the secondary geometrical characteristic to the initial 3D model by employing X-ray computerized tomography (CT) scanning, digital image processing, and 3D reconstruction. Ultimately, the proposed workflow offers a pattern library that can be used by an architect or artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in automated AM processes to create robust architectural forms.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	cdrf2019_297
id	cdrf2019_297
authors	H. Mohamed, D. W. Bao, and R. Snooks
year	2020
title	Super Composite: Carbon Fibre Infused 3D Printed Tectonics
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_28
summary	This research posits an innovative process of embedding carbon fibre as the primary structure within large-scale polymer 3D printed intricate architectural forms. The design and technical implications of this research are explored and demonstrated through two proto-architectural projects, Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud, developed by the RMIT Architecture Snooks Research Lab. These projects are designed through a tectonic approach that we describe as a super composite – an approach that creates a compression of tectonics through algorithmic selforganisation and advanced manufacturing. Framed within a critical view of the lineage of polymer 3D printing and high tech fibres in the field of architectural design, the research outlines the limitations of existing robotic processes employed in contemporary carbon fibre fabrication. In response, the paper proposes an approach we describe asInfused Fibre Reinforced Plastic (IFRP) as a novel fabrication method for intricate geometries. This method involves 3D printing of sacrificial formwork conduits within the skin of complex architectural forms that are infused with continuous carbon fibre structural elements. Through detailed observation and critical review of Cloud Affects and Unclear Cloud (Fig. 2), the paper assesses innovations and challenges of this research in areas including printing, detailing, structural analysis and FEA modelling. The paper notes how these techniques have been refined through the iterative design of the two projects, including the development of fibre distribution mapping to optimise the structural performance.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	acadia20_214p
id	acadia20_214p
authors	Rael, Ronald; San Fratello, Virginia; Curth, Alexander; Arja, Logman
year	2020
title	Casa Covida
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 214-219
summary	Casa Covida advances large scale earthen additive manufacturing by establishing new methods for the creation of interconnected, partially enclosed dome structures using a lightweight SCARA robotic arm and custom toolpathing software in combination with traditional earthen construction techniques. In the time of Covid-19, digital fabrication and construction are made difficult by a diminished supply chain and the safety concerns associated with a large team. In this project, we use local material, dug from the site itself, and two-three people working outdoors in a socially distanced manner. Three rooms are printed on-site in 500mm intervals by shifting the 3D printer between stations connected by a low-cost 4th-axis constructed from plywood. This system allows virtually simultaneous construction between domes, continuously printing without waiting for drying time on one structure so that a continued cycle of printing can proceed through the three stations 2-4 times a day, thereby minimizing machine downtime. The machine control software used in this project has been developed from the framework of Potterware, a tool built by our team to allow non-technical users to design and 3D print functional ceramics through an interactive web interface.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	sigradi2020_283
id	sigradi2020_283
authors	Shiordia Lopez, Rodrigo
year	2020
title	Large Format FDM Printing of Recycled Plastic Pellets: Closing Consumer Cycles in the fabrication of meso scale objects
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 283-290
summary	Fused Material Deposition (FDM) is a widely used technology for desktop 3d printing which has the potential to close consumer cycles by printing recycled materials. However, its use in architectural scale applications has still to be further explored. This paper presents the design, construction and implementation of a 3d printing system of recycled plastic pellets. We describe the device, its systems and parameters, as well as the custom tool path calculations and material experiments. We argue for this technology as a viable way of implementing FDM on larger scales and identify key challenges that present themselves as we explore the fabrication of meso scale formal artifacts.
keywords	3D printing, FDM Printing, Recycled materials, digital and robotic fabrication, additive manufacturing
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	ecaade2020_037
id	ecaade2020_037
authors	Dortheimer, Jonathan, Neuman, Eran and Milo, Tova
year	2020
title	A Novel Crowdsourcing-based Approach for Collaborative Architectural Design
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 155-164
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.155
summary	This paper provides an overview of "Architasker", a large-scale crowdsourcing approach, platform, and method that enables a collaborative professional architectural design process in collaboration with a community of stakeholders. The platform includes communicating complex architectural project requirements; solution space exploration using different micro-tasks like sketching, 2D and 3D CAD; design selection; and design review as an evolutionary process. The architectural crowdsourcing model underlying the platform is contextualized in the state-of-the-art research on creative crowdsourcing methods and is supported by relevant evidence from empirical experiments. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the method to generate architectural artifacts by harnessing the skills, talents, and experience of architects and the opinions and values of the stakeholders.
