Cumincad : CUMINCAD Papers : Search Results

CumInCAD is a Cumulative Index about publications in Computer Aided Architectural Design
supported by the sibling associations ACADIA, CAADRIA, eCAADe, SIGraDi, ASCAAD and CAAD futures

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_id	caadria2020_446
id	caadria2020_446
authors	Cho, Dahngyu, Kim, Jinsung, Shin, Eunseo, Choi, Jungsik and Lee, Jin-Kook
year	2020
title	Recognizing Architectural Objects in Floor-plan Drawings Using Deep-learning Style-transfer Algorithms
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 717-725
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.717
summary	This paper describes an approach of recognizing floor plans by assorting essential objects of the plan using deep-learning based style transfer algorithms. Previously, the recognition of floor plans in the design and remodeling phase was labor-intensive, requiring expert-dependent and manual interpretation. For a computer to take in the imaged architectural plan information, the symbols in the plan must be understood. However, the computer has difficulty in extracting information directly from the preexisting plans due to the different conditions of the plans. The goal is to change the preexisting plans to an integrated format to improve the readability by transferring their style into a comprehensible way using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networks (cGAN). About 100-floor plans were used for the dataset which was previously constructed by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport of Korea. The proposed approach has such two steps: (1) to define the important objects contained in the floor plan which needs to be extracted and (2) to use the defined objects as training input data for the cGAN style transfer model. In this paper, wall, door, and window objects were selected as the target for extraction. The preexisting floor plans would be segmented into each part, altered into a consistent format which would then contribute to automatically extracting information for further utilization.
keywords	Architectural objects; floor plan recognition; deep-learning; style-transfer
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	ecaade2020_515
id	ecaade2020_515
authors	Chadha, Kunaljit, Dubor, Alexandre, Puigpinos, Laura and Rafols, Irene
year	2020
title	Space Filling Curves for Optimising Single Point Incremental Sheet Forming using Supervised Learning Algorithms
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 555-562
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.555
summary	Increasing use of computational design tools have led to an increase in the demand for mass customised fabrication, rendering decades old industrial CAD-CAM protocols limiting for such fabrication processes. This bespoke demand of components has led to a unified workflow between design strategies and production techniques. Recent advances in computation have allowed us to predict and register the tolerances of fabrication before and while being fabricated. Procedural algorithms are a set of novel problem-solving methods and have been attracting considerable attention for their good performance.They follow a procedural way of iteration with an established way of behavior.In the particular case of Incremental Sheet forming (ISF), these algorithms can realize several functions such as edge detection and segmentation required for optimizing machining time and accuracy.In this context, this paper presents a methodology to optimize long-drawn-out ISF operation by using geometrical intervention informed by supervised machine learning algorithms.
keywords	Procedural Algorithms; Incremental Sheet Forming; Robotic Cold forming; Mass Customization
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:55

_id	ecaade2020_222
id	ecaade2020_222
authors	Ikeno, Kazunosuke, Fukuda, Tomohiro and Yabuki, Nobuyoshi
year	2020
title	Automatic Generation of Horizontal Building Mask Images by Using a 3D Model with Aerial Photographs for Deep Learning
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 271-278
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.271
summary	Information extracted from aerial photographs is widely used in urban planning and design. An effective method for detecting buildings in aerial photographs is to use deep learning for understanding the current state of a target region. However, the building mask images used to train the deep learning model are manually generated in many cases. To solve this challenge, a method has been proposed for automatically generating mask images by using virtual reality 3D models for deep learning. Because normal virtual models do not have the realism of a photograph, it is difficult to obtain highly accurate detection results in the real world even if the images are used for deep learning training. Therefore, the objective of this research is to propose a method for automatically generating building mask images by using 3D models with textured aerial photographs for deep learning. The model trained on datasets generated by the proposed method could detect buildings in aerial photographs with an accuracy of IoU = 0.622. Work left for the future includes changing the size and type of mask images, training the model, and evaluating the accuracy of the trained model.
keywords	Urban planning and design; Deep learning; Semantic segmentation; Mask image; Training data; Automatic design
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	caadria2020_254
id	caadria2020_254
authors	Pei, Wanyu, LO, TianTian and Guo, Xiangmin
year	2020
title	A Biofeedback Process: Detecting Architectural Space with the Integration of Emotion Recognition and Eye-tracking Technology
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 263-272
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.263
summary	This paper coincides with the conference theme that people have gradually become a vital force influencing the environmental system. In the future, it is necessary to study the influence of not only the built environment on people but also people's feedback on environmental design. This study explores the â€Žprocesses of interactive design using both emotion recognition and eye-tracking of users. By putting on wearable devices to roam and perceive in a virtual reality space, the physiological data of the users are collected in real-time and used to analyze their emotional responses and visual attention to the spaces. This method will provide an auxiliary way for non-architectural professional users to participate in architectural space design. At present, there is a lack of research on the comprehensive application of eye movement knowledge and emotional feedback in architectural space design. This integration will help professional designers to optimize the design of architectural space. For this paper, we review existing research and proposing an interactive design workflow that integrates eye tracking and emotion recognition. This workflow will help with the next stage of research to understand the design of a new International School of Design building.
keywords	Perception detection; Architectural space environment; Interactive design; Virtual reality
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:59