keywords	Crowdsourcing; Participatory Design; Human Computation; Creative Crowdsourcing; Co-Design; Collective Intelligence
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	acadia20_150
id	acadia20_150
authors	Gaudilliere-Jami, Nadja
year	2020
title	AD Magazine
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 150-159.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.150
summary	This paper aims to contribute to a history of computational design and to a historiography of the field by proposing a study of the development of sociotechnical networks of computation in architecture between 1965 and 2020 as shown in AD magazine. The research focuses on two aspects: (1) a methodological approach for the constitution of a comprehensive history of the field and the application of that methodology to a corpus of items published in AD, and (2) questions the relevance of the outlook into computational design as given by the magazine in comparison to a more comprehensive history taking into account other sources. First, the paper presents the history and the editorial line of AD, as well as its pertinence as a primary source. Second, a brief account of the history emerging from this research is given, with a focus on four different periods: pioneering research of the 1960s–1970s, emergence of 3D modeling tools and the procedural winter in the 1980s–1990s, constitution of a large-scale academic and professional network in the 2000s, and democratization of algorithmic design tools in the 2010s. Third, observations are made on editorial choices of the magazine and the biases of its account of computational research, with a special focus on the period 2000–2020, during which many issues have been dedicated to computational design themes, therefore making potential biases more visible. Despite the preponderance of specific topics, editors, and contributors, AD magazine provides an outlook into key concerns of the community at given times. The main biases identified, including a strong focus on the themes of biodesign and rationalization of practices, mirror the biases of the computational field itself, demonstrating the value of AD as an archive for the history of the field.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2020_361
id	caadria2020_361
authors	Geht, Alexander, Weizmann, Michael, Grobman, Yasha Jacob and Tarazi, Ezri
year	2020
title	Horizontal Forming in Additive Manufacturing: Design and Architecture Perspective
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 203-212
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.203
summary	Extrusion based three-dimensional additive manufacturing technology forms objects by driving the material through a nozzle depositing a linear structure through vector-building blocks called roads. In a common 3-axis system, the roads are stacked layer upon layer for forming the final object. However, forming overhanging geometry in this way requires additional support structures increasing material usage and effective printing time. The paper presents a novel Horizontal forming (HF) approach and method for forming overhanging geometry, HF is a new extrusion-based AM approach that allows rapid and stable forming of horizontal structures without additional support in 3-axis systems. This approach can provide new design and manufacturing possibilities for extrusion AM, with emphasis on medium and large-scale AM. HF can affect the outcome's aesthetic and mechanical properties. Moreover, it can significantly accelerate the production process and reduce material waste. The present paper maps the influence of various parameters employed in the HF method, providing a deeper understanding of the printing process. Additionally, it explores and demonstrates the potential functional and aesthetic characteristics that can be achieved with HF for industrial design and architectural products.
keywords	Additive manufacturing; Support; Horizontal forming (HF); Extrusion-based system; Fused granulate forming (FGF)
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	cdrf2019_93
id	cdrf2019_93
authors	Jiaxin Zhang , Tomohiro Fukuda , and Nobuyoshi Yabuki
year	2020
title	A Large-Scale Measurement and Quantitative Analysis Method of Façade Color in the Urban Street Using Deep Learning
source	Proceedings of the 2020 DigitalFUTURES The 2nd International Conference on Computational Design and Robotic Fabrication (CDRF 2020)
doi	https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4400-6_9
summary	Color planning has become a significant issue in urban development, and an overall cognition of the urban color identities will help to design a better urban environment. However, the previous measurement and analysis methods for the facade color in the urban street are limited to manual collection, which is challenging to carry out on a city scale. Recent emerging dataset street view image and deep learning have revealed the possibility to overcome the previous limits, thus bringing forward a research paradigm shift. In the experimental part, we disassemble the goal into three steps: firstly, capturing the street view images with coordinate information through the API provided by the street view service; then extracting facade images and cleaning up invalid data by using the deep-learning segmentation method; finally, calculating the dominant color based on the data on the Munsell Color System. Results can show whether the color status satisfies the requirements of its urban plan for façade color in the street. This method can help to realize the refined measurement of façade color using open source data, and has good universality in practice.
series	cdrf
email
last changed	2022/09/29 07:51

_id	ecaade2020_184
id	ecaade2020_184
authors	Kycia, Agata and Guiducci, Lorenzo
year	2020
title	Self-shaping Textiles - A material platform for digitally designed, material-informed surface elements
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 21-30
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.021
summary	Despite the cutting edge developments in science and technology, architecture to a large extent still tends to favor form over matter by forcing materials into predefined, often superficial geometries, with functional aspects relegated to materials or energy demanding mechanized systems. Biomaterials research has instead shown a variety of physical architectures in which form and matter are intimately related (Fratzl, Weinkamer, 2007). We take inspiration from the morphogenetic processes taking place in plants' leaves (Sharon et al., 2007), where intricate three-dimensional surfaces originate from in-plane growth distributions, and propose the use of 3D printing on pre-stretched textiles (Tibbits, 2017) as an alternative, material-based, form-finding technique. We 3D print open fiber bundles, analyze the resulting wrinkling phenomenon and use it as a design strategy for creating three-dimensional textile surfaces. As additive manufacturing becomes more and more affordable, materials more intelligent and robust, the proposed form-finding technique has a lot of potential for designing efficient textile structures with optimized structural performance and minimal usage of material.
keywords	self-shaping textiles; material form-finding; wrinkling; surface instabilities; bio-inspired design; leaf morphogenesis
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:52

_id	acadia20_164p
id	acadia20_164p
authors	Lange, Christian; Ratoi, Lidia; Co Lim, Dominic; Hu, Jason; Baker, David M.; Yu, Vriko; Thompson, Phil
year	2020
title	Reformative Coral Habitats
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 164-169
summary	Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecologies in the marine world. They are the habitat to tens of thousands of different marine species. However, these wildlife environments are endangered across the globe. Recent research estimates that around 75 percent of the remaining coral reefs are currently under threat. In 2018 after a devastating storm, Hong Kong lost around 80% of its existing corals. Consequently, a team consisting of marine biologists and architects at The University of Hong Kong has developed a series of performative structures that have been deployed in the city's waters in July 2020, intending to aid new coral growth over the coming years. The project was commissioned by the Agriculture, Fisheries, and Conservation Department (AFCD) and is part of an ongoing active management measure for coral restoration in Hoi Ha Wan Marine Park in Hong Kong. The following objectives were defined as part of the design and fabrication research of the project. To develop a design strategy that builds on the concept of biomimicry to allow for complex spaces to occur that would provide attributes against the detachment of the inserted coral fragment, hence could enhance a diverse marine life specific to the context of the cities water conditions. To generate an efficient printing path that accommodates the specific morphological design criteria and ensures structural integrity and the functional aspects of the design. To develop an efficient fabrication process with a DIW 3D printing methodology that considers warping, shrinkage, and cracking in the clay material. The research team developed a method that combined an algorithmic design approach for the design of different geometries with a digital additive manufacturing process utilizing robotic 3D clay printing. The overall fabrication strategy for the complex and large pieces sought to ensure structural longevity, optimize production time, and tackle the involved double-sided printing method. Overall, 128 tiles were printed, covering roughly 40sqm of the seabed.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

_id	caadria2020_047
id	caadria2020_047
authors	Lee, Han Jie, Lin, Zhuoli, Zhang, Ji and Janssen, Patrick
year	2020
title	Irradiance Mappinig for Large Scale City Models
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 803-812
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.803
summary	This paper reports on the development of a geocomputational simulation workflow for the irradiance mapping of large scale city models. A fully automated workflow is presented, for importing CityGML city models, generating the simulation input models, executing the simulations, and aggregating the results. In order to speed up the overall processing time, the workflow uses parallel processing across multiple computers and multiple cores. Two case studies are presented, for Singapore and for Rotterdam.