_id	caadria2020_281
id	caadria2020_281
authors	Abdelmohsen, Sherif and Hassab, Ahmed
year	2020
title	A Computational Approach for the Mass Customization of Materially Informed Double Curved A Computational Approach for the Mass Customization of Materially Informed Double Curved Façade Panels
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 163-172
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.163
summary	Despite recent approaches to enable the mass customization of double curved faÃ§ade panels, there still exist challenges including waste reduction, accuracy, surface continuity, economic feasibility, and workflow disintegration. This paper proposes a computational approach for the design and fabrication of materially informed double curved faÃ§ade panels with complex geometry. This approach proposes an optimized workflow to generate customizable double curved panels with complex geometry and different material properties, and optimize fabrication workflow for waste reduction. This workflow is applied to four different fabrication techniques: (1) vacuum forming, (2) clay extrusion, (3) sectioning, and (4) tessellation. Four experiments are introduced to apply surface rationalization and optimization using Rhino and Grasshopper scripting. Upon simulating each of the four design-to-fabrication techniques through different iterations, the experiment results demonstrated how the proposed workflows produced optimized surfaces with higher levels of accuracy and reduced waste material, customized per type of material and surface complexity.
keywords	Digital fabrication; Double curved facades; Mass customization; Design-to-fabrication
series	CAADRIA
type	normal paper
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_436
id	acadia20_436
authors	Chun Hin Fong, Jacky; Long Wun Poon, Adabelle; Sze Ngan, Wing; Hei Ho, Chung; Goepel, Garvin; Crolla, Kristof
year	2020
title	Augmenting Craft with Mixed Reality
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 436-444.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.436
summary	This paper discusses novel methods for and advantages of integrating augmented reality (AR) and photogrammetry in hand clay-sculpting workflows. These techniques permit nontrained users to achieve higher precision during the sculpting process by holographically overlaying instructions from digital 3D source geometry on top of the sculpting material. By employing alternative notational systems in design implementation methods, the research positions itself in a postdigital context aimed at humanizing digital technologies. Throughout history, devices have been developed to increase production, such as Henry Dexter’s 1842 “Apparatus for Sculptors” for marble sculpting. Extrapolating from this, the workflow presented in this paper uses AR to overlay extracted information from 3D models directly onto the sculptor’s field of vision. This information can then become an AR-driven guidance system that assists the sculptor. Using the Microsoft HoloLens, holographic instructions are introduced in the production sequence, connecting the analog sculpture fabrication directly with a digital environment, thus augmenting the craftspeople’s agency. A series of AR-aided sculpting methods were developed and tested in a demonstrator case study project that created a small-scale clay copy of Henry Moore’s Sheep Piece (1971–1972). This paper demonstrates how user-friendly software and hardware tools have lowered the threshold for end users to develop new methods that straightforwardly facilitate and improve their crafts’ effectiveness and agency. This shows that the fusion of computational design technology and AR visualization technology can innovate a specific craft’s design and production workflow, opening the door for further application developments in more architecture-specific fabrication contexts.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2020_100
id	caadria2020_100
authors	Hershcovich, Cheli, van Hout, RENÃ‰, Rinsky, Vladislav, Laufer, Michael and Grobman, Yasha J.
year	2020
title	Insulating with Geometry - Employing Cellular Geometry to Increase the Thermal Performance of Building Facades
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 507-516
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.507
summary	This paper presents the current stage of a study examining the potential of complex geometry concrete tiles to improve thermal performance in building envelopes. This stage focused on developing tile geometries and testing them using physical and digital CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulations. Tiles were developed taking two approaches: (i) developing variation from basic geometries (triangle, square, circle and trapezoid) and (ii) learning from natural envelopes. Following successful validation of experimental and numerical data, the designed tiles were tested using a digital simulation (Star-CCM+). The results show that for the examined configuration (flow perpendicular to the surface), a significant reduction of heat transfer rate occurs in most of the tested tiles. Furthermore, geometries that achieved the same thermal performance as the base-line flat tile saved up to 38 percent of the material.
keywords	Complex Geometry; Microclimate; CFD
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2020_220
id	ecaade2020_220
authors	Ibrahim, Aly, Abdelmohsen, Sherif, Omar, Walid and Zayan, Akram
year	2020
title	Extending the Passive Actuation of Low-tech Architectural Adaptive Systems by Integrating Hygroscopic and Thermal Properties of Wood
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 2, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 641-650
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.2.641
summary	Recent studies involving the passive actuation of zero-energy architectural adaptive systems using programmable materials have addressed the prototyping of wood motion responses by utilizing its latent hygroscopic properties. Most of these systems have focused on mechanisms that are triggered by varying levels of humidity, with very limited efforts addressing the effect of temperature variations; a challenge in hot climatic zones. This paper extends the passive actuation of adaptive systems in climates where humidity and/or temperature variations are dominant. A series of physical experiments were conducted to observe wood veneer sample deflection and motion response behavior under three varying temperature and humidity conditions, with constant values of fiber orientation, lamination, thickness, type of wood, and sample proportion and geometry. The experiment results showed that the coefficient of thermal expansion is an effective parameter, where higher deflection and response speed was recorded under high relative humidity (>80%) upon increase in temperature (>35°).
keywords	Programmable materials; Adaptive facades; Hygromorphic behavior; Responsive systems; Shape-shifting
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:50

_id	ecaade2020_106
id	ecaade2020_106
authors	Mesa, Olga, Mhatre, Saurabh and Bechthold, Martin
year	2020
title	Woven Compliant Composites
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 79-88
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.079
summary	Compliant composites are a new approach to composite systems that leverage the semi-rigid properties of composite woven fabrics to create kinetic compliant mechanisms. Simple fabrication and economic actuation principles are proposed to transform planar fabrics into three-dimensional configurations without using expensive molds, instead, relying on the millimeter-scale mechanical interactions of woven composite fabrics. The relation between fabric type, weave, matrix, laminations, and localized reinforcement was studied to achieve repeatable, durable, and functional components that displayed instant transformations. Woven compliant mechanisms were patterned to create adjustable surfaces actuated uniaxially and biaxially producing different degrees of porosity. The kinetic response is generated without the use of complicated mechanisms by relying on material properties and smart geometries. Our system expands work on kinetic surfaces with the advantage of the ease of actuation and fabrication. These surfaces can be used in architectural applications such as facades, shading mechanisms, and interior partitions where performative qualities are desirable.
keywords	Compliant composites; Responsive systems; Material Intelligence; Smart geometries
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:58