keywords	Integrated irradiance simulation; Solar potential assessment ; Large scale urban 3D model; Houdini; Radiance
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:51

_id	ijac202018206
id	ijac202018206
authors	Mitterberger, Daniela and Tiziano Derme
year	2020
title	Digital soil: Robotically 3D-printed granular bio-composites
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 2, 194-211
summary	Organic granular materials offer a valid alternative for non-biodegradable composites widely adopted in building construction and digital fabrication. Despite the need to find alternatives to fuel-based solutions, current material research in architecture mostly supports strategies that favour predictable, durable and homogeneous solutions. Materials such as soil, due to their physical properties and volatile nature, present new challenges and potentials to change the way we manufacture, built and integrate material systems and environmental factors into the design process. This article proposes a novel fabrication framework that combines high-resolution three-dimensional- printed biodegradable materials with a novel robotic-additive manufacturing process for soil structures. Furthermore, the research reflects on concepts such as affordance and tolerance within the field of digital fabrication, especially in regards to bio-materials and robotic fabrication. Soil as a building material has a long tradition. New developments in earth construction show how earthen buildings can create novel, adaptive and sustainable structures. Nevertheless, existing large-scale earthen construction methods can only produce highly simplified shapes with rough geometrical articulations. This research proposes to use a robotic binder-jetting process that creates novel organic bio-composites to overcome such limitations of common earth constructions. In addition, this article shows how biological polymers, such as polysaccharides-based hydrogels, can be used as sustainable, biodegradable binding agents for soil aggregates. This article is divided into four main sections: architecture and affordance; tolerance versus precision; water-based binders; and robotic fabrication parameters. Digital Soil envisions a shift in the design practice and digital fabrication that builds on methods for tolerance handling. In this context, material and geometrical properties such as material porosity, hydraulic conductivity and natural evaporation rate affect the architectural resolution, introducing a design process driven by matter. Digital Soil shows the potential of a fully reversible biodegradable manufacturing process for load-bearing architectural elements, opening up new fields of application for sustainable material systems that can enhance the ecological potential of architectural construction.
keywords	Robotic fabrication, adaptive materials, water-based fabrication, affordance, organic matter, additive manufacturing
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

_id	ecaade2021_011
id	ecaade2021_011
authors	Nováková, Kateøina and Vele, Jiøí
year	2021
title	Prvok - An experiment with 3D printing large doublecurved concrete structure
source	Stojakovic, V and Tepavcevic, B (eds.), Towards a new, configurable architecture - Proceedings of the 39th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, 8-10 September 2021, pp. 137-144
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2021.2.137
summary	In this experimental research project we report on the manufacturing process of the first full-size 3D printed concrete structure in our country. The house was 3D printed by an ABB IRB 6700 robot whose range we made fit with the requirements for transportation size and also, its range determined the size and geometry of the house. During the transformation process from sketch to code we involved students to apply computational design methods. We designed the main load bearing structure which had to be thinnest and lightest possible together with its insulation features and printability. We were aware of the world-wide research in this field started by NASA centennial Challenge called 3D-printed-habitat [Roman,2020] as well as start-ups derived from this research [1,2,3,4]. During the project, we investigated the following matters: (1) the relationship between geometry of the wall in model and in practice (2), setting of the robot and the mixture; and (3) stress test of the wall. With the results of the test we aimed at contribution to standardisation of 3D printed structures in ISO/ASTM 52939:2021. The finalized structure, named "Prvok", was made to prove printability of the mixture and stability of the design.
keywords	3D printing; robot; concrete; grasshopper; experiment; house
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2020_306
id	sigradi2020_306
authors	Raspall, Felix; Banon, Carlos; Maheshwary, Sourabh
year	2020
title	Timescapes: Design and Additive Manufacturing Workflows for freeform, ornamental architectural surfaces
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 306-311
summary	The application of Additive Manufacturing in architecture is an emerging research trend. Most of the research focuses on large-scale concrete and clay printing and, however, overlooks Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), the most ubiquitous and inexpensive printing technology. Reasons for this include FFF’s reduced build volume, low mechanical resistance, and long printing times. In this research, the use of FFF for the construction of ornamental architectural surfaces is proposed, developed, and tested in a permanent, full-scale project. A discussion on the digital workflows, design, manufacturing, and assembly processes is presented, leading to a conclusion and outlook based on the evidence collected and highlighting the key advantages and main challenges of using FFF in architecture.
keywords	Additive manufacturing, Freeform architecture, Ornament, Fused filament fabrication, Parametric architecture
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	acadia20_220p
id	acadia20_220p
authors	Rieger, Uwe; Liu, Yinan
year	2020
title	LightWing II
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 220-225
summary	LightWing II is an immersive XR installation that explores hybrid design strategies equally addressing physical and digital design parameters. The interactive project links a kinetic structure with dynamic digital information in the form of 3D projected imagery and spatial sound. A key component of the project was the development of a new rendering principle that allows the accurate projection of stereoscopic images on a moving target screen. Using simple red/cyan cardboard glasses, the system expands the applications of contemporary AR headsets beyond an isolated viewing towards a communal multi-viewer event. LightWing`s construction consists of thin flexible carbon fibre rods used to tension an almost invisible mesh screen. The structure is asymmetrically balanced on a single pin joint and monitored by an IMU. A light touch sets the delicate wing-like object into a rotational oscillation. As a ‘hands-on’ experience, LightWing II creates a mysterious sensation of tactile data and enables the user to navigate through holographic narratives assembled in four scenes, including the interaction with swarms of three winged creatures, being immersed in a silky bubble, and a journey through a velvet wormhole. The user interface is dissolved through the direct linkage between the physical construction and the dynamic digital content. The project was developed at the arc/sec Lab at the University of Auckland. The Lab explores user responsive constructions where dynamic properties of the virtual world influence the material world and vice versa. The Lab’s vision is to re-connect the intangible computer world to the multisensory qualities of architecture and urban spaces. With a focus on intuitive forms of user interaction, the arc/sec Lab uses large-scale prototypes and installations as the driving method for both the development and the demonstration of new cyber-physical design principles.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	acadia20_516
id	acadia20_516
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania; Voltl, Christopher; Craney, Ryan
year	2020
title	Additive Thermoplastic Formwork for Freeform Concrete Columns
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 516-525.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.516
summary	The degree of geometric complexity a concrete element can assume is directly linked to our ability to fabricate its formwork. Additive manufacturing allows fabrication of freeform formwork and expands the design possibilities for concrete elements. In particular, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of thermoplastic is a useful method of formwork fabrication due to the lightweight properties of the resulting formwork and the accessibility of FDM 3D printing technology. The research in this area is in early stages of development, including several existing efforts examining the 3D printing of a single material for formwork— including two medium-scale projects using PLA and PVA. However, the performance of 3D printed formwork and its geometric complexity varies, depending on the material used for 3D printing the formwork. To expand the existing research, this paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using 3D printed thermoplastic formwork for fabricating custom concrete elements using multiple thermoplastic materials. This research cross-references and investigates PLA, PVA, PETG, and the combination of PLA-PVA as formwork material, through the design and fabrication of nonstandard structural concrete columns. The formwork was produced using robotic pellet extrusion and filament-based 3D printing. A series of case studies showcase the increased geometric freedom achievable in formwork when 3D printing with multiple materials. They investigate the potential variations in fabrication methods and their print characteristics when using different 3D printing technologies and printing materials. Additionally, the research compares speed, cost, geometric freedom, and surface resolution.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	acadia20_202p
id	acadia20_202p
authors	Battaglia, Christopher A.; Verian, Kho; Miller, Martin F.