_id	sigradi2020_371
id	sigradi2020_371
authors	Scheeren, Rodrigo; Sperling, David M.
year	2020
title	Flexible multi-scalar system: 3D printing of modular components for adaptable tensioned structures
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 371-376
summary	In face of the improvement of additive manufacturing techniques for architecture and construction, the paper presents a design experiment that aims to demonstrate the feasibility of using an accessible technology such as a 3D desktop printer for the creation of low-cost artifacts. Based on the "research by design" method and "multi-scalar modeling" approach, it shows the creation of a digitally manufactured architectural component that can integrate as a final product a lightweight and flexible construction system. The result can be geometrically adapted and applied to canopies or facades, achieving an interface between high and low technologies.
keywords	Digital fabrication, 3D printing, Architectural design, Multi-scalar system, High-Low tech
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:49

_id	acadia20_446
id	acadia20_446
authors	Norell, Daniel; Rodhe, Einar; Hedlund, Karin
year	2020
title	Completions
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 446-455.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.446
summary	Reuse of construction and demolition waste tends to be exceptional rather than systemic, despite the fact that such waste exists in excess. One of the challenges in handling used elements and materials is integrating them into a digital workflow through means of survey and representation. Techniques such as 3D scanning and robotic fabrication have been used to target irregular geometries of such extant material. Scanning can be applied to digitally define a unique rather than standard stock of materials or, as in the field of preservation, to transfer specific forms and qualities onto a new stock. This paper melds these two approaches through Completions, a project that promotes reuse by integrating salvaged elements and materials into new assemblies. Drawing from the ancient practice of reuse known as spolia, the work develops from the identification and documentation of a varied set of used entities that become points of departure for subsequent design and production of new entities. This involves multiple steps, from locating and selecting used elements to scanning and fabrication. Three assemblies based on salvaged objects are produced: a window frame, a door panel, and a mantelpiece. Different means of documentation are outlined in relation to specific qualities of these objects, from photogrammetry to image and mesh-based tracing. Authentic qualities belonging to these elements, such as wear and patina, are coupled with more ambiguous forms and materialities only attainable through digital survey and fabrication. Finally, Completions speculates on how more automated workflows might make it feasible to develop extensive virtual catalogs of used objects that designers could interact with remotely.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	caadria2020_313
id	caadria2020_313
authors	Sanatani, Rohit Priyadarshi
year	2020
title	A Machine-Learning driven Design Assistance Framework for the Affective Analysis of Spatial Enclosures
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 1, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 741-750
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.1.741
summary	There is a growing research direction that adopts an empirical approach to affective response in space, and aims at generating bodies of quantitative data regarding the correlations between spatial features and emotional states. This paper demonstrates a machine-learning driven computational framework that draws upon training data sets to predict the 'affective impact' of designed enclosures. For demonstration, it has been scripted as a Rhinoceros + Grasshopper based design tool that uses existing training data collected by the author. The data comprises of the spatial parameters of Enclosure Volume (V), Length/Width ratio (P) and Window Area/Total Internal Surface Area ratio (D) - and the corresponding emotional parameters of Valence and Arousal. The test values of these parameters are computed by defining the components of the test enclosure (walls, windows, floors and ceilings) in the script. Nonlinear regression components are run on the training datasets and the test input data is used to compute and display the real time predicted affective state on the circumplex model of affect.
keywords	Affective Analysis; Affective Computing; Design Assistance; Machine Learning; Spatial Enclosures
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	caadria2020_045
id	caadria2020_045
authors	Zheng, Hao and Ren, Yue
year	2020
title	Machine Learning Neural Networks Construction and Analysis in Vectorized Design Drawings
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 707-716
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.707
summary	Machine Learning, a recently prevalent research domain in data prediction and analysis, has been widely used in a variety of fields. In the design field, especially for architectural design, a machine learning method to learn and generate design data as pixelized images has been developed in previous researches. However, proceeding pixelized image data will cause the problems of precision loss and calculation waste, since the geometric architectural design data is efficiently stored and presented as vectorized CAD files. Thus, in this article, the author developed a specific machine learning neural network to learn and predict design drawings as vectorized data, speeding up the learning and predicting process, while improving the accuracy. First, two necessary geometric tests have been successfully done, which shows the central concept of neural network construct. Then, a design rule prediction model was built to demonstrate the methods to optimize the neural network and data structure. Lastly, a generation model based on human-made design data was constructed, which can be used to predict and generate the bedroom furniture positions by inputting the boundary data of the room, door, and window.
keywords	Machine Learning; Artificial Intelligence; Generative Design; Geometric Design
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:57

_id	caadria2020_276
id	caadria2020_276
authors	Chuang, I-Ting
year	2020
title	Sensing the Diversity of Social Hubs through Social Media
source	D. Holzer, W. Nakapan, A. Globa, I. Koh (eds.), RE: Anthropocene, Design in the Age of Humans - Proceedings of the 25th CAADRIA Conference - Volume 2, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand, 5-6 August 2020, pp. 61-70
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.caadria.2020.2.061
summary	As we continue to discover the potential of social media data as an insightful source for academic research, the majority of previous work tends to focus on the density of socio-spatial relations as the foundation for understanding urban phenomena. This paper extended those approaches by introducing the concepts of diversity and inclusiveness through an investigation of the 'differences' within the networks of relations that are inherent to social media data. The author constructs a diversity measure based on the variety of home locations of social media user visitors to each geographical location in the city. This home location, in its turn, is derived from each user's digital spatio-temporal footprint. This proposed method demonstrates that through the visualization of this diversity measure, 'social hubs' (which are frequently visited by different groups of people) were able to be located that would otherwise be overlooked in conventional data analyses that focus only on density. As such, this research expands the usefulness of social media as a practical tool to help understand urban processes by making the concept of diversity - a key consideration in many planning and design contexts - measurable and mappable.
keywords	Social Media Data; Home Location Detection; Diversity Analysis
series	CAADRIA
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:56

_id	sigradi2020_586
id	sigradi2020_586
authors	Perelli Soto, Bruno; Soza Ruiz, Pedro; Tapia Zarricueta, Ricardo
year	2020
title	Towards the development of Smart Buildings: A Lowcost IoT Healthcare Management Proposal in Times of a World Pandemic
source	SIGraDi 2020 [Proceedings of the 24th Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - ISSN: 2318-6968] Online Conference 18 - 20 November 2020, pp. 586-593
summary	This research addresses the impact that technologies, particularly the Internet of Things, have when facing - directly or indirectly - the current panorama of a pandemic due to COVID-19. First, we review the literature and propose a context that allows for efficient clarification regarding two concerns: where should we insert this project? What are the implications and scope of such a decision? Secondly, we present experiences of implementation of IoT prototypes, which – in context - consider the education of the population of an apartment building, the mitigation and detection of COVID-19 symptoms, and the ability to obtain data from these experiences.
keywords	COVID-19, IoT, Design, Smart buildings, Lockdown
series	SIGraDi
email
last changed	2021/07/16 11:52