year	2020
title	DE:Stress Pavilion
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 202-207
summary	Print-Cast Concrete investigates concrete 3D printing utilizing robotically fabricated recyclable green sand molds for the fabrication of thin shell architecture. The presented process expedites the production of doubly curved concrete geometries by replacing traditional formwork casting or horizontal corbeling with spatial concrete arching by developing a three-dimensional extrusion path for deposition. Creating robust non-zero Gaussian curvature in concrete, this method increases fabrication speed for mass customized elements eliminating two-part mold casting by combining robotic 3D printing and extrusion casting. Through the casting component of this method, concrete 3D prints have greater resolution along the edge condition resulting in tighter assembly tolerances between multiple aggregated components. Print-Cast Concrete was developed to produce a full-scale architectural installation commissioned for Exhibit Columbus 2019. The concrete 3D printed compression shell spanned 12 meters in length, 5 meters in width, and 3 meters in height and consisted of 110 bespoke panels ranging in weight of 45 kg to 160 kg per panel. Geometrical constraints were determined by the bounding box of compressed sand mold blanks and tooling parameters of both CNC milling and concrete extrusion. Using this construction method, the project was able to be assembled and disassembled within the timeframe of the temporary outdoor exhibit, produce <1% of waste mortar material in fabrication, and utilize 60% less material to construct than cast-in-place construction. Using the sand mold to contain geometric edge conditions, the Print-Cast technique allows for precise aggregation tolerances. To increase the pavilions resistance to shear forces, interlocking nesting geometries are integrated into each edge condition of the panels with .785 radians of the undercut. Over extruding strategically during the printing process casts the undulating surface with accuracy. When nested together, the edge condition informs both the construction logic of the panel’s placement and orientation for the concrete panelized shell.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

_id	ecaade2020_348
id	ecaade2020_348
authors	Chiujdea, Ruxandra Stefania and Nicholas, Paul
year	2020
title	Design and 3D Printing Methodologies for Cellulose-based Composite Materials
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 547-554
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.547
summary	A growing awareness of architecture's environmental responsibility is encouraging a shift from an industrial age to an ecological one. This shift emphasises a new era of materiality, characterised by a special focus on bio-polymers. The potential of these materials is to address unsustainable modes of resource consumption, and to rebalance our relationship with the natural. However, bio-polymers also challenge current design and manufacturing practices, which rely on highly manufactured and standardized materials. In this paper, we present material experiments and digital design and fabrication methodologies for cellulose-based composites, to create porous biodegradable panels. Cellulose, the most abundant bio-polymer on Earth, has potential for differentiated architectural applications. A key limit is the critical role of additive fabrication methods for larger scale elements, which are a subject of ongoing research. In this paper, we describe how controlling the interdependent relationship between the additive manufacturing process and the material grading enables the manipulation of the material's performance, and the related control aspects including printing parameters such as speed, nozzle diameter, air flow, etc., as well as tool path trajectory. Our design exploration responds to the emerging fabrication methods to achieve different levels of porosity and depth which define the geometry of a panel.
keywords	cellulose-based composite material; additive manufacturing; material grading; digital fabrication; spatial print trajectory; porous panels
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	acadia20_192p
id	acadia20_192p
authors	Doyle, Shelby; Hunt, Erin
year	2020
title	Melting 2.0
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 192-197
summary	This project presents computational design and fabrication methods for locating standard steel reinforcement within 3D printed water-soluble PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) molds to create non-standard concrete columns. Previous methods from “Melting: Augmenting Concrete Columns with Water Soluble 3D Printed Formwork” and “Dissolvable 3D Printed Formwork: Exploring Additive Manufacturing for Reinforced Concrete” (Doyle & Hunt 2019) were adapted for larger-scale construction, including the introduction of new hardware, development of custom programming strategies, and updated digital fabrication techniques. Initial research plans included 3D printing continuous PVA formwork with a KUKA Agilus Kr10 R1100 industrial robotic arm. However, COVID-19 university campus closures led to fabrication shifting to the author’s home, and this phase instead relied upon a LulzBot TAZ 6 (build volume of 280 mm x 280 mm x 250 mm) with an HS+ (Hardened Steel) tool head (1.2 mm nozzle diameter). Two methods were developed for this project phase: new 3D printing hardware and custom GCode production. The methods were then evaluated in the fabrication of three non-standard columns designed around five standard reinforcement bars (3/8-inch diameter): Woven, Twisted, Aperture. Each test column was eight inches in diameter (the same size as a standard Sonotube concrete form) and 4 feet tall, approximately half the height of an architecturally scaled 8-foot-tall column. Each column’s form was generated from combining these diameter and height restrictions with the constraints of standard reinforcement placement and minimum concrete coverage. The formwork was then printed, assembled, cast, and then submerged in water to dissolve the molds to reveal the cast concrete. This mold dissolving process limits the applicable scale for the work as it transitions from the research lab to the construction site. Therefore, the final column was placed outside with its mold intact to explore if humidity and water alone can dissolve the PVA formwork in lieu of submersion.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:08

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