_id	acadia21_76
id	acadia21_76
authors	Smith, Rebecca
year	2021
title	Passive Listening and Evidence Collection
source	ACADIA 2021: Realignments: Toward Critical Computation [Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 979-8-986-08056-7]. Online and Global. 3-6 November 2021. edited by B. Bogosian, K. Dörfler, B. Farahi, J. Garcia del Castillo y López, J. Grant, V. Noel, S. Parascho, and J. Scott. 76-81.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2021.076
summary	In this paper, I present the commercial, urban-scale gunshot detection system ShotSpotter in contrast with a range of ecological sensing examples which monitor animal vocalizations. Gunshot detection sensors are used to alert law enforcement that a gunshot has occurred and to collect evidence. They are intertwined with processes of criminalization, in which the individual, rather than the collective, is targeted for punishment. Ecological sensors are used as a “passive” practice of information gathering which seeks to understand the health of a given ecosystem through monitoring population demographics, and to document the collective harms of anthropogenic change (Stowell and Sueur 2020). In both examples, the ability of sensing infrastructures to “join up and speed up” (Gabrys 2019, 1) is increasing with the use of machine learning to identify patterns and objects: a new form of expertise through which the differential agendas of these systems are implemented and made visible. I trace the differential agendas of these systems as they manifest through varied components: the spatial distribution of hardware in the existing urban environment and / or landscape; the software and other informational processes that organize and translate the data; the visualization of acoustical sensing data; the commercial factors surrounding the production of material components; and the apps, platforms, and other forms of media through which information is made available to different stakeholders. I take an interpretive and qualitative approach to the analysis of these systems as cultural artifacts (Winner 1980), to demonstrate how the political and social stakes of the technology are embedded throughout them.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ijac202018304
id	ijac202018304
authors	Aagaard, Anders Kruse and Niels Martin Larsen
year	2020
title	Developing a fabrication workflow for irregular sawlogs
source	International Journal of Architectural Computing vol. 18 - no. 3, 270-283
summary	In this article, we suggest using contemporary manufacturing technologies to integrate material properties with architectural design tools, revealing new possibilities for the use of wood in architecture. Through an investigative approach, material capacities and fabrication methods are explored and combined towards establishing new workflows and architectural expressions, where material, fabrication and result are closely interlinked. The experimentation revolves around discarded, crooked oak logs, doomed to be used as firewood due to their irregularity. This project treats their diverging shapes differently by offering unique processing to each log informed by its particularities. We suggest here a way to use the natural forms and properties of sawlogs to generate new structures and spatial conditions. In this article, we discuss the scope of this approach and provide an example of a workflow for handling the discrete shapes of natural sawlogs in a system that involve the collection of material, scanning/digitisation, handling of a stockpile, computer analysis, design and robotic manufacturing. The creation of this specific method comes from a combination of investigation of wood as a material, review of existing research in the field, studies of the production lines in the current wood industry and experimentation through our in-house laboratory facilities. As such, the workflow features several solutions for handling the complex and different shapes and data of natural wood logs in a highly digitised machining and fabrication environment. This up-cycling of discarded wood supply establishes a non-standard workflow that utilises non-standard material stock and leads to a critical articulation of today’s linear material economy. The project becomes part of an ambition to reach sustainable development goals and technological innovation in global and resource-intensive architecture and building industry.
keywords	Natural wood, robotic fabrication, computation, fabrication, research by design
series	journal
email
last changed	2020/11/02 13:34

_id	acadia20_516
id	acadia20_516
authors	Aghaei Meibodi, Mania; Voltl, Christopher; Craney, Ryan
year	2020
title	Additive Thermoplastic Formwork for Freeform Concrete Columns
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume I: Technical Papers [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95213-0]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by B. Slocum, V. Ago, S. Doyle, A. Marcus, M. Yablonina, and M. del Campo. 516-525.
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.acadia.2020.1.516
summary	The degree of geometric complexity a concrete element can assume is directly linked to our ability to fabricate its formwork. Additive manufacturing allows fabrication of freeform formwork and expands the design possibilities for concrete elements. In particular, fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of thermoplastic is a useful method of formwork fabrication due to the lightweight properties of the resulting formwork and the accessibility of FDM 3D printing technology. The research in this area is in early stages of development, including several existing efforts examining the 3D printing of a single material for formwork— including two medium-scale projects using PLA and PVA. However, the performance of 3D printed formwork and its geometric complexity varies, depending on the material used for 3D printing the formwork. To expand the existing research, this paper reviews the opportunities and challenges of using 3D printed thermoplastic formwork for fabricating custom concrete elements using multiple thermoplastic materials. This research cross-references and investigates PLA, PVA, PETG, and the combination of PLA-PVA as formwork material, through the design and fabrication of nonstandard structural concrete columns. The formwork was produced using robotic pellet extrusion and filament-based 3D printing. A series of case studies showcase the increased geometric freedom achievable in formwork when 3D printing with multiple materials. They investigate the potential variations in fabrication methods and their print characteristics when using different 3D printing technologies and printing materials. Additionally, the research compares speed, cost, geometric freedom, and surface resolution.
series	ACADIA
type	paper
email
last changed	2023/10/22 12:06

_id	ecaade2020_390
id	ecaade2020_390
authors	Ahmadzadeh Bazzaz, Siamak, Fioravanti, Antonio and Coraglia, Ugo Maria
year	2020
title	Depth and Distance Perceptions within Virtual Reality Environments - A Comparison between HMDs and CAVEs in Architectural Design
source	Werner, L and Koering, D (eds.), Anthropologic: Architecture and Fabrication in the cognitive age - Proceedings of the 38th eCAADe Conference - Volume 1, TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany, 16-18 September 2020, pp. 375-382
doi	https://doi.org/10.52842/conf.ecaade.2020.1.375
summary	The Perceptions of Depth and Distance are considered as two of the most important factors in Virtual Reality Environments, as these environments inevitability impact the perception of the virtual content compared with the one of real world. Many studies on depth and distance perceptions in a virtual environment exist. Most of them were conducted using Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) and less with large screen displays such as those of Cave Automatic Virtual Environments (CAVEs). In this paper, we make a comparison between the different aspects of perception in the architectural environment between CAVE systems and HMD. This paper clarifies the Virtual Object as an entity in a VE and also the pros and cons of using CAVEs and HMDs are explained. Eventually, just a first survey of the planned case study of the artificial port of the Trajan emperor near Fiumicino has been done as for COVID-19 an on-field experimentation could not have been performed.
keywords	Visual Perception; Depth and Distance Perception; Virtual Reality; HMD; CAVE; Trajan’s port
series	eCAADe
email
last changed	2022/06/07 07:54

_id	acadia20_108p
id	acadia20_108p
authors	Akbarzadeh, Masoud; Ghomi, Ali Tabatabaie; Bolhassani, Mohammad; Akbari, Mostafa; Seyedahmadian, Alireza; Papalexiou, Konstantinos
year	2020
title	Saltatur
source	ACADIA 2020: Distributed Proximities / Volume II: Projects [Proceedings of the 40th Annual Conference of the Association of Computer Aided Design in Architecture (ACADIA) ISBN 978-0-578-95253-6]. Online and Global. 24-30 October 2020. edited by M. Yablonina, A. Marcus, S. Doyle, M. del Campo, V. Ago, B. Slocum. 108-113.
summary	The Saltatur (Dancer in Latin) demonstrates innovative research in the design and fabrication of a prefab structure consisting of spatial concrete nodes assembled in a compression-only configuration. The compression-only body is kept in equilibrium using the post-tensioning steel rods at the top and the bottom of the structure, supporting an ultra-thin glass structure on its top. A node-based assembly was considered as a method of construction. An innovative detailing was developed that allows locking each member in its exact location in the body, obviating the need for a particular assembly sequence. A bespoke steel connection transfers the tensile forces between the concrete members effectively. Achieving a high level of efficiency in utilizing concrete for spatial systems requires a robust and powerful structural design and fabrication approach that has been meticulously exhibited in this project. The structural form of the project was developed using a three-dimensional geometry-based structural design method known as 3D Graphic Statics with precise control over the magnitude of the lateral forces in the system. The entire concrete body of the structure is held in compression by the tension ties at the top and bottom of the structure with no horizontal reactions at the supports. This particular internal distribution of forces in the form of the compression-only body reduces the bending moment in the system and, therefore, the required mass to span such a distance.
series	ACADIA
type	project
email
last changed	2021/10/26 08:03

